2009
Can flexibility be constraining?
Pinker E, Lee H, Berman O. Can flexibility be constraining? IIE Transactions 2009, 42: 45-59. DOI: 10.1080/07408170903113789.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOptimal staffing decisionsDemand shocksUncertain demandFlexibility policiesForms of flexibilityHigher total costsInventory costsLittle slackFirmsWorkforce flexibilityTotal costShockStaffing decisionsDemandCostPolicySlackSecond stageDecisionsCommon optionFirst stageWorkforceFlexibilityDifferent formsBenefits
2003
Optimizing the use of contingent labor when demand is uncertain
Pinker E, Larson R. Optimizing the use of contingent labor when demand is uncertain. European Journal Of Operational Research 2003, 144: 39-55. DOI: 10.1016/s0377-2217(01)00378-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVariety of contractsBenefits of flexibilityContingent workersTemporary workersContingent laborMinimum payRegular workersWorkforce managementFinite planning horizonCall workersStaffing decisionsTiming of informationBacklog costsContractsPlanning horizonWorkersDynamic programming problemLaborPayOptimization problemComputational effortNumerical examplesWorkforceDemandProgramming problem