2007
Explaining Racial Disparities in Incidence of and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Galea S, Blaney S, Nandi A, Silverman R, Vlahov D, Foltin G, Kusick M, Tunik M, Richmond N. Explaining Racial Disparities in Incidence of and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2007, 166: 534-543. PMID: 17584756, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-adjusted survivalInitial cardiac rhythmHospital cardiac arrestCardiac arrestCardiac rhythmAge-adjusted relative oddsEthnic disparitiesPrior functional statusProspective observational studyAge-adjusted incidenceEmergency medical services responseLikelihood of receiptFull multivariable modelOOHCA patientsHospital dischargeConsecutive casesFunctional statusCardiopulmonary resuscitationMultivariable modelObservational studyVentricular fibrillationLow prevalenceRelative oddsOOHCARacial disparities
2001
Initial Plasma HIV-1 RNA Levels and Progression to AIDS in Women and Men
Sterling T, Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Hoover D, Margolick J, Quinn T. Initial Plasma HIV-1 RNA Levels and Progression to AIDS in Women and Men. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 720-725. PMID: 11236775, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103083441003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionDisease-Free SurvivalEligibility DeterminationFemaleHIV AntibodiesHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansLongitudinal StudiesMalePractice Guidelines as TopicRegression AnalysisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRiskRNA, ViralSex FactorsViral LoadConceptsInitial viral loadMedian initial viral loadHIV-1 RNAViral loadLymphocyte countHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionPlasma HIV-1 RNA levelsHIV-1 RNA levelsHIV-1 RNA copiesFemale injection drug usersVirus type 1 infectionHIV-1 seroconversionMedian initial CD4Risk of progressionHIV-1 infectionType 1 infectionInjection drug usersLikelihood of progressionRate of progressionAntiretroviral therapyInitial CD4Hazard ratioAntiretroviral treatmentTreatment guidelinesImmunodeficiency syndrome
1999
Reduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5-delta32 mutation.
Dean M, Jacobson L, McFarlane G, Margolick J, Jenkins F, Howard O, Dong H, Goedert J, Buchbinder S, Gomperts E, Vlahov D, Oppenheim J, O'Brien S, Carrington M. Reduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5-delta32 mutation. Cancer Research 1999, 59: 3561-4. PMID: 10446961.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsB-LymphocytesCase-Control StudiesChemokine CCL5Cohort StudiesGene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHIV-1HumansLymphoma, AIDS-RelatedMalePoint MutationReceptors, CCR5RiskSarcoma, KaposiSequence DeletionTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateWhite PeopleConceptsNon-Hodgkin lymphomaB cellsAIDS lymphomasCCR5 geneRisk of NHLMulticenter AIDS Cohort StudyCCR5 ligand RANTEST-cell declineAIDS Cohort StudyCCR5-Delta32 alleleB-cell lymphomaCase-control analysisCCR5-Delta32 mutationChemokine receptor genesCCR5 chemokine receptor geneTime of infectionLigand RANTESTime AIDSCohort studyOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsCommon malignancyKaposi's sarcomaNHL casesProliferative response
1997
Long-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression
Alcabes P, Pezzotti P, Phillips A, Rezza G, Vlahov D. Long-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1997, 146: 543-551. PMID: 9326431, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPSP cohortRelative riskSeroincident cohortHIV infectionPrevalent cohortAIDS riskAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosisHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDisease Control case definitionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progressionImmunodeficiency syndrome diagnosisImmunodeficiency virus infectionPrevalent HIV infectionProportional hazards regressionAmbulatory care clinicsRate of progressionStudies of cohortsItalian National RegistryAIDS-free subjectsObserved relative riskSeroconversion datesHIV seroconversionCare clinicsHazards regressionNational registry
1994
Correlates of attitudes concerning human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among hospital workers
Gershon R, Curbow B, Kelen G, Celantano D, Lears K, Vlahov D. Correlates of attitudes concerning human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among hospital workers. American Journal Of Infection Control 1994, 22: 293-299. PMID: 7847636, DOI: 10.1016/0196-6553(94)90016-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigher knowledge scoresMode of transmissionGeneral AIDS knowledgeHospital workersKnowledge scoreOccupational riskAIDS knowledgeClinical workersHuman immunodeficiency virusCross-sectional studyInner-city hospitalHIV infectionImmunodeficiency syndromeAcute careImmunodeficiency virusModifiable factorsNonclinical workersHigher scoresResponse rateCorrelates of attitudesHIVAIDSLow levelsHospital employeesScores
1990
HIV INFECTION RISK TO NONHEALTH-CARE WORKERS
Gershon R, Vlahov D, Nelson K. HIV INFECTION RISK TO NONHEALTH-CARE WORKERS. AIHA Journal 1990, 51: a-807-a-809. PMID: 2270827, DOI: 10.1080/15298669091370338.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHIV INFECTION RISK TO HEALTH-CARE WORKERS
Gershon R, Vlahov D. HIV INFECTION RISK TO HEALTH-CARE WORKERS. AIHA Journal 1990, 51: a-802-a-806. PMID: 2270826, DOI: 10.1080/15298669091370329.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth care workersCurrent infection control proceduresHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionOccupational HIV infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfection control proceduresHIV infection riskParenteral exposureHIV infectionNeedlestick injuriesAccidental needlestickVirus infectionInfection riskHIVStrict adherenceInfectionRiskExposureNeedlestickInjuryWorkers
1986
On Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery: A Risk Factor for Wound Infection
Lilienfeld D, Vlahov D, Tenney J, McLaughlin J. On Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery: A Risk Factor for Wound Infection. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery 1986, 42: 670-674. PMID: 3789857, DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)64605-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiac surgeryWound infectionClindamycin prophylaxisMedian sternotomy wound infectionEfficacy of prophylaxisPenicillin-allergic patientsSternotomy wound infectionAdult cardiac proceduresOdds ratio estimatesAntibiotic prophylaxisSternotomy infectionsRetrospective studyCardiac proceduresInfected patientsClindamycin administrationRisk factorsRelative riskMaryland hospitalsProphylaxisPatientsAlternative antibioticsInfectionSurgeryEndocarditisStaphylococcus epidermidis
1985
Wide variation in risk of wound infection following clean neurosurgery. Implications for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
Tenney J, Vlahov D, Salcman M, Ducker T. Wide variation in risk of wound infection following clean neurosurgery. Implications for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1985, 62: 243-7. PMID: 3968563, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0243.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeep wound infectionPerioperative antibiotic prophylaxisPostoperative wound infectionWound infectionAntibiotic prophylaxisClean neurosurgeryDeep wound infection rateClean neurosurgical proceduresWound infection rateClean neurosurgical operationsPerioperative antibioticsSuch prophylaxisRepeat operationHigh-risk operationsRecurrent gliomaInfection ratePotential efficacyProphylaxisGreater riskInfectionNeurosurgical proceduresNeurosurgical operationsOverall ratePatientsCraniotomy
1984
Neurosurgical Wound Infections
Vlahov D, Montgomery E, Tenney J, KahnEisenberg S. Neurosurgical Wound Infections. Journal Of Neuroscience Nursing 1984, 16: 128-133. PMID: 6564139, DOI: 10.1097/01376517-198406000-00003.Peer-Reviewed Original Research