2024
Exhaled breath analysis: A promising triage test for tuberculosis in young children
Bijker E, Smith J, Mchembere W, McCarthy K, Oord H, Gerritsen J, Click E, Cain K, Song R. Exhaled breath analysis: A promising triage test for tuberculosis in young children. Tuberculosis 2024, 149: 102566. PMID: 39332067, DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102566.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTriage testPaediatric pulmonary tuberculosisRespiratory tract infectionsSymptoms of tuberculosisDiagnose respiratory tract infectionsCross-sectional studyExpectorated sputumTract infectionsPulmonary tuberculosisPaediatric tuberculosisDiagnostic accuracyBreath testYoung childrenYoung infantsTuberculosisExhaled breath analysisBreathingBreath analysisChildrenTriageExhaled breathSputumInfantsFeasibility and utility of a combined nasogastric-tube-and-string-test device for bacteriologic confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in young children
Khambati N, Song R, Smith J, Bijker E, McCarthy K, Click E, Mchembere W, Okumu A, Musau S, Okeyo E, Perez-Velez C, Cain K. Feasibility and utility of a combined nasogastric-tube-and-string-test device for bacteriologic confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in young children. Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease 2024, 109: 116302. PMID: 38657352, PMCID: PMC11128341, DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116302.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
Machine learning to predict bacteriologic confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in infants and very young children
Smith J, Milligan K, McCarthy K, Mchembere W, Okeyo E, Musau S, Okumu A, Song R, Click E, Cain K. Machine learning to predict bacteriologic confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in infants and very young children. PLOS Digital Health 2023, 2: e0000249. PMID: 37195976, PMCID: PMC10191346, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMicrobial confirmationTB diseaseYoung childrenNoninvasive procedureLarge prospective cohortCases of tuberculosisChest X-rayDiagnosis of tuberculosisClinical decision makingBacteriologic confirmationHousehold contactsTB infectionProspective cohortRadiologic factorsPaucibacillary natureClinical similaritiesDiagnostic cohortClinical diseaseChildhood diseasesInvasive proceduresNovel biomarkersTuberculosisClinical researchM. tuberculosisDisease
2022
Clinical and Radiologic Factors Associated With Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Children Under 5 Years old Using Invasive and Noninvasive Sample Collection Techniques—Kenya
Smith J, Song R, McCarthy K, Mchembere W, Click E, Cain K. Clinical and Radiologic Factors Associated With Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Children Under 5 Years old Using Invasive and Noninvasive Sample Collection Techniques—Kenya. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2022, 9: ofac560. PMID: 36386048, PMCID: PMC9664973, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac560.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpecimen collection techniquesRadiologic factorsYoung childrenProspective cohort studyFine-needle aspirationHistory of exposurePublic health concernCritical public health concernBacteriologic confirmationAirway compressionCervical lymphadenopathyRadiological factorsCohort studyPediatric tuberculosisTB casesPresumptive tuberculosisClinical managementImmunologic evidenceNeedle aspirationPositive specimenDiagnostic testingTuberculosisLogistic regressionHealth concernMycobacterium tuberculosisPerformance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Mycobacterial Culture on Multiple Specimen Types for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease in Young Children and Clinical Characterization According to Standardized Research Case Definitions
Click ES, Song R, Smith JP, Mchembere W, Fajans M, Hariri P, Okeyo E, McCarthy KD, Gethi D, Odeny L, Musau S, Okumu A, Orwa J, Perez-Velez CM, Wright CA, Andres M, Marais BJ, Schaaf HS, Graham SM, Cruz AT, Cain KP. Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Mycobacterial Culture on Multiple Specimen Types for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease in Young Children and Clinical Characterization According to Standardized Research Case Definitions. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2022, 41: 671-677. PMID: 35703284, PMCID: PMC9288526, DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003582.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsXpert MTB/RIFResearch case definitionClinical case definitionMTB/RIFCase definitionIntrathoracic tuberculosisClinical characterizationMycobacterial cultureYoung childrenProspective cohort studyDifferent specimen typesDetailed clinical characterizationMultiple specimen typesSpecimen typesClinical diagnostic approachTB diseaseCohort studyMycobacterium tuberculosis complexParenchymal abnormalitiesConsecutive seriesOutpatient settingTuberculosis diseaseLeading causeXpert testChest radiographs
2021
Sensitive and Feasible Specimen Collection and Testing Strategies for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Young Children
Song R, Click ES, McCarthy KD, Heilig CM, Mchembere W, Smith JP, Fajans M, Musau SK, Okeyo E, Okumu A, Orwa J, Gethi D, Odeny L, Lee SH, Perez-Velez CM, Wright CA, Cain KP. Sensitive and Feasible Specimen Collection and Testing Strategies for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Young Children. JAMA Pediatrics 2021, 175: e206069. PMID: 33616611, PMCID: PMC7900937, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6069.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGastric aspiratesNPA samplesResource-limited settingsCurrent reference standardDiagnostic yieldTuberculosis diagnosisXpert MTB/RIFCross-sectional diagnostic studyReference standardNasopharyngeal aspirate samplesSymptoms of tuberculosisMycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultureMTB/RIFIncremental diagnostic yieldPositive test resultsYoung childrenSpecimen typesInvasive specimenCervical lymphadenopathyMedian ageMycobacterium tuberculosis complexParenchymal abnormalitiesConsecutive seriesOutpatient settingAspirate samples
2020
Role of sleep duration and obesity-related health behaviors in young children
Gazmararian J, Smith J. Role of sleep duration and obesity-related health behaviors in young children. Preventive Medicine Reports 2020, 20: 101199. PMID: 32983854, PMCID: PMC7495100, DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101199.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchObesity-related health behaviorsSleep durationSleep patternsHealth behaviorsShort sleep durationPhysical activity behaviorSleep deficiencyObesity-related healthTime childrenDrivers of obesityLittle epidemiologic researchLow physical activityPreliminary evidenceYoung childrenAdverse health outcomesYears of ageUnderstudied populationSchool dayChildrenActivity behaviorSleepChildren 2Health consequencesPhysical activityNeurological development