2002
Steroids for acute spinal cord injury
Bracken M. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. 2002, cd001046. PMID: 12137616, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001046.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsHumansMethylprednisolone HemisuccinateNeuroprotective AgentsSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryHours of injuryCord injuryMethylprednisolone therapySteroid treatmentPharmacological therapyRandomized trialsRecent trialsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyHigh-dose methylprednisolone steroid therapySpinal Cord Injury StudyMotor neurologic functionOnly pharmacological therapyNorth American trialsLumbar disc diseaseStart of treatmentMethylprednisolone sodium succinateCochrane Injuries GroupYears post injurySteroid therapyMaintenance infusionDose regimenInjury group
2001
Summary Statement: The Sygen® (GM-1 Ganglioside) Clinical Trial in Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Fehlings M, Bracken M. Summary Statement: The Sygen® (GM-1 Ganglioside) Clinical Trial in Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Spine 2001, 26: s99-s100. PMID: 11805615, DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112151-00016.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersMethylprednisolone and Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Bracken M. Methylprednisolone and Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Spine 2001, 26: s47-s54. PMID: 11805609, DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112151-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryCord injuryMethodologic qualitySystematic reviewImproved functional recoveryHigh methodologic qualityNeurologic recoveryClinical recoveryPharmacologic therapyFunctional recoveryRandomized trialsInjury trialsCochrane LibraryEffective therapySurgical trialsEarly treatmentFurther trialsTherapeutic interventionsInjuryMeSH headingsMethylprednisoloneScore improvementPatientsEvidence baseHigh dose methylprednisolone must be given for 24 or 48 hours after acute spinal cord injury
Bracken M. High dose methylprednisolone must be given for 24 or 48 hours after acute spinal cord injury. The BMJ 2001, 322: 862. PMID: 11290648, PMCID: PMC1120025, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.322.7290.862/b.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2000
Methylprednisolone and spinal cord injury.
Bracken M. Methylprednisolone and spinal cord injury. Journal Of Neurosurgery 2000, 93: 175-9. PMID: 10879779, DOI: 10.3171/spi.2000.93.1.0175.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersClinical Measurement, Statistical Analysis, and Risk-Benefit: Controversies from Trials of Spinal Injury
Bracken M, Aldrich E, Herr D, Hitchon P, Holford T, Marshall L, Nockels R, Pascale V, Shepard M, Sonntag V, Winn H, Young W. Clinical Measurement, Statistical Analysis, and Risk-Benefit: Controversies from Trials of Spinal Injury. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2000, 48: 558-561. PMID: 10744306, DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200003000-00036.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudyClinical measurementsHigh-dose methylprednisoloneSecondary neuronal damageSpinal cord injuryRisk benefitNeuronal damageFunctional recoverySafety profileCord injuryPharmacologic agentsSpinal injuryInjury studiesInnovative therapiesTrialsStatistical analysisInjuryMulticenterMethylprednisoloneSeries of trialsTherapyPrevention
1999
Magnetic resonance imaging and neurological recovery in acute spinal cord injury: observations from the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study 3
Shepard M, Bracken M. Magnetic resonance imaging and neurological recovery in acute spinal cord injury: observations from the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study 3. Spinal Cord 1999, 37: 833-837. PMID: 10602525, DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100927.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryCord injuryMotor functionResonance imagingSpinal cord injury centerBlind clinical trialInitial neurological examinationInitial clinical examinationLight touch sensationComplete cord injurySpinal cord surgeryMultiple logistic regressionNational InstitutePresence of edemaComplete injuryNeurological recoveryRandomized patientsStudy drugCord edemaNeurological statusCord surgeryNeurological examinationNeurological assessment
1998
Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial.
Bracken M, Shepard M, Holford T, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich E, Fazl M, Fehlings M, Herr D, Hitchon P, Marshall L, Nockels R, Pascale V, Perot P, Piepmeier J, Sonntag V, Wagner F, Wilberger J, Winn H, Young W. Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1998, 89: 699-706. PMID: 9817404, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1998.89.5.0699.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryHours of injuryCord injuryFunctional recoveryRandomized double-blind clinical trialMortality rate 1 yearDouble-blind clinical trialMotor function recoveryMP regimenMotor recoveryMP therapyTherapy 3Neurological gradeMorbidity rateSphincter controlFunction recoveryMethylprednisolone regimenClinical trialsMedical factorsTreatment groupsPatientsRegimenInjurySelf-Care
1997
Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, Fehlings M, Herr DL, Hitchon PW, Marshall LF, Nockels RP, Pascale V, Perot PL, Piepmeier J, Sonntag VK, Wagner F, Wilberger JE, Winn HR, Young W. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997, 277: 1597-604. PMID: 9168289, DOI: 10.1001/jama.277.20.1597.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyFunctional Independence MeasureHours of injuryCord injuryTirilazad groupRegimen groupMethylprednisolone infusionAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injury centerEfficacy of methylprednisoloneImproved motor recoveryMotor recovery rateAdministration of methylprednisoloneMotor function changesSteroid therapyMethylprednisolone groupSevere sepsisTirilazad mesylateMotor recoveryControlled TrialsInitial presentationIntravenous bolusInternational Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury
Maynard F, Bracken M, Creasey G, Jr J, Donovan W, Ducker T, Garber S, Marino R, Stover S, Tator C, Waters R, Wilberger J, Young W. International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Spinal Cord 1997, 35: 266-274. PMID: 9160449, DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100432.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1994
The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment.
