Zhiling Gu
Postdoctoral AssociateAbout
Research
Publications
Featured Publications
Boosting AI-Generated Biomedical Images with Confidence through Advanced Statistical Inference
Gu Z, Yu S, Wang G, Wang L. Boosting AI-Generated Biomedical Images with Confidence through Advanced Statistical Inference. Journal Of The American Statistical Association 2025, 120: 2165-2180. PMID: 41660549, PMCID: PMC12880630, DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2025.2552510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpatiotemporal Heterogeneity Learning: Generalized SpatioTemporal Semi‐Varying Coefficient Models With Structure Identification
Gu Z, Li X, Wang G, Wang L. Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity Learning: Generalized SpatioTemporal Semi‐Varying Coefficient Models With Structure Identification. Journal Of Time Series Analysis 2025, 47: 8-24. PMID: 41244309, PMCID: PMC12614080, DOI: 10.1111/jtsa.70002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConstant coefficientsEstimators of constant coefficientsCoefficient modelCoefficient functionsStatistical inferenceMonte Carlo simulationsStatistical powerAutomatic structure identificationResponse variablesCarlo simulationsStructure identification methodEstimationConstant effectComputational efficiencyIdentification methodGeneralizationCoefficientModel structureEvaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States
Cramer E, Ray E, Lopez V, Bracher J, Brennen A, Rivadeneira A, Gerding A, Gneiting T, House K, Huang Y, Jayawardena D, Kanji A, Khandelwal A, Le K, Mühlemann A, Niemi J, Shah A, Stark A, Wang Y, Wattanachit N, Zorn M, Gu Y, Jain S, Bannur N, Deva A, Kulkarni M, Merugu S, Raval A, Shingi S, Tiwari A, White J, Abernethy N, Woody S, Dahan M, Fox S, Gaither K, Lachmann M, Meyers L, Scott J, Tec M, Srivastava A, George G, Cegan J, Dettwiller I, England W, Farthing M, Hunter R, Lafferty B, Linkov I, Mayo M, Parno M, Rowland M, Trump B, Zhang-James Y, Chen S, Faraone S, Hess J, Morley C, Salekin A, Wang D, Corsetti S, Baer T, Eisenberg M, Falb K, Huang Y, Martin E, McCauley E, Myers R, Schwarz T, Sheldon D, Gibson G, Yu R, Gao L, Ma Y, Wu D, Yan X, Jin X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Guo L, Zhao Y, Gu Q, Chen J, Wang L, Xu P, Zhang W, Zou D, Biegel H, Lega J, McConnell S, Nagraj V, Guertin S, Hulme-Lowe C, Turner S, Shi Y, Ban X, Walraven R, Hong Q, Kong S, van de Walle A, Turtle J, Ben-Nun M, Riley S, Riley P, Koyluoglu U, DesRoches D, Forli P, Hamory B, Kyriakides C, Leis H, Milliken J, Moloney M, Morgan J, Nirgudkar N, Ozcan G, Piwonka N, Ravi M, Schrader C, Shakhnovich E, Siegel D, Spatz R, Stiefeling C, Wilkinson B, Wong A, Cavany S, España G, Moore S, Oidtman R, Perkins A, Kraus D, Kraus A, Gao Z, Bian J, Cao W, Ferres J, Li C, Liu T, Xie X, Zhang S, Zheng S, Vespignani A, Chinazzi M, Davis J, Mu K, Pastore y Piontti A, Xiong X, Zheng A, Baek J, Farias V, Georgescu A, Levi R, Sinha D, Wilde J, Perakis G, Bennouna M, Nze-Ndong D, Singhvi D, Spantidakis I, Thayaparan L, Tsiourvas A, Sarker A, Jadbabaie A, Shah D, Della Penna N, Celi L, Sundar S, Wolfinger R, Osthus D, Castro L, Fairchild G, Michaud I, Karlen D, Kinsey M, Mullany L, Rainwater-Lovett K, Shin L, Tallaksen K, Wilson S, Lee E, Dent J, Grantz K, Hill A, Kaminsky J, Kaminsky K, Keegan L, Lauer S, Lemaitre J, Lessler J, Meredith H, Perez-Saez J, Shah S, Smith C, Truelove S, Wills J, Marshall M, Gardner L, Nixon K, Burant J, Wang L, Gao L, Gu Z, Kim M, Li X, Wang G, Wang Y, Yu S, Reiner R, Barber R, Gakidou E, Hay S, Lim S, Murray C, Pigott D, Gurung H, Baccam P, Stage S, Suchoski B, Prakash B, Adhikari B, Cui J, Rodríguez A, Tabassum A, Xie J, Keskinocak P, Asplund J, Baxter A, Oruc B, Serban N, Arik S, Dusenberry M, Epshteyn A, Kanal E, Le L, Li C, Pfister T, Sava D, Sinha