2024
Invited Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities in Evaluating the Effect of Chemical Mixtures on Congenital Chromosomal Abnormalities.
Liew Z, Guo P. Invited Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities in Evaluating the Effect of Chemical Mixtures on Congenital Chromosomal Abnormalities. Environmental Health Perspectives 2024, 132: 91301. PMID: 39258901, PMCID: PMC11389476, DOI: 10.1289/ehp15799.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIs man the only animal with ears that cannot move them? Reflections on observational studies in obstetrics and gynecology
Pedersen L, Liew Z. Is man the only animal with ears that cannot move them? Reflections on observational studies in obstetrics and gynecology. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2024, 103: 1478-1479. PMID: 39044537, PMCID: PMC11266722, DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14925.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMediating Factors in the Association of Maternal Educational Level With Pregnancy Outcomes
Rogne T, Gill D, Liew Z, Shi X, Stensrud V, Nilsen T, Burgess S. Mediating Factors in the Association of Maternal Educational Level With Pregnancy Outcomes. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2351166. PMID: 38206626, PMCID: PMC10784860, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51166.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBirth WeightCholesterolCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Educational StatusFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansHyperemesis GravidarumInfant, NewbornLipoproteins, HDLMediation AnalysisMendelian Randomization AnalysisPre-EclampsiaPregnancyPregnancy OutcomePregnancy, EctopicPremature BirthConceptsCardiometabolic risk factorsBody mass indexOffspring birth weightEducational attainmentMendelian randomizationHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levelsSystolic blood pressureInverse variance-weighted methodModifiable cardiometabolic risk factorsPregnancy outcomesCohort studyLipoprotein cholesterol levelsMR-Egger regressionMass indexUnivariable MR analysisEffects of educational attainmentAssociated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomesPublic health interventionsMaternal education levelLower educational attainmentRisk factorsRisk of adverse pregnancy outcomesGenome-wide association studiesAssociated with increased riskBirth weight
2023
Reevaluating the Association Between Autism and Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy—Reply
Liew Z, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ritz B. Reevaluating the Association Between Autism and Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy—Reply. JAMA Pediatrics 2023, 177: 1241-1242. PMID: 37782480, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3954.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMaternal medically diagnosed infection and antibiotic prescription during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan, 2004 to 2015
Sirirungreung A, Lee P, Hu Y, Liew Z, Ritz B, Heck J. Maternal medically diagnosed infection and antibiotic prescription during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan, 2004 to 2015. International Journal Of Cancer 2023, 154: 626-635. PMID: 37792464, PMCID: PMC10942658, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34744.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPopulation-based cohort studyMaternal infectionAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaAntibiotic prescriptionsChildhood cancerCohort studyChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaChild Health DatabaseRisk of hepatoblastomaProportional hazards modelMother-child pairsMedian followTaiwan MaternalCancer RegistryLymphoblastic leukemiaAntibiotic useNational HealthAntibiotic exposureElevated riskHigh riskHazards modelPregnancyChildhood leukemiaHealth databasesChildhood hepatoblastomaSeason of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy
Zhuo H, Ritz B, Warren J, Liew Z. Season of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2335164. PMID: 37738049, PMCID: PMC10517373, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.35164.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral palsySeason of conceptionCalifornia birth recordsCohort studyPreterm birthRelative riskBirth recordsRisk of CPStatewide cohort studyEtiological risk factorsHigher Social Vulnerability IndexLength of gestationDiagnostic recordsNeighborhood-level factorsSummer conceptionsRisk factorsStratified analysisLive birthsMAIN OUTCOMEHigh riskCP riskPoisson regressionCP statusDevelopmental servicesNeuromotor disabilitiesExposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children
Vilhelmsson A, Rylander L, Jöud A, Lindh C, Mattsson K, Liew Z, Guo P, Ritz B, Källén K, Thacher J. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children. The Science Of The Total Environment 2023, 899: 165622. PMID: 37474063, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165622.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOdds ratioPreterm infantsEarly pregnancyPerfluorononanoic acidPrenatal PFAS exposureMaternal serum concentrationsCerebral palsy casesConfidence intervalsCase-control studyRisk of CPEnvironmental risk factorsPositive associationContinuous variablesHigh PFASPalsy casesBirth RegistryPreterm controlsCerebral palsyLifestyle factorsPreterm casesUnexplained etiologyPrenatal exposureSerum concentrationsRisk factorsPerfluorooctane sulfonateHyperthyroidism in Danish Pregnant Women During a 20-Year Period