Duh M, Shepard M, Wilberger J, Bracken M. The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment. Neurosurgery 1994, 35: 240-8; discussion 248-9. PMID: 7969831, DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199408000-00009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryPharmacological treatmentSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudySevere spinal cord injuryTraumatic spinal cord injuryValue of surgeryRole of surgeryEffectiveness of surgerySpinal cord surgeryNASCIS IINeurological improvementEarly surgeryIncomplete injuriesNeurological recoveryNeurological scoreLate surgeryCord surgeryRandomized studySurgical treatmentMotor scoresThe effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2
Shepard M, Bracken M. The effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2. Spinal Cord 1994, 32: 236-245. PMID: 8022633, DOI: 10.1038/sc.1994.43.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryLiver enzymesDrug protocolsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyStudy drug infusionEnzyme levelsLiver enzyme levelsEffect of methylprednisoloneSpinal cord traumaDays post infusionSeverity of injuryTotal bilirubin testsSteroid protocolCord traumaLiver functionSpinal cordDrug infusionPost infusionInjury studiesLarge dosesBilirubin testInjury
1993
Effects of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long-tract neurological function in NASCIS 2.
Bracken M, Holford T. Effects of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long-tract neurological function in NASCIS 2. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1993, 79: 500-7. PMID: 8410217, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1993.79.4.0500.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDrug Administration ScheduleHumansInjury Severity ScoreMethylprednisoloneNaloxoneNervous SystemSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNeurological recoveryIncomplete injuriesNeurological functionNaloxone administrationClinical managementAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyHigh-dose methylprednisoloneLong spinal tractsHours of injuryUltimate therapeutic goalInjury levelConsiderable clinical significanceNarrow treatment windowMethylprednisolone treatmentSpinal tractClinical significanceSegmental functionInjury studiesTherapeutic goalsTreatment windowMethylprednisoloneHigh dosesInjuryPharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future projects.
Bracken M. Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future projects. Journal Of Emergency Medicine 1993, 11 Suppl 1: 43-8. PMID: 8445202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFemaleHumansInjury Severity ScoreMaleMethylprednisoloneMiddle AgedMotor ActivityNaloxoneSensationSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryCord injurySecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyEffectiveness of methylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone-treated patientsRecovery of motorHours of injuryLevel of injuryMethylprednisolone groupPinprick sensationTirilazad mesylateMethylprednisolone infusionGlucocorticoid activityInitial bolusNeurological functionPharmacological treatmentMotor functionSpinal cordInjury studiesSensory functionInjury
1992
The Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Young W, Bracken M. The Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Journal Of Neurotrauma 1992, 9 Suppl 1: s397-405. PMID: 1588630.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDrug Administration ScheduleHumansMethylprednisoloneMotor ActivitySensationSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injuryNeurologic scoresCord injuryInjury studiesHuman spinal cord injurySpinal cord injury careSevere spinal cord injuryBeneficial effectsSignificant beneficial effectNeurologic recoverySuch patientsPatient populationInjury careLumbosacral segmentsFunctional assessmentLesion siteInjury severityPatientsSensory functionMultivariate analysisMethylprednisolonePharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future prospects
Bracken M. Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future prospects. Spinal Cord 1992, 30: 102-107. PMID: 1589282, DOI: 10.1038/sc.1992.34.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMethylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Bracken M, Shepard M, Collins W, Holford T, Baskin D, Eisenberg H, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon J, Marshall L, Perot P, Piepmeier J, Sonntag V, Wagner F, Wilberger J, Winn H, Young W. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1992, 76: 23-31. PMID: 1727165, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1992.76.1.0023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHours of injuryAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryNaloxone treatmentCord injuryMotor functionSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord traumaPreservation of motorTrial of methylprednisoloneSpinal cord traumaTotal sensoryPlacebo groupCord traumaNeurological functionStudy doseEmergency roomMethylprednisoloneInjury studiesMortality ratePatientsSensory functionA model for estimating level and net severity of spinal cord injuries
Holford T, Bracken M. A model for estimating level and net severity of spinal cord injuries. Statistics In Medicine 1992, 11: 1171-1186. PMID: 1509218, DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780110904.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudyDetailed neurological assessmentNeurologic functionNeurological assessmentMotor assessmentInjury studiesOverall severityInjurySeverityScoresLevelsEpidemiology
1991
Treatment of acute spinal cord injury with methylprednisolone: results of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial.
Bracken M. Treatment of acute spinal cord injury with methylprednisolone: results of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Journal Of Neurotrauma 1991, 8 Suppl 1: s47-50; discussion s51-2. PMID: 1920461.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseDouble-Blind MethodHumansMethylprednisoloneNaloxoneNeurologic ExaminationSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryCord injuryAdministration of methylprednisoloneApparent contraindicationsNeurological improvementClinical trialsPermanent paralysisMethylprednisoloneLow dosesInjuryAdministrationDosesTrialsTreatmentMulticenterPlaceboContraindicationsNaloxoneParalysisDose
1990
Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury
Leake G, Pascale V, Alfano S, Bracken M. Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy 1990, 47: 1977-1978. PMID: 2220844, DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/47.9.1977.Peer-Reviewed Original Research