2024
Prior tuberculosis, radiographic lung abnormalities and prevalent diabetes in rural South Africa
Castle A, Moosa Y, Claassen H, Shenoi S, Magodoro I, Manne-Goehler J, Hanekom W, Bassett I, Wong E, Siedner M. Prior tuberculosis, radiographic lung abnormalities and prevalent diabetes in rural South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases 2024, 24: 690. PMID: 38992607, PMCID: PMC11238449, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09583-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrevalent diabetesChest X-rayChest X-ray abnormalitiesX-ray abnormalitiesOdds of prevalent diabetesHemoglobin A1c testingPost-TB lung diseaseHistory of TB diseaseAssociated with prevalent diabetesPulmonary abnormalitiesExposure of interestRural South AfricaPrevalence of diabetesTB diseaseCohort of peopleCAD4TBMethodsWe analyzed dataCross-sectional studyCompare groupsLogistic regression modelsIncidence of diabetesDiabetes prevalenceA1c testingConclusionsAmong peopleDigital chest X-ray
2023
Prioritizing persons deprived of liberty in global guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment
Narayan A, Salindri A, Keshavjee S, Muyoyeta M, Velen K, Rueda Z, Croda J, Charalambous S, García-Basteiro A, Shenoi S, Gonçalves C, da Silva L, Possuelo L, Aguirre S, Estigarribia G, Sequera G, Grandjean L, Telisinghe L, Herce M, Dockhorn F, Altice F, Andrews J. Prioritizing persons deprived of liberty in global guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment. PLOS Medicine 2023, 20: e1004288. PMID: 37788448, PMCID: PMC10547494, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCommunity health workers can be trained to identify patients eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy, but encounter barriers to programme implementation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Norton S, Moll A, Madi J, Nkomo N, Brooks R, Andrews L, Shenoi S. Community health workers can be trained to identify patients eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy, but encounter barriers to programme implementation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal Of AIDS Research 2023, 22: 131-135. PMID: 37337826, DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2023.2213213.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCommunity Health WorkersHIV InfectionsHumansNoncommunicable DiseasesSouth AfricaTuberculosisConceptsTuberculosis preventive therapyCommunity health workersLargest HIV epidemicCause of deathNon-communicable diseasesHealth workersPreventive therapyRural resource-limited settingsHigh TB incidence ratesFurther implementation researchTB incidence rateRate of referralResource-limited settingsMedian ageTreatment initiationHIV epidemicIncidence rateRural South AfricaHIVInfectious diseasesTuberculosisImplementation researchScreening resultsDiseasePatientsPerceived stigma related to TB preventive therapy
Palacios C, Hough M, Shrestha R, Moll A, Kompala T, Andrews L, Shenoi S. Perceived stigma related to TB preventive therapy. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2023, 27: 209-214. PMID: 36855038, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0570.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB preventative therapyTB preventive therapyAnonymous cross-sectional surveyBurden of TBCommunity-dwelling adultsRural South African communityCross-sectional surveyPreventive therapyMean agePreventative therapyEndemic settingsPatient's familyKruskal-Wallis testStigma scoresRural South AfricaPoisson regressionNovel interventionsSouth African communityTherapyLess stigmaDescriptive statisticsFamily membersStigmaTBTwo-factor solutionScaling up evidence-based approaches to tuberculosis screening in prisons
Charalambous S, Velen K, Rueda Z, Croda J, Herce M, Shenoi S, Altice F, Muyoyeta M, Telisinghe L, Grandjean L, Keshavjee S, Andrews J. Scaling up evidence-based approaches to tuberculosis screening in prisons. The Lancet Public Health 2023, 8: e305-e310. PMID: 36780916, DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00002-6.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsIncidence of tuberculosisCase-finding strategyHigh tuberculosis burdenMinistry of HealthEvidence-based approachTuberculosis burdenTreatment cascadeTuberculosis screeningTuberculosis notificationsTuberculosis diagnosisGeneral populationCare programDiagnostic strategiesTuberculosisEvidence baseSystematic screeningHigh rateIncidenceScreeningSetting
2022
Perceptions, preferences, and experiences of tuberculosis education and counselling among patients and providers in Kampala, Uganda: A qualitative study