R, Tsai T, Yoder N, Yoon J, Zhang L, Abbott S, Bosse N, Funk S, Hellewell J, Meakin S, Sherratt K, Zhou M, Kalantari R, Yamana T, Pei S, Shaman J, Li M, Bertsimas D, Lami O, Soni S, Bouardi H, Ayer T, Adee M, Chhatwal J, Dalgic O, Ladd M, Linas B, Mueller P, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xie S, Zeng D, Green A, Bien J, Brooks L, Hu A, Jahja M, McDonald D, Narasimhan B, Politsch C, Rajanala S, Rumack A, Simon N, Tibshirani R, Tibshirani R, Ventura V, Wasserman L, O’Dea E, Drake J, Pagano R, Tran Q, Ho L, Huynh H, Walker J, Slayton R, Johansson M, Biggerstaff M, Reich N. Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2022, 119: e2113561119. PMID: 35394862, PMCID: PMC9169655, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113561119.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAccurate probabilistic forecastsProbabilistic forecastsUS COVID-19 Forecast HubMultimodel ensemble forecastsShort-term probabilistic forecastingCOVID-19 Forecast HubAcademic modeling teamsScientific modeling communityForecast skillEnsemble forecastsForecast HubForecasting modelModeling communityForecastingGeospatial unitsIndividual modelsModeling capabilitiesModeling teamsForecasting accuracyHorizonMultimodelUnited StatesPredictionModelGovernmental public health agencies
2026
Brain functional-structural gradient coupling reflects development, behavior and genetic influences
Gao S, Gu Z, Ding S, Wang G, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y. Brain functional-structural gradient coupling reflects development, behavior and genetic influences. Nature Communications 2026 PMID: 41957369, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71719-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBrain organizationAdolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudyCognitive Development StudyMental health measuresHuman Connectome ProjectChildhood to adulthoodDeep-layer excitatory neuronsFunctional connectivityGenetic influencesConnectome ProjectHeritability analysisExcitatory neuronsDevelopmental refinementBiologically meaningful featuresMacroscale connectivityBrainGenetic factorsDevelopment studiesTranscriptome analysisCognitionHealth measuresAdolescentsAdulthoodSpatial scalesBehaviorNeuroPMD: Neural Fields for Density Estimation on Product Manifolds
Consagra W, Gu Z, Zhang Z. NeuroPMD: Neural Fields for Density Estimation on Product Manifolds. Journal Of Computational And Graphical Statistics 2026, ahead-of-print: 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2025.2612629.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeep neural network methodologyManifold domainsCurse of dimensionalityNeural network methodNeural network methodologyNetwork architectureTraditional kernelsDensity estimationExtensive simulationsNeural fieldsPenalty termEstimation algorithmNetwork methodComputational curseNetwork methodologyConvergence issuesNetworkConnectivity dataProduct manifoldsDifferential operatorsStructural connectivity dataDensity functionExpansion estimatorNeuralAlgorithm
2025
TSSS: a novel triangulated spherical spline smoothing for surface-based data
Gu Z, Yu S, Wang G, Lai M, Wang L. TSSS: a novel triangulated spherical spline smoothing for surface-based data. Journal Of Nonparametric Statistics 2025, 37: 683-712. PMID: 40933843, PMCID: PMC12419768, DOI: 10.1080/10485252.2025.2449886.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConvergence ratePenalized spline estimatorsPointwise confidence intervalsEffective signal extractionAsymptotic normalityNonparametric estimationSpline estimatorSpline smoothingTheoretical guaranteesBootstrap methodNonparametric methodsData applicationsComplex objectsComplex domainComputational efficiencySurface patchesConvergenceSignal extractionEstimationBoundary effectsConfidence intervalsBootstrapGuaranteesSurface-based dataNeuroimaging data
