Archana Shrestha, PhD
Assistant Professor Adjunct
Research & Publications
Biography
News
Research Summary
Dr. Shrestha's research experience encompasses diverse topics on implementation science, capacity building and epidemiological research on chronic diseases a in the context of developing countries.
Extensive Research Description
1. Community-based lifestyle intervention for diabetes management in rural Nepal: A cluster randomized trial of a combination of community health workers (CHWs), peer supporter and regular telephone calls. Funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Disease (GACD), the project aims to measure the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) metrics of implementing a lifestyl intervention to diabetes patients through primary health care level institutions in Nepal.
2. Translational Research Capacity Building Initiative to Address Cardiovascular Diseases in Nepal. Funded by NHLBI, NIH, the project's goal is to build a translational research capacity in local researchers in Nepal and conduct national needs assessment to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases.
3. Population-Based Longitudinal Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in Dhulikhel, Nepal. The goal of the study is to employ standardized methodology to obtain estimates of CVD mortality and morbidity rates in addition to evaluating associations with health history, behaviors and other risk factors for CVD. This also aims to prepare a platform for conducting ancillary implementation studies in the prevention and management of CVD.
4. Nepal Pioneer Worksite intervention study to prevention diabetes. Funded by NIH DP award, the goal of the study is to test the effectiveness of environmental and individual level dietary interventions among employees of a worksite in Nepal, Mexico and India.
5. Cervical Cancer Prevention in Low Resource Setting – An Implementation Trial in Nepal. Funded by Yale Cancer Center, this project evaluates the implementation of careHPV self-sample testing and treatment in Nepal.
6. Cancer and Sexual Stigma and its Association with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Nepal. Funded by Yale Cancer Center, this study aims to validated cancer and sexual stigma tools in Nepal, measure the stigma using valid tools, and assess assocation of stigma with cervical cancer screenig uptake.
7. Develop, Implement, and Evaluate Public Food Procurement Policy in Nepal. Funded by Resolve to Save Lives, this project aims to develop, implement and evaluate public food procurement policy at municipal level governance in Nepal.
Coauthors
Research Interests
Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Obesity; Global Health; Diabetes, Gestational; Healthy Lifestyle; Implementation Science
Selected Publications
- Analyzing the Implementation of Policies and Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care Level in NepalShrestha R, Yadav UN, Shrestha A, Paudel G, Makaju D, Poudel P, Iwashita H, Harada Y, Shrestha A, Karmacharya B, Koju R, Sugishita T, Rawal L. Analyzing the Implementation of Policies and Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care Level in Nepal. Frontiers In Public Health 2022, 10: 763784. PMID: 35223722, PMCID: PMC8864089, DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.763784.
- Diabetes Prevention Education Program in a population with pre-diabetes in Nepal: a study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial (DiPEP)Shakya P, Shrestha A, Karmacharya BM, Shrestha A, Kulseng BE, Skovlund E, Sen A. Diabetes Prevention Education Program in a population with pre-diabetes in Nepal: a study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial (DiPEP). BMJ Open 2021, 11: e047067. PMID: 34819277, PMCID: PMC8614149, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047067.
- Socioeconomic Status and Its Relation to Hypertension in Rural NepalBhattarai S, Tandstad B, Shrestha A, Karmacharya B, Sen A. Socioeconomic Status and Its Relation to Hypertension in Rural Nepal. International Journal Of Hypertension 2021, 2021: 5542438. PMID: 34497724, PMCID: PMC8419497, DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542438.
- Health system gaps in cardiovascular disease prevention and management in NepalShrestha A, Maharjan R, Karmacharya BM, Bajracharya S, Jha N, Shrestha S, Aryal A, Baral PP, Bhatt RD, Bhattarai S, Bista D, Citrin D, Dhimal M, Fitzpatrick AL, Jha AK, Karmacharya RM, Mali S, Neupane T, Oli N, Pandit R, Parajuli SB, Pradhan PMS, Prajapati D, Pyakurel M, Pyakurel P, Rai BK, Sapkota BP, Sapkota S, Shrestha A, Shrestha AP, Shrestha R, Sharma GN, Sharma S, Spiegelman D, Suwal PS, Thapa B, Vaidya A, Xu D, Yan LL, Koju R. Health system gaps in cardiovascular disease prevention and management in Nepal. BMC Health Services Research 2021, 21: 655. PMID: 34225714, PMCID: PMC8258928, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06681-0.