Ayakaka I, Armstrong-Hough M, Hannaford A, Ggita JM, Turimumahoro P, Katamba A, Katahoire A, Cattamanchi A, Shenoi SV, Davis JL. Perceptions, preferences, and experiences of tuberculosis education and counselling among patients and providers in Kampala, Uganda: A qualitative study. Global Public Health 2022, 17: 2911-2928. PMID: 35442147, PMCID: PMC11005908, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.2000629.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV clinicPatient knowledgeTuberculosis educationHealth workersPrimary care facilitiesFront-line providersPeer educator modelTB educationTB patientsBurden settingsMedication adherenceUndergoing evaluationCare facilitiesPatientsLack of timePeer educatorsCommunity-engaged researchClinicCounsellingFocus group discussionsTBAdherenceQualitative studyKampalaProviders
2021
Alcohol Use and the Risk of Communicable Diseases
Morojele NK, Shenoi SV, Shuper PA, Braithwaite RS, Rehm J. Alcohol Use and the Risk of Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2021, 13: 3317. PMID: 34684318, PMCID: PMC8540096, DOI: 10.3390/nu13103317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunicable diseasesTreatment outcomesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Respiratory infection/pneumoniaAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Alcohol useDisability-adjusted life yearsSyndrome coronavirus 2Poor treatment outcomesCOVID-19 infectionAlcohol use disorderGlobal health concernIndividual-level interventionsDifferent communicable diseasesTB deathsImmunodeficiency virusCoronavirus 2Severe illnessUse disordersPneumoniaHeavy drinkersLife yearsHIV researchTuberculosisStructural barriers to implementing recommended tuberculosis preventive treatment in primary care clinics in rural South Africa
Chandra DK, Moll AP, Altice FL, Didomizio E, Andrews L, Shenoi SV. Structural barriers to implementing recommended tuberculosis preventive treatment in primary care clinics in rural South Africa. Global Public Health 2021, 17: 555-568. PMID: 33650939, PMCID: PMC8410883, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1892793.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculosis preventive treatmentPrimary healthcare clinicsTPT initiationWorld Health OrganizationAntiretroviral therapyPreventive treatmentRural South AfricaHIV/TB servicesBurden of HIVOnly independent correlatePrimary care clinicsClinic-level factorsPatient-level characteristicsPrimary care providersHealth Services frameworkEvidence-based strategiesQuality improvement strategiesTB servicesClinical factorsCare clinicsIndependent correlatesMedical recordsPromoting ActionCare providersHealthcare clinicsFactors associated with low tuberculosis preventive therapy prescription rates among health care workers in rural South Africa
Ahmed AA, Grammatico M, Moll AP, Malinga S, Makhunga P, Charalambous S, Ladines-Lim JB, Jones J, Choi K, Shenoi SV. Factors associated with low tuberculosis preventive therapy prescription rates among health care workers in rural South Africa. Global Health Action 2021, 14: 1979281. PMID: 34652990, PMCID: PMC8525921, DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1979281.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculosis preventive therapyHealth care workersPrimary healthcare clinicsLower prescription ratesPrescription ratesRural South AfricaCare workersIsoniazid preventative therapyIncidence of tuberculosisCross-sectional studyGovernment district hospitalsPreventive therapyMedian ageMultivariable analysisPreventative therapyDistrict hospitalHealthcare clinicsHCW trainingPatient disclosureTPT useConsolidated FrameworkLogistic regressionImplementation researchSelf-reported dataPrescribers
2019
Opportunities for community health workers to contribute to global efforts to end tuberculosis
Sinha P, Shenoi SV, Friedland GH. Opportunities for community health workers to contribute to global efforts to end tuberculosis. Global Public Health 2019, 15: 474-484. PMID: 31516079, PMCID: PMC7028491, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1663361.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Synergism between diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus in increasing the risk of tuberculosis