Torp N, Liew Z, Carlé A, Karmisholt J, Pedersen I, Andersen S, Andersen S. Hyperthyroidism in Danish Pregnant Women During a 20-Year Period. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2023, 109: e370-e378. PMID: 37437100, DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad410.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDanish pregnant womenOccurrence of hyperthyroidismAntithyroid drugsPregnant womenBiochemical hyperthyroidismMandatory iodine fortification programmeNationwide register-based cohortUse of ATDsRegister-based cohortIodine fortification programGeneral Danish populationNationwide cohortAutoimmune hyperthyroidismMaternal useOdds ratioTime-related differencesHyperthyroidismBirth cohortClinical concernBaseline levelsDanish populationFortification programsPregnancyCohortYoung individualsOffspring neurodevelopmental outcomes born to parents with chronic inflammatory arthritis using antirheumatic therapies: A scoping review
Chock E, Dahal S, Grimshaw A, Suter L, Liew Z, Felson D. Offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes born to parents with chronic inflammatory arthritis using antirheumatic therapies: A scoping review. Seminars In Arthritis And Rheumatism 2023, 61: 152230. PMID: 37295300, PMCID: PMC10521166, DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152230.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic inflammatory arthritisOffspring neurodevelopmental outcomesAntirheumatic therapyNeurodevelopmental outcomesInflammatory arthritisTumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitorsNecrosis factor-alpha inhibitorsNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsEarly first trimesterOffspring health outcomesAnti-inflammatory drugsMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesPreferred Reporting ItemsWeb of ScienceAttention deficit hyperactive disorderCorticosteroid useRheumatic diseasesFirst trimesterCochrane LibraryAlpha inhibitorsStudy qualityMedication safetyFetal wellbeingIndependent reviewersMost womenAssociation Between Estimated Geocoded Residential Maternal Exposure to Lithium in Drinking Water and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring in Denmark
Liew Z, Meng Q, Yan Q, Schullehner J, Hansen B, Kristiansen S, Voutchkova D, Olsen J, Ersbøll A, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ritz B. Association Between Estimated Geocoded Residential Maternal Exposure to Lithium in Drinking Water and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring in Denmark. JAMA Pediatrics 2023, 177: 617-624. PMID: 37010840, PMCID: PMC10071398, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0346.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaternal exposureOdds ratioStratified analysisNationwide population-based case-control studyPopulation-based case-control studyDanish Medical Birth RegistryDanish Psychiatric Central RegisterAutism spectrum disorderMedical Birth RegistryNovel environmental risk factorTenth Revision codesAdverse birth outcomesControl participantsMaternal prenatal exposureMaternal residential addressBirth yearCase-control studyPsychiatric Central RegisterMood-stabilizing effectsAir pollution exposureEnvironmental risk factorsInternational Statistical ClassificationWnt/β-catenin signalingStudy teamRelated Health ProblemsResidential proximity to unconventional oil and gas development and birth defects in Ohio
Gaughan C, Sorrentino K, Liew Z, Johnson N, Clark C, Soriano M, Plano J, Plata D, Saiers J, Deziel N. Residential proximity to unconventional oil and gas development and birth defects in Ohio. Environmental Research 2023, 229: 115937. PMID: 37076028, PMCID: PMC10198955, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115937.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeural tube defectsCertain birth defectsBirth defectsOdds ratioRegistry-based cohort studyTube defectsConfidence intervalsResidential proximityState birth recordsBirth defect typeState surveillance systemsMaternal residential proximityLimb reduction defectsCohort studyUnexposed mothersStructural birth defectsLive birthsInfant sexBirth recordsSpina bifidaReduction defectsFemale offspringDevelopmental toxicantsExposure metricsCerebral Palsy and Maternal Injury During Pregnancy
Liew Z, Zhuo H. Cerebral Palsy and Maternal Injury During Pregnancy. JAMA Pediatrics 2023, 177: 10-11. PMID: 36441524, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4541.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California
Zhou L, Meng Q, von Ehrenstein O, Xiao J, Gao Y, Wu Y, Ritz B, Liew Z. Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2022, 255: 147-153.e6. PMID: 36372095, PMCID: PMC10121738, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.10.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral palsyPaternal ageGreater riskPreterm birthMaternal ageParental ageRisk of CPYoung maternal ageBirth certificate recordsCase-control studyTime of deliveryChildren of mothersOlder paternal ageCP diagnosisPreterm deliveryOffspring riskCertificate recordsCP casesCP riskSingleton controlsAge 20Older mothersAge 25Older ageChildhood risk
2019
Use of Negative Control Exposure Analysis to Evaluate Confounding: An Example of Acetaminophen Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Nurses’ Health Study II
