Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study
Deng Y, Polley EC, Wallach JD, Dhruva SS, Herrin J, Quinto K, Gandotra C, Crown W, Noseworthy P, Yao X, Lyon TD, Shah ND, Ross JS, McCoy RG. Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study. The BMJ 2022, 379: e070717. PMID: 36191949, PMCID: PMC9527635, DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070717.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecondary outcomesMetformin monotherapyTreatment groupsRetrospective comparative effectiveness studyCox proportional hazards regressionPropensity scoreIncident microvascular complicationsNationwide claims databaseProportional hazards regressionType 2 diabetesComparative effectiveness studiesMacrovascular complicationsMicrovascular complicationsProspective trialAdverse eventsGlycemic controlHospital admissionInsulin glarginePrimary outcomeMedian timeHazards regressionClaims databaseObservational studyInverse propensity scoreEligibility criteria