2004
Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias
Shapiro ED. Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2004, 23: 127-131. PMID: 14872178, DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial CapsulesBiasCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHaemophilus VaccinesHumansImmunityImmunization ScheduleInfantMalePolysaccharides, BacterialProbabilityReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTreatment OutcomeVaccinationConceptsEffectiveness of vaccinesCase-control studyInvasive Hib infectionsHib vaccinePneumococcal infectionHib infectionsInvasive infectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bInvasive pneumococcal infectionsInfluenzae type bMonths of ageIdentical study designOverall 34Study 74S. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfectionStudy designHibType BPneumoniaeValid methodCasesPotential bias
1994
Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Bacterial infections, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood
McCarthy P, Bachman D, Shapiro E, Baron M. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Bacterial infections, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1994, 6: 105. PMID: 8205167, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199402000-00019.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsDiarrhea of infancyClinical examinationRespiratory syncytial virus infectionLower respiratory tract infectionsInfectious diseasesHaemophilus influenzae type bSyncytial virus infectionRespiratory tract infectionsMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionPediatric office practiceCat-scratch diseaseInfluenzae type bEvaluation of childrenEarly childhoodProlonged feverAspiration pneumoniaStreptococcal pharyngitisTract infectionsAcute feverRespiratory infectionsTuberculosis infectionChlamydia infectionOtitis mediaTherapeutic advancesAcute gastroenteritis
1992
Outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b
KORONES D, MARSHALL G, SHAPIRO E. Outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1992, 11: 516-520. PMID: 1528640, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199207000-00002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHaemophilus influenzae type bOutcome of childrenInfluenzae type bOccult bacteremiaHib bacteremiaYale-New Haven HospitalSerious focal infectionsType BClinical courseMedian ageHib infectionsChildren's HospitalSerious infectionsHealthy childrenMedical recordsFocal infectionBacteremiaHospitalInfectionChildrenOutpatientsSuch antimicrobialsOutcomesBetter definitionAntimicrobials
1990
New Vaccines Against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
Shapiro E. New Vaccines Against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b. Pediatric Clinics Of North America 1990, 37: 567-583. PMID: 2190140, DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36905-x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
1989
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
D'Cruz O, Shapiro E, Spiegelman K, Leicher C, Breningstall G, Khatri B, Dobyns W. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1989, 115: 743-746. PMID: 2809907, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80653-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlood cultures in the management of febrile outpatients later found to have bacteremia
Alario A, Nelson E, Shapiro E. Blood cultures in the management of febrile outpatients later found to have bacteremia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1989, 115: 195-199. PMID: 2787855, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80064-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood culturesPositive blood culturesFebrile outpatientsHaemophilus influenzae type bSerious focal infectionsEpisodes of bacteremiaCases of meningitisInfluenzae type bPersistent bacteremiaPersistent symptomsFocal complicationsFocal infectionOutpatientsStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacteremiaNeisseria meningitidisType BComplicationsPatientsChildrenMeningitisSymptomsInfectionCliniciansPneumoniae
1987
USE OF HAEMOPHILUS VACCINE IN CONNECTICUT
Shapiro E, Lichtman J, Petersen L, Hadler J, Leventhal J. USE OF HAEMOPHILUS VACCINE IN CONNECTICUT. Pediatric Research 1987, 21: 287-287. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198704010-00719.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMonths of ageGroup day carePrepaid health maintenance organizationHaemophilus influenzae type bYale-New Haven HospitalDay careRates of immunizationInfluenzae type bHealth maintenance organizationRisk of diseaseHaemophilus vaccineHib diseaseHib vaccineChildren 24Universal immunizationPublic clinicsIndigent patientsCare statusPrivate physiciansVaccineChildren 18Maintenance organizationMonthsPhysiciansType B
1986
Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia
Shapiro E, Aaron N, Wald E, Chiponis D. Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1986, 109: 15-19. PMID: 3088242, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80564-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOccult bacteremiaBacterial meningitisInfluenzae type bClinical characteristicsInitial visitLumbar punctureRisk factorsRelative riskHaemophilus influenzae type bYale-New Haven HospitalH. influenzae type bType BChildren's HospitalPossible confounding effectsMeningitisBacteremiaEstimates of riskS. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeLogistic regressionN. meningitidisNeisseria meningitidisHospitalChildrenRisk
1985
Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis
Shapiro E. Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis. Medical Clinics Of North America 1985, 69: 269-280. PMID: 3990434, DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31042-2.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1984
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF THE RATE OF PHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION WITH HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (Hib) AT A CHRONIC-CARE FACILITY FOLLOWING PROPHYLAXIS WITH RIFAMPIN
Shapiro E, Wald E. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF THE RATE OF PHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION WITH HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (Hib) AT A CHRONIC-CARE FACILITY FOLLOWING PROPHYLAXIS WITH RIFAMPIN. Pediatric Research 1984, 18: 187-187. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198404001-00565.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic care facilitiesHaemophilus influenzae type bAdministration of rifampinPrevalence of colonizationInvasive Hib infectionsInfluenzae type bRate of colonizationHib colonizationPharyngeal colonizationHib meningitisPharyngeal carriageHib infectionsPersistent carriersPharyngeal culturesHibNew casesRifampinAvailable childrenType BProphylaxisChildrenMonthsColonization rate
1982
Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis
SHAPIRO E, WALD E, BROZANSKI B. Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1982, 1: 91-94. PMID: 7177909, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-198203000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsParanasal sinusitisPeriorbital cellulitisHaemophilus influenzae type bInfluenzae type bGroup A StreptococcusPeriorbital swellingVenous obstructionPurulent sinusitisAppropriate therapyClinical presentationOrbital cellulitisInflammatory edemaBacterial etiologyOrbital traumaGroup 2Group 1Group 3Streptococcus pneumoniaeA StreptococcusActual infectionCellulitisSinusitisSkin integrityOrbital contentsType BProphylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b disease
SHAPIRO E. Prophylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1982, 1: 132-138. PMID: 6757888, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-198203000-00015.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsRole of prophylaxisHaemophilus influenzae type b diseaseHaemophilus influenzae type bContacts of patientsCases of meningitisType b diseaseDiagnosis of meningitisInfluenzae type bB diseaseNonepidemic periodsProphylaxisPatientsNeisseria meningitidisPreventive measuresDiseaseType BMeningitisRecommendations of expertsFamily membersSecondary spreadRecent studiesClose contactCurrent understandingIllnessPhysicians