Sinha P, Moll AP, Brooks RP, Deng YH, Shenoi SV. Synergism between diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus in increasing the risk of tuberculosis. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2018, 22: 793-799. PMID: 29914606, PMCID: PMC6050202, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0936.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of tuberculosisDiabetes mellitusTB symptomsOdds ratioHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusCommunity health screeningCross-sectional studyCommunity health projectsActive tuberculosisHIV infectionHIV positivityPrimary outcomeImmunodeficiency virusScreening servicesHealth screeningCongregate settingsVirus infectionResource-limited regionsMultiplicative scaleHIVMultivariate analysisRetrospective dataTuberculosis
2017
“It’s about my life”: facilitators of and barriers to isoniazid preventive therapy completion among people living with HIV in rural South Africa
Jacobson KB, Niccolai L, Mtungwa N, Moll AP, Shenoi SV. “It’s about my life”: facilitators of and barriers to isoniazid preventive therapy completion among people living with HIV in rural South Africa. AIDS Care 2017, 29: 936-942. PMID: 28147705, PMCID: PMC5545149, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1283390.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAmbulatory Care FacilitiesAntitubercular AgentsCounselingFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth Services AccessibilityHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceInterviews as TopicIsoniazidMalePatient ComplianceQualitative ResearchRural PopulationSocial StigmaSouth AfricaTrustTuberculosisConceptsIsoniazid preventive therapyIPT completionPreventive roleAbsence of symptomsHealth care workersKnowledge of TBHealth service deliveryResource-limited settingsHealth care systemRural KwaZulu-NatalAntiretroviral therapyHIV patientsHIV diagnosisPreventive therapyTherapy completionTB incidenceAppropriate counselingHealthcare workersIndividual patientsCare workersRural South AfricaHIVPatientsUnrelated conditionsIndividual semi-structured interviews
2016
Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa
Gilbert JA, Shenoi SV, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP. Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2016, 11: e0165614. PMID: 27906986, PMCID: PMC5131994, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165614.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIVTB/HIV controlHIV screeningHIV controlRural South AfricaLife yearsMonths of IPTMost life yearsHigh-incidence settingsWidespread prevalenceCost-effectiveness resultsProbabilistic sensitivity analysesHIV transmissionHigh burdenTreatment coverageUnknown patientsHIVHealthcare accessDrug resistanceActive casesMonthsLifetime usePatientsYearsScreening
2015
Successful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among HIV/TB Coinfected Patients Down-Referred from a District Hospital to Primary Health Clinics in Rural South Africa
Jacobson KB, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Shenoi SV. Successful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among HIV/TB Coinfected Patients Down-Referred from a District Hospital to Primary Health Clinics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0127024. PMID: 25993636, PMCID: PMC4438008, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB treatment outcomesTB/HIVTreatment outcomesHIV clinicDistrict hospitalRetained patientsTreatment completionTreatment successRural South AfricaSuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomeMajor public health threatDrug-susceptible TBHospital HIV clinicLinkage of careTB treatment completionTB treatment initiationTB treatment servicesTuberculosis treatment outcomesHIV/TBBaseline disease severityNew TB casesPrimary health clinicsPrimary care levelSpecific clinical criteriaHigher treatment successIntegrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa
Gilbert JA, Long EF, Brooks RP, Friedland GH, Moll AP, Townsend JP, Galvani AP, Shenoi SV. Integrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0126267. PMID: 25938501, PMCID: PMC4418809, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126267.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIVHIV control strategiesMDR-TBXDR-TBHIV deathsHIV casesHIV epidemicRural South AfricaTB/HIV casesTB treatment delayIsoniazid preventive therapyDrug-resistant TBHIV treatment programsTreatment cure ratesHIV case findingHIV control effortsNovel screening programPreventive therapyTB casesTB treatmentTreatment delayHIV transmissionCure rateQuestionnaire's sensitivityScreening program
2014
