2013
Determinants of anemia in postpartum HIV-negative women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Petraro P, Duggan C, Urassa W, Msamanga G, Makubi A, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW. Determinants of anemia in postpartum HIV-negative women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2013, 67: 708-717. PMID: 23612515, PMCID: PMC3775569, DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.71.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyCD4 Lymphocyte CountDietDietary SupplementsErythrocyte IndicesFemaleFolic AcidHemoglobinsHIV InfectionsHumansIron, DietaryMaternal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMultivariate AnalysisPostpartum PeriodPregnancyProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsTanzaniaConceptsIron/folate supplementationIron deficiency anemiaDeterminants of anemiaDeficiency anemiaFolate supplementationDelivery complicationsPregnant womenRisk factorsMultivariate Cox proportional hazards modelNon-anemic pregnant womenCox proportional hazards modelCD4 cell countHIV-negative womenModifiable risk factorsProspective cohort studyMaternal nutritional statusWeeks of gestationManagement of infectionsProportional hazards modelDar es SalaamSub-Saharan African womenBaseline anemiaIncident anemiaAnemic womenPostpartum anemia
2012
Track B Clinical Science
Kyrychenko T, Dubynska G, Koval T, Kaidashev I, Korshenko V, Rono K, Kibuuka H, Maganga L, Kosgei J, Sekiziyivu A, Sanga E, Ngetich E, Valenzuela A, Michael N, Robb M, Markowitz M, Evering T, Figueroa A, Rodriguez K, La Mar M, Garmon D, Sahi V, Mohri H, Asher A, Santos G, Dokubo E, Martin J, Deeks S, Tobler L, Busch M, Hunt P, Page K, Weber R, Smith C, Group D, Mannheimer S, Wang L, Tieu H, del Rio C, Buchbinder S, Wilton L, Glick S, Cummings V, Mayer K, Hutchinson A, Sansom S, Farnham P, Davis R, Dzoro S, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, Novitsky V, Essex M, Ouma K, Basavaraju S, Okonji J, Williamson J, Mills L, Zeh C, Vallabhaneni S, Chandy S, Heylen E, Ekstrand M, Manasa J, McGrath N, Lessells R, Skingsley A, Newell M, de Oliveira T, Rawizza H, Chaplin B, Meloni S, Okonkwo P, Kanki P, Team T, Gale H, Gitterman S, Gordin F, Benator D, Kan V, Meya D, Rajasingham R, Rolfes M, Birkenkamp K, Boulware D, Bulterys P, Le T, Quang V, Nelson K, Lloyd‐Smith J, Luetkemeyer A, Rosenkranz S, Lu D, Lizak P, Ive P, Swindells S, Benson C, Grinsztejn B, Sanne I, Havlir D, Aweeka F, A5221 A, Sterling T, Benson C, Shang N, Miro J, Grinsztejn B, Chaisson R, Lucchetti A, Sanchez J, Scott N, Villarino E, Group T, McIlleron H, Martinson N, Denti P, Mashabela F, Hunt J, Shembe S, Hull J, Haas D, Msandiwa R, Cohn S, Chaisson R, Dooley K, Team T, Everitt D, Winter H, Egizi E, Everitt D, Murray S, Diacon A, Dawson R, Hutchings J, Van Niekerk C, Egizi E, Becker P, Hafkin J, Modongo C, Newcomb C, Lowenthal E, MacGregor R, Steenhoff A, Friedman H, Bisson G, Fitzgerald D, Jansen P, Chipungu C, Dindi V, Fielder J, Pfaff C, Bygrave H, Simons S, Munyaradzi D, Nyagadza B, Metcalf C, Ncube K, Van Den Broucke S, Mupfumi L, Mason P, Zinyowera S, Mutetwa R, Wallis R, Diacon A, Dawson R, Venter A, Friedrich S, Paige D, Zhu T, Silvia A, Gobey J, Ellery C, Zhang Y, Kadyszewski E, Brust J, Shah N, van der Merwe T, Bamber S, Mngadi A, Ning Y, Heo M, Moll A, Loveday M, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Gandhi N, Hawkins C, Christian B, Ye J, Nagu T, Aris E, Chalamilla