- Factors associated with low back pain among construction workers in Nepal: A cross-sectional studyAdhikari B, Ghimire A, Jha N, Karkee R, Shrestha A, Dhakal R, Niraula A, Majhi S, Pandit AK, Bhandari N. Factors associated with low back pain among construction workers in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0252564. PMID: 34061897, PMCID: PMC8168885, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252564.
- Facilitators and barriers to healthy eating in a worksite cafeteria: a qualitative studyStern D, Blanco I, Olmos LA, Valdivia JJ, Shrestha A, Mattei J, Spiegelman D. Facilitators and barriers to healthy eating in a worksite cafeteria: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021, 21: 973. PMID: 34022846, PMCID: PMC8141192, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11004-3.
- Workplace cafeteria and other multicomponent interventions to promote healthy eating among adults: A systematic reviewNaicker A, Shrestha A, Joshi C, Willett W, Spiegelman D. Workplace cafeteria and other multicomponent interventions to promote healthy eating among adults: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine Reports 2021, 22: 101333. PMID: 33732606, PMCID: PMC7937753, DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101333.
- Knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional studyShrestha AD, Gyawali B, Shrestha A, Shrestha S, Neupane D, Ghimire S, Campbell C, Kallestrup P. Knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study. European Journal Of Cancer Prevention 2021, 31: 73-81. PMID: 34871200, DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000670.
- Patient satisfaction and its socio-demographic correlates in a tertiary public hospital in Nepal: a cross-sectional studyAdhikari M, Paudel NR, Mishra SR, Shrestha A, Upadhyaya DP. Patient satisfaction and its socio-demographic correlates in a tertiary public hospital in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research 2021, 21: 135. PMID: 33579283, PMCID: PMC7881603, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06155-3.
- Frontline Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge and Perception of COVID-19, and Willingness to Work during the Pandemic in NepalUpadhyaya DP, Paudel R, Acharya D, Khoshnood K, Lee K, Park JH, Yoo SJ, Shrestha A, Bc B, Bhandari S, Yadav R, Timalsina A, Wagle CN, Das BK, Kunwar R, Chalise B, Bhatta DR, Adhikari M. Frontline Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge and Perception of COVID-19, and Willingness to Work during the Pandemic in Nepal. Healthcare 2020, 8: 554. PMID: 33322486, PMCID: PMC7764814, DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040554.
- Proactive prevention: Act now to disrupt the impending non-communicable disease crisis in low-burden populationsNjuguna B, Fletcher SL, Akwanalo C, Asante KP, Baumann A, Brown A, Davila-Roman VG, Dickhaus J, Fort M, Iwelunmor J, Irazola V, Mohan S, Mutabazi V, Newsome B, Ogedegbe O, Pastakia SD, Peprah EK, Plange-Rhule J, Roth G, Shrestha A, Watkins DA, Vedanthan R. Proactive prevention: Act now to disrupt the impending non-communicable disease crisis in low-burden populations. PLOS ONE 2020, 15: e0243004. PMID: 33259517, PMCID: PMC7707577, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243004.
- Worksite intervention study to prevent diabetes in Nepal: a randomised trial protocolPyakurel P, Shrestha A, Karmacharya BM, Budhathoki SS, Chaudhari RK, Tamrakar D, Shrestha A, Karmacharya RM, Shrestha A, Sharma S, Sharma SK, Spiegelman D. Worksite intervention study to prevent diabetes in Nepal: a randomised trial protocol. Open Heart 2020, 7: e001236. PMID: 32847993, PMCID: PMC7451278, DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001236.
- Cardiovascular disease trends in Nepal – An analysis of global burden of disease data 2017Bhattarai S, Aryal A, Pyakurel M, Bajracharya S, Baral P, Citrin D, Cox H, Dhimal M, Fitzpatrick A, Jha AK, Jha N, Karmacharya BM, Koju R, Maharjan R, Oli N, Pyakurel P, Sapkota BP, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Spiegelman D, Vaidya A, Shrestha A. Cardiovascular disease trends in Nepal – An analysis of global burden of disease data 2017. IJC Heart & Vasculature 2020, 30: 100602. PMID: 32775605, PMCID: PMC7399110, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100602.
- Pilot Educational Intervention to Promote Safe Pesticide Use Practices Among Farmworkers in NepalKoju P, Shakya PR, Shrestha A, Karmacharya BM, Shrestha S, Jaacks LM. Pilot Educational Intervention to Promote Safe Pesticide Use Practices Among Farmworkers in Nepal. Annals Of Work Exposures And Health 2020, 64: 866-875. PMID: 32491155, DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa054.
- NUrse-led COntinuum of care for people with Diabetes and prediabetes (NUCOD) in Nepal: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trialXu D, Dev R, Shrestha A, Zhang L, Shrestha A, Shakya P, Hughes JP, Shakya PR, Li J, Liao J, Karmacharya BM. NUrse-led COntinuum of care for people with Diabetes and prediabetes (NUCOD) in Nepal: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020, 21: 442. PMID: 32471476, PMCID: PMC7257188, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04372-5.
- Cross cultural adaptation and validation of burn specific health scale- brief in Nepali (BSHS-B-Np)Shakya R, Manandhar M, Dangol R, Shrestha A. Cross cultural adaptation and validation of burn specific health scale- brief in Nepali (BSHS-B-Np). Journal Of Patient-Reported Outcomes 2020, 4: 25. PMID: 32323083, PMCID: PMC7176760, DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00190-0.
- Probable Exit Strategy Against COVID-19 of Low Resource Country like Nepal: Open Floor DiscussionRajbhandari B, Gurung M, Poudel L, Shrestha A, Karmacharya BM. Probable Exit Strategy Against COVID-19 of Low Resource Country like Nepal: Open Floor Discussion. Journal Of Nepal Medical Association 2020, 58: 286-292. PMID: 32417872, PMCID: PMC7580467, DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4974.
- Drivers of healthy eating in a workplace in Nepal: a qualitative studyTamrakar D, Shrestha A, Rai A, Karmacharya BM, Malik V, Mattei J, Spiegelman D. Drivers of healthy eating in a workplace in Nepal: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020, 10: e031404. PMID: 32102804, PMCID: PMC7045197, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031404.
- Advertisement of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections and equity in access to treatment: a cross-sectional study in NepalKoju P, Rousseau SP, Van der Putten M, Shrestha A, Shrestha R. Advertisement of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections and equity in access to treatment: a cross-sectional study in Nepal. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Policy And Practice 2020, 13: 4. PMID: 32110416, PMCID: PMC7033932, DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-0202-1.
- Varicose veins and its risk factors among nurses at Dhulikhel hospital: a cross sectional studyShakya R, Karmacharya RM, Shrestha R, Shrestha A. Varicose veins and its risk factors among nurses at Dhulikhel hospital: a cross sectional study. BMC Nursing 2020, 19: 8. PMID: 32042263, PMCID: PMC6998362, DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-0401-8.
- An integrated intervention for chronic care management in rural Nepal: protocol of a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation studySchwarz D, Dhungana S, Kumar A, Acharya B, Agrawal P, Aryal A, Baum A, Choudhury N, Citrin D, Dangal B, Dhimal M, Gauchan B, Gupta T, Halliday S, Karmacharya B, Kishore S, Koirala B, Kshatriya U, Levine E, Maru S, Rimal P, Sapkota S, Schwarz R, Shrestha A, Thapa A, Maru D. An integrated intervention for chronic care management in rural Nepal: protocol of a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study. Trials 2020, 21: 119. PMID: 31996250, PMCID: PMC6990567, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4063-3.
- Estimated cost for cardiovascular disease risk-based management at a primary healthcare center in NepalAryal A, Citrin D, Halliday S, Kumar A, Nepal P, Shrestha A, Nugent R, Schwarz D. Estimated cost for cardiovascular disease risk-based management at a primary healthcare center in Nepal. Global Health Research And Policy 2020, 5: 2. PMID: 32016159, PMCID: PMC6988194, DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-0130-2.
- Developing the Core Pillars of Training Global Cardiovascular Health Researchers Companionship, Light, and FuelYan LL, Vedanthan R, Mensah GA, Karmacharya B, Shrestha A, Fitzpatrick A, Duc HA, Tandon N, Davila-Roman VG, Huffman MD, Miranda JJ, Irazola V, Koju R, Newsome B, Yusuf S. Developing the Core Pillars of Training Global Cardiovascular Health Researchers Companionship, Light, and Fuel. Global Heart 2019, 14: 387-389. PMID: 31727269, DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2019.08.005.
- Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban NepalKarki A, Shrestha A, Subedi N. Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. BMC Public Health 2019, 19: 1055. PMID: 31387571, PMCID: PMC6685156, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9.
- The Kathmandu Declaration on Global CVD/Hypertension Research and Implementation Science A Framework to Advance Implementation Research for Cardiovascular and Other Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income CountriesAifah A, Iwelunmor J, Akwanalo C, Allison J, Amberbir A, Asante KP, Baumann A, Brown A, Butler M, Dalton M, Davila-Roman V, Fitzpatrick AL, Fort M, Goldberg R, Gondwe A, Ha D, He J, Hosseinipour M, Irazola V, Kamano J, Karengera S, Karmacharya BM, Koju R, Maharjan R, Mohan S, Mutabazi V, Mutimura E, Muula A, Narayan KMV, Nguyen H, Njuguna B, Nyirenda M, Ogedegbe G, van Oosterhout J, Onakomaiya D, Patel S, Paniagua-Ávila A, Ramirez-zea M, Plange-Rhule J, Roche D, Shrestha A, Sharma H, Tandon N, Thu-Cuc N, Vaidya A, Vedanthan R, Weber MB. The Kathmandu Declaration on Global CVD/Hypertension Research and Implementation Science A Framework to Advance Implementation Research for Cardiovascular and Other Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Global Heart 2019, 14: 103-107. PMID: 31324363, PMCID: PMC7341552, DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.006.
- Stakeholder Engagement in Planning the Design of a National Needs Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management in NepalArchana S, Karmacharya BM, Rashmi M, Abhinav V, Meghnath D, Natalia O, Rajeev S, Prajjwal P, Annette F, David C, Swornim B, Roman XD, Donna S, Rajendra K. Stakeholder Engagement in Planning the Design of a National Needs Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management in Nepal. Global Heart 2019, 14: 181-189. PMID: 31324373, PMCID: PMC7003959, DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.002.
- Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysisMishra SR, Ghimire S, Joshi C, Gyawali B, Shrestha A, Neupane D, Sharma SR, Pokharel Y, Virani SS. Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis. Globalization And Health 2019, 15: 33. PMID: 31046779, PMCID: PMC6498694, DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0468-8.
- Designing and implementing an integrated non-communicable disease primary care intervention in rural NepalKumar A, Schwarz D, Acharya B, Agrawal P, Aryal A, Choudhury N, Citrin D, Dangal B, Deukmedjian G, Dhimal M, Dhungana S, Gauchan B, Gupta T, Halliday S, Jha D, Kalaunee S, Karmacharya B, Kishore S, Koirala B, Kunwar L, Mahar R, Maru S, Mehanni S, Nirola I, Pandey S, Pant B, Pathak M, Poudel S, Rajbhandari I, Raut A, Rimal P, Schwarz R, Shrestha A, Thapa A, Thapa P, Thapa R, Wong L, Maru D. Designing and implementing an integrated non-communicable disease primary care intervention in rural Nepal. BMJ Global Health 2019, 4: e001343. PMID: 31139453, PMCID: PMC6509610, DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001343.
- Collecting Blood Sample for the Community-based Research in Nepal: A Laboratory Perspective.Pyakurel P, Shrestha A. Collecting Blood Sample for the Community-based Research in Nepal: A Laboratory Perspective. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ) 2019, 17: 80-81. PMID: 32632051.
- Nepal Pioneer Worksite Intervention Study to lower cardio-metabolic risk factors: design and protocolShrestha A, Tamrakar D, Karmacharya BM, Shrestha A, Shrestha R, Bhatta RD, Pyakurel P, Khudyakov P, Malik V, Mattei J, Spiegelman D. Nepal Pioneer Worksite Intervention Study to lower cardio-metabolic risk factors: design and protocol. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2019, 19: 48. PMID: 30819098, PMCID: PMC6393979, DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1025-3.
- Socio-economic inequalities in hypertension burden and cascade of services: nationwide cross-sectional study in NepalMishra SR, Ghimire S, Shrestha N, Shrestha A, Virani SS. Socio-economic inequalities in hypertension burden and cascade of services: nationwide cross-sectional study in Nepal. Journal Of Human Hypertension 2019, 33: 613-625. PMID: 30659279, DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0165-3.