Active case finding for tuberculosis among people who inject drugs on methadone treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Gupta A, Mbwambo J, Mteza I, Shenoi S, Lambdin B, Nyandindi C, Doula BI, Mfaume S, Bruce RD. Active case finding for tuberculosis among people who inject drugs on methadone treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2014, 18: 793-798. PMID: 24902554, PMCID: PMC4506927, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0208.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWorld Health OrganizationActive casesTB prevalenceCase findingMore TB symptomsNew TB casesSymptom-based questionnaireActive case findingPopulation of PWIDTuberculosis case detectionHigh occupational riskTB symptomsTB casesMedian ageTB controlMethadone treatmentHuman immunodeficiencyMethadone clientsCase detectionOccupational riskPrevalenceHealth OrganizationDar es SalaamPWIDDrugs
2013
Transmission of Tuberculosis in Resource-Limited Settings
Kompala T, Shenoi SV, Friedland G. Transmission of Tuberculosis in Resource-Limited Settings. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2013, 10: 264-272. PMID: 23824469, PMCID: PMC3809054, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0164-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant TBTB transmissionCommunity settingsInfection controlHigh HIV prevalenceInfection control practicesTransmission of tuberculosisHousehold contact tracingResource limited settingsHealth care facilitiesResource-constrained settingsHIV prevalenceTB epidemicContinued transmissionCommon siteUnrecognized transmissionContact tracingCommunity sitesControl practicesHold promiseRecent studiesTransmission reductionIntensive caseSettingTBNatural ventilation reduces high TB transmission risk in traditional homes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Lygizos M, Shenoi SV, Brooks RP, Bhushan A, Brust J, Zelterman D, Deng Y, Northrup V, Moll AP, Friedland GH. Natural ventilation reduces high TB transmission risk in traditional homes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13: 300. PMID: 23815441, PMCID: PMC3716713, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-300.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB transmission riskInfectious TB patientsTransmission riskTB patientsRural South AfricaDrug-resistant TBTB control effortsHealth care facilitiesPaucity of dataHousehold settingsRural KwaZulu-NatalPrevalent TBResistant TBTB transmissionCare facilitiesMultivariate analysisHIV areasVentilationAChSignificant decreaseWells-Riley equationPatientsRiskLow ventilationHour period
2011
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among hospitalised patients with tuberculosis in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Heysell SK, Shenoi SV, Catterick K, Thomas TA, Friedland G. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among hospitalised patients with tuberculosis in rural KwaZulu-Natal. South African Medical Journal 2011, 101: 332-334. PMID: 21837877, PMCID: PMC3628595, DOI: 10.7196/samj.4462.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusTB wardsNasal carriageMRSA isolatesNasal swabsImpact of MRSAMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriageStaphylococcus aureus nasal carriageLow CD4 countRural African hospitalAureus nasal carriageHours of admissionMRSA nasal carriageGovernment district hospitalsStandard disk diffusionImportant nosocomial pathogenRural KwaZulu-NatalAdmission swabCD4 countHospitalised patientsMRSA carriageNosocomial acquisitionTB patientsPrevious hospitalisationMedical charts
2010
Transmission of Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and the Critical Importance of Airborne Infection Control in the Era of HIV Infection and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Rollouts
Shenoi SV, Escombe AR, Friedland G. Transmission of Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and the Critical Importance of Airborne Infection Control in the Era of HIV Infection and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Rollouts. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010, 50: s231-s237. PMID: 20397953, PMCID: PMC3029014, DOI: 10.1086/651496.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfection control strategiesResource-limited settingsHIV infectionInfection controlActive antiretroviral therapy rolloutHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionAntiretroviral therapy rolloutTransmission of drugDrug-resistant TBImmunodeficiency virus infectionDrug-resistant tuberculosisHealth care workersAirborne infection controlNosocomial transmissionTuberculosis careVirus infectionCare workersInfectionCurrent outbreakHigh rateTBPotential benefitsMorbidityHIVTuberculosis