2008
MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi
Margos G, Gatewood A, Aanensen D, Hanincová K, Terekhova D, Vollmer S, Cornet M, Piesman J, Donaghy M, Bormane A, Hurn M, Feil E, Fish D, Casjens S, Wormser G, Schwartz I, Kurtenbach K. MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2008, 105: 8730-8735. PMID: 18574151, PMCID: PMC2435589, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800323105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHousekeeping genesIntergenic spacerPopulation structureGeographic population structureChromosomal housekeeping genesMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemeB. burgdorferiPhylogenetic signalNorth AmericaEvolutionary relationshipsSequence typing schemeEvolutionary trajectoriesIGS locusSequence dataMLST schemeCultured isolatesGenesBorrelia burgdorferiOuter surface protein CMLST dataDistinct populationsSurface protein CBacterium Borrelia burgdorferiEuropean populationsVector-borne diseases
2004
Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe
Bunikis J, Garpmo U, Tsao J, Berglund J, Fish D, Barbour A. Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe. Microbiology 2004, 150: 1741-1755. PMID: 15184561, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26944-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntergenic spacerGenetic diversityIGS locusIGS genotypesOspC allelesHigh nucleotide diversityDistinct clonal lineagesGreater genetic diversityB. burgdorferiNorth-eastern United StatesTick vector Ixodes scapularisNucleotide diversityMonophyletic lineageSignature nucleotidesPhylogenetic studiesLinkage groupsIGS sequencesPhylogenetic inferenceIntragenic recombinationExtensive strain diversityDetectable recombinationVector Ixodes scapularisClonal lineagesField sitesLoci