- Barriers and facilitators to treatment among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension in NepalShrestha S, Shrestha A, Koju RP, LoGerfo JP, Karmacharya BM, Sotoodehnia N, Fitzpatrick AL. Barriers and facilitators to treatment among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension in Nepal. Heart Asia 2018, 10: e011047. PMID: 30233660, PMCID: PMC6135456, DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2018-011047.
- Dietary interventions to prevent and manage diabetes in worksite settings: a meta‐analysisShrestha A, Karmacharya BM, Khudyakov P, Weber MB, Spiegelman D. Dietary interventions to prevent and manage diabetes in worksite settings: a meta‐analysis. Journal Of Occupational Health 2018, 60: 31-45. PMID: 29187673, PMCID: PMC5799099, DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0121-ra.
- Quit Intentions and Attempts among Smokers in Sub-urban Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study.Karmacharya BM, Fitzpatrick AL, Koju R, Sotodehnia N, Xu DR, Pradhan PMS, Shrestha A. Quit Intentions and Attempts among Smokers in Sub-urban Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2018, 16: 83-88. PMID: 30631024.
- Facilitators and barriers to healthy eating in a worksite cafeteria: a qualitative study from NepalShrestha A, Pyakurel P, Shrestha A, Gautam R, Manandhar N, Rhodes E, Tamrakar D, Karmacharya BM, Malik V, Mattei J, Spiegelman D. Facilitators and barriers to healthy eating in a worksite cafeteria: a qualitative study from Nepal. Heart Asia 2017, 9: e010956. PMID: 29225703, PMCID: PMC5708323, DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2017-010956.
- Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western NepalNeupane D, Shrestha A, Mishra SR, Bloch J, Christensen B, McLachlan CS, Karki A, Kallestrup P. Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western Nepal. American Journal Of Hypertension 2017, 30: 907-913. PMID: 28531244, DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx074.
- Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for Nepalese dietShrestha A, Koju RP, Beresford SAA, Chan KCG, Connell FA, Karmacharya BM, Shrestha P, Fitzpatrick AL. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for Nepalese diet. International Journal Of Food Sciences And Nutrition 2017, 68: 605-612. PMID: 28092991, DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1268099.
- Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Nepal: findings from the Dhulikhel Heart StudyKarmacharya BM, Koju RP, LoGerfo JP, Chan KC, Mokdad AH, Shrestha A, Sotoodehnia N, Fitzpatrick AL. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Nepal: findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study. Heart Asia 2017, 9: 1. PMID: 28123454, PMCID: PMC5237714, DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2016-010766.
- Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use in a Suburban community of Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study.Karmacharya B, Shrestha A, Fitzpatrick AL, Koju R, Sotodehnia N, Xu DR. Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use in a Suburban community of Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2017, 15: 336-342. PMID: 30580353.
- Determining the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Adults in Nepal.Lam MS, Fitzpatrick AL, Shrestha A, Karmacharya BM, Koju R, Rao D. Determining the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Adults in Nepal. International Journal Of Noncommunicable Diseases 2017, 2: 18-26. PMID: 30574570, PMCID: PMC6298440, DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_34_16.
- Food patterns measured by principal component analysis and obesity in the Nepalese adultShrestha A, Koju RP, Beresford SA, Chan K, Karmacharya BM, Fitzpatrick AL. Food patterns measured by principal component analysis and obesity in the Nepalese adult. Heart Asia 2016, 8: 46. PMID: 27326232, PMCID: PMC4898623, DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2015-010666.
- Characterization of hepatitis C infection in tuberculosis patients in an urban city in the USA.Campo M, Shrestha A, Oren E, Thiede H, Duchin J, Narita M, Crothers K. Characterization of hepatitis C infection in tuberculosis patients in an urban city in the USA. Epidemiology And Infection 2014, 142: 1459-66. PMID: 24067406, DOI: 10.1017/S0950268813002355.
- Preterm birth among American Indian/Alaskan natives in Washington and Montana: comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.Hwang M, Shrestha A, Yazzie S, Jackson ML. Preterm birth among American Indian/Alaskan natives in Washington and Montana: comparison with non-Hispanic Whites. Maternal And Child Health Journal 2013, 17: 1908-12. PMID: 23288503, DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1215-4.