Liew Z, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Roberts AL, O’Reilly É, Ascherio A, Weisskopf MG. Use of Negative Control Exposure Analysis to Evaluate Confounding: An Example of Acetaminophen Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Nurses’ Health Study II. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2019, 188: 768-775. PMID: 30923825, PMCID: PMC6438812, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderHealth Study II cohortMaternal acetaminophen useHealth Study IIAcetaminophen useAcetaminophen exposureNurses' Health Study II cohortNurses' Health Study IIPrenatal acetaminophen exposureHyperactivity disorderChildhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTime of pregnancyExposure periodBiennial questionnairesMaternal useObservational studyDrug safetyStudy IIPrior reportsExposure approachPregnancyAcetaminophenCohortChildrenAssociation
2018
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Birth Outcomes; An Updated Analysis from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Meng Q, Inoue K, Ritz B, Olsen J, Liew Z. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Birth Outcomes; An Updated Analysis from the Danish National Birth Cohort. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health 2018, 15: 1832. PMID: 30149566, PMCID: PMC6164159, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091832.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDanish National Birth CohortLow birth weightNational Birth CohortBirth weightPreterm birthBirth outcomesPFASs exposureBirth cohortPrenatal PFASs exposureMaternal plasma concentrationsAdverse birth outcomesPerfluorononanoic acidPerfluorodecanoic acidWidespread industrial pollutantsPerfluoroalkyl substancesPerfluorooctanoate exposureGestational ageHighest quartileInfant pairsEarly pregnancyFetal growthPrenatal exposurePerfluoroheptane sulfonatePlasma concentrationsElevated riskPrenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Scores at Age 5; a Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Liew Z, Ritz B, Bach CC, Asarnow RF, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Scores at Age 5; a Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2018, 126: 067004. PMID: 29897723, PMCID: PMC6084884, DOI: 10.1289/ehp2754.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDevelopmental Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): An Update of Associated Health Outcomes
Liew Z, Goudarzi H, Oulhote Y. Developmental Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): An Update of Associated Health Outcomes. Current Environmental Health Reports 2018, 5: 1-19. PMID: 29556975, PMCID: PMC6348874, DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0173-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth outcomesPostnatal growthAssociated health outcomesPurpose of ReviewWePerfluoroalkyl substancesPlacenta transferBirth outcomesPotential health effectsPostnatal exposureImmunomodulatory effectsPrenatal exposureEpidemiological evidenceEpidemiological findingsDevelopmental exposureImmune functionAnimal studiesPossible associationNeurodevelopmental endpointsAdverse effectsHealth effectsHuman exposureOutcomesExposureBreastfeedingHome environmentHow to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies
Nohr EA, Liew Z. How to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2018, 97: 407-416. PMID: 29415329, DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCohort studyDanish National Birth CohortSelection biasLong-term followNational Birth CohortLongitudinal cohort studyCase-control studySubsequent follow upsExposure-outcome associationsTraditional epidemiological approachesPreventable causeFollow-upInverse probability weightingBirth cohortInitial participation rateStudy designEpidemiological approachLimited dataCohortDiseaseBias analysisProbability weightingParticipation ratesParticipantsLess disease
2016
Prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in the first decades of life: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark and Sweden
Yu Y, Cnattingius S, Olsen J, Parner E, Vestergaard M, Liew Z, Zhao N, Li J. Prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in the first decades of life: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark and Sweden. Psychological Medicine 2016, 47: 389-400. PMID: 27762181, DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600266x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrenatal maternal bereavementMaternal bereavementMortality riskCohort studyIncreased long-term mortality riskPopulation-based cohort studyLong-term mortality riskNationwide cohort studyLong-term mortalityCause mortality riskExcess mortality riskChildren of mothersFetal programming hypothesisYears of ageYears of lifeEndocrine/Stressful life eventsFetal deathSingleton birthsMedical conditionsProgramming hypothesisHigh riskUnnatural causesCongenital malformationsPrenatal stress
2015
Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: A Danish national birth cohort study
Liew Z, Ritz B, Virk J, Olsen J. Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: A Danish national birth cohort study. Autism Research 2015, 9: 951-958. PMID: 26688372, DOI: 10.1002/aur.1591.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetaminophenAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesComorbidityDenmarkFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRiskStatistics as TopicConceptsRisk of ASDHyperkinetic symptomsAcetaminophen useHazard ratioDanish National Birth CohortCox proportional hazards modelHyperactive behavioral phenotypesAutism spectrum disorderEnd of followNational Birth CohortComputer-assisted telephone interviewsProportional hazards modelInfantile autismConfident intervalFever medicationPsychiatric RegistryPrenatal useProspective dataMaternal useHyperkinetic disorderAcetaminophen exposureFetal lifeHazards modelDiagnosis of ASDBirth cohort