2024
Challenges of COVID-19 Case Forecasting in the US, 2020–2021
Lopez V, Cramer E, Pagano R, Drake J, O’Dea E, Adee M, Ayer T, Chhatwal J, Dalgic O, Ladd M, Linas B, Mueller P, Xiao J, Bracher J, Rivadeneira A, Gerding A, Gneiting T, Huang Y, Jayawardena D, Kanji A, Le K, Mühlemann A, Niemi J, Ray E, Stark A, Wang Y, Wattanachit N, Zorn M, Pei S, Shaman J, Yamana T, Tarasewicz S, Wilson D, Baccam S, Gurung H, Stage S, Suchoski B, Gao L, Gu Z, Kim M, Li X, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Y, Yu S, Gardner L, Jindal S, Marshall M, Nixon K, Dent J, Hill A, Kaminsky J, Lee E, Lemaitre J, Lessler J, Smith C, Truelove S, Kinsey M, Mullany L, Rainwater-Lovett K, Shin L, Tallaksen K, Wilson S, Karlen D, Castro L, Fairchild G, Michaud I, Osthus D, Bian J, Cao W, Gao Z, Ferres J, Li C, Liu T, Xie X, Zhang S, Zheng S, Chinazzi M, Davis J, Mu K, Pastore y Piontti A, Vespignani A, Xiong X, Walraven R, Chen J, Gu Q, Wang L, Xu P, Zhang W, Zou D, Gibson G, Sheldon D, Srivastava A, Adiga A, Hurt B, Kaur G, Lewis B, Marathe M, Peddireddy A, Porebski P, Venkatramanan S, Wang L, Prasad P, Walker J, Webber A, Slayton R, Biggerstaff M, Reich N, Johansson M. Challenges of COVID-19 Case Forecasting in the US, 2020–2021. PLOS Computational Biology 2024, 20: e1011200. PMID: 38709852, PMCID: PMC11098513, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUS COVID-19 Forecast HubWeighted interval scoreEnsemble-based forecastsCase forecastingCOVID-19 Forecast HubForecast skillForecast confidenceForecast HubForecast usersIndicator of changesForecastingSpatial scalesIndividual modelsPredicted 1Baseline forecastReal-time dataWinterCOVID-19 casesDelta
2023
“Just right” combinations of adjuvants with nanoscale carriers activate aged dendritic cells without overt inflammation
Ananya A, Holden K, Gu Z, Nettleton D, Mallapragada S, Wannemuehler M, Kohut M, Narasimhan B. “Just right” combinations of adjuvants with nanoscale carriers activate aged dendritic cells without overt inflammation. Immunity & Ageing 2023, 20: 10. PMID: 36895007, PMCID: PMC9996592, DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00332-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchT-cell-activating cytokinesT cell activationDendritic cellsProinflammatory cytokinesSTING agonistsCombination of adjuvantsCostimulatory moleculesExcessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokinesExcessive secretionExpression of costimulatory moleculesUpregulation of costimulatory moleculesCytokines associated with T-cell activationAged dendritic cellsCostimulatory molecule expressionCell surface marker expressionMultiple TLR agonistsSecretion of proinflammatory cytokinesProduction of proinflammatory cytokinesAntigen presenting cellsGeneration of proinflammatory cytokinesSurface marker expressionToll-like receptorsNext generation vaccinesAge-specific targetsTLR9 agonists
2021
Comparing and integrating US COVID-19 data from multiple sources with anomaly detection and repairing
Wang G, Gu Z, Li X, Yu S, Kim M, Wang Y, Gao L, Wang L. Comparing and integrating US COVID-19 data from multiple sources with anomaly detection and repairing. Journal Of Applied Statistics 2021, 50: 2408-2434. PMID: 37529572, PMCID: PMC10388824, DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2021.1928016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMethods, Challenges, and Practical Issues of COVID-19 Projection: A Data Science Perspective
Kim M, Gu Z, Yu S, Wang G, Wang L. Methods, Challenges, and Practical Issues of COVID-19 Projection: A Data Science Perspective. Journal Of Data Science 2021, 219-242. DOI: 10.6339/21-jds1013.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
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