G, Spiegelman D, Mugusi F, Mehta S, Fawzi W, Re V, Tate J, Kallan M, Lim J, Goetz M, Klein M, Rimland D, Rodriguez‐Barradas M, Butt A, Gibert C, Brown S, Kostman J, Strom B, Reddy R, Justice A, Localio R, Amorosa V, Umbleja T, Johnson V, Kang M, Luetkemeyer A, Bardin M, Haas D, Chung R, Yesmin S, Coughlin K, Martinez A, Adams M, Alston‐Smith B, Tebas P, Peters M, Kahn J, Xu J, Kapogiannis B, Rudy B, Liu N, Gonin R, Wilson C, Worrell C, Squires K, Kojic E, Cespedes M, Umbleja T, Kang M, Aberg J, Allen R, Grinsztein B, Firnhaber C, Webster‐Cyriaque J, Palefsky J, Godfrey C, Saah A, Cu‐Uvin S, Rangaka M, Boulle A, Wilkinson R, van Cutsem G, Goemaere E, Goliath R, Titus R, Mathee S, Maartens G, Shet A, Holla S, Raman V, Dinakar C, Ashok M, Dufouil C, Richert L, Bruyand M, Amieva H, Dauchy F, Dartigues J, Neau D, Dabis F, Morlat P, Bonnet F, Chene G, Group A, Nigo M, Walker A, Lucido D, Shah A, Skliut M, Mildvan D, Sahasrabuddhe V, Castle P, Follansbee S, Borgonovo S, LaMere B, Tokugawa D, Darragh T, Boyle S, Sadorra M, Tang S, Wentzensen N, Mills A, Mildvan D, Podzamczer D, Fätkenheuer G, Leal M, Than S, Valluri S, Craig C, Vourvahis M, Heera J, Valdez H, Brown T, Rinehart A, Portsmouth S, Gallant J, Koenig E, Andrade‐Villanueva J, Chetchotisakd P, Dejesus E, Antunes F, Arastéh K, Moyle G, Rizzardini G, Fehr J, Liu Y, Zhong L, Callebaut C, Ramanathan S, Szwarcberg J, Rhee M, Cheng A, Palella F, Tebas P, Gazzard B, Ruane P, Shamblaw D, Flamm J, Fisher M, van Lunzen J, Ebrahimi R, White K, Guyer B, Graham H, Fralich T, Elion R, Molina J, Arribas‐Lopez J, Cooper D, Maggiolo F, Wilkins E, Conway B, Liu Y, Zhong L, Margot N, Szwarcberg J, Rhee M, Cheng A, Raffi F, Rachlis A, Stellbrink H, Hardy W, Torti C, Orkin C, Bloch M, Podzamczer D, Pokrovsky V, Almond S, Margolis D, Min S, Team T, Karasi J, Musonera F, Iranyumviye K, Servais J, Devaux C, Binagwaho A, Arendt V, Shafer R, Zolopa A, Schmit J, Rimsky L, Van Eygen V, Vingerhoets J, Thys K, Aerssens J, Stevens M, Picchio G, van Zyl G, Claassen M, Engelbrecht S, de Oliveira T, Preiser W, Wood N, Travers S, Shafer R, Charpentier C, Landman R, Laouénan C, Joly V, Hamet G, Damond F, Brun‐Vézinet F, Mentré F, Descamps D, Yeni P, Grinsztejn B, De Castro N, Arnold V, Veloso V, Morgado M, Pilotto J, Brites C, Madruga J, Barcellos N, Santos B, Vorsatz C, Grondin C, Santini‐Oliveira M, Patey O, Delaugerre C, Chêne G, Molina J, group A, Venuto C, Mollan K, Ma Q, Daar E, Sax P, Fischl M, Collier A, Smith K, Lu D, Tierney C, Morse G, Team A, Haas D, Acosta E, Vardhanabhuti S, Ribaudo H, Severe P, Lalloo U, Kumarasamy N, Taulo F, Kabanda J, Oneko O, Ive P, Sambarey P, Chan E, Hitti J, McMahon D, Group F, Gandhi M, Greenblatt R, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Cohen M, Dehovitz J, Anastos K, Gange S, Liu C, Hanson S, Aouizerat B, Study W, Gervasoni C, Baldelli S, Cerea M, Meraviglia P, Landonio S, Simioni M, Gazzaniga A, Galli M, Rizzardini G, Clementi E, Cattaneo D, Grinsztejn B, Hosseinipour M, Swindells S, Ribaudo H, Eron J, Chen Y, Wang L, Ou S, Anderson M, McCauley M, Gamble T, Kumarasamy N, Hakim J, Kumwenda J, Pilotto J, Godbole S, Chariyalertsak S, Santos B, Mayer K, Eshleman S, Piwowar‐Manning E, Cottle L, Makhema J, Mills L, Panchia R, Sanne I, Elharrar V, Havlir D, Cohen M, Team F, Kanki P, Chang C, Meloni S, Rawizza H, Jolayemi T, Banigbe‐Aluko B, Okonkwo P, team H, Rewari B, Shaukat M, Kabra S, Srikantiah P, Lundgren J, Europe C, Colombero C, Rocco C, Mecikovsky D, Bologna R, Aulicino P, Sen L, Mangano A, Nielsen‐Saines K, Mirochnick M, Kumwenda N, Joao E, Kreitchmann R, Pinto J, Santos B, Parsons T, Richardson P, Taha T, Mofenson L, Sato P, Kearney B, Fowler M, Hazra R, Viani R, Acosta E, Zheng N, Alvero C, O'Gara E, Petzold E, Heckman B, Steimers D, Song I, Piscitelli S, Wiznia A, Team P, Cotton M, Cassim H, Pavía‐Ruz N, Ross L, Ford S, Givens N, Cheng K, Sievers J, Tudor‐Williams G, Cahn P, Chokephaibulkit K, Fourie J, Karatzios C, Dincq S, Kakuda T, Nijs S, Tambuyzer L, Tomaka F, Nachman S, Acosta E, Zheng N, Teppler H, Homony B, Xu X, Alvero C, Handelsman E, Worrell C, Graham B, Toye M, Petzold E, Wiznia A, Group A, Miruka A, Achieng R, Aoko A, Tarus J, Sigei C, Yegon P, Maswai J, Sawe F, Shaffer D, Crawford K, Kanjanavanit S, Puthanakit T, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyaskul C, Pinyakorn S, Luesomboon W, Vonthanak S, Ananworanich J, Ruxrungtham K, group P, Miller T, Wang J, Jacobson D, Takemoto J, Sharma T, Geffner M, Libutti D, Siminski S, Dooley L, Somarriba G, Graham P, Gerschenson M, van Ramshorst M, Struthers H, McIntyre J, Peters R, Himes S, Scheidweiler K, Tassiopoulos K, Kacanek D, Hazra R, Rich K, Huestis M, Study F, O'Brien M, Nardi M, Montenont E, Valdes V, Hu L, Merolla M, Gettenberg G, Aberg J, Bhardwaj N, Berger J, Kelesidis T, Kendall M, Yang O, Currier J, McComsey G, Kitch D, Sax P, Tierney C, Jahed N, Melbourne K, Ha B, Brown T, Bloom A, Fedarko N, Daar E, A5224s A, Schouten J, Wit F, Stolte I, van der Valk M, Geerlings S, de Wolf F, Prins M, Reiss P, Sax P, Sypek A, Morris B, Losina E, Paltiel A, Seage G, Walensky R, Weinstein M, Eron J, Freedberg K. Track B Clinical Science. Journal Of The International AIDS Society 2012, 15: 18439-01. PMCID: PMC3499900, DOI: 10.7448/ias.15.5.18439.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSecond-line antiretroviral therapyFirst-line antiretroviral therapyPlasma HIV-1 RNANNRTI resistance-associated mutationsHIV-1-infected adultsIsoniazid preventive therapyRitonavir-boosted protease inhibitorAcute HIV infectionCardiovascular risk factorsCD4 cell countCombination antiretroviral therapyHIV-1-infected patientsSerious adverse eventsATV/rCells/mm3Genotypic resistance testingGeometric mean titersLow-level viremiaTDF/FTCCommon adverse eventsCAP/CTMBody mass indexHIV-1 RNAAZT/3TC/nevirapineAZT/3TC/NVP
2011
Predictors of change in nutritional and hemoglobin status among adults treated for tuberculosis in Tanzania
Kawai K, Villamor E, Mugusi FM, Saathoff E, Urassa W, Bosch RJ, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW. Predictors of change in nutritional and hemoglobin status among adults treated for tuberculosis in Tanzania. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2011, 15: 1380-1389. PMID: 22283899, PMCID: PMC3404808, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0784.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnemiaAntitubercular AgentsBiomarkersBody Mass IndexCoinfectionFemaleHealth Status IndicatorsHemoglobinsHIV InfectionsHumansLinear ModelsMaleMalnutritionMultivariate AnalysisNutritional StatusNutritional SupportProspective StudiesTanzaniaTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, PulmonaryYoung AdultConceptsLow CD4 cell countsHuman immunodeficiency virusBody mass indexCD4 cell countHIV-positive patientsTB treatmentCell countPredictors of changeTB patientsHemoglobin statusHIV-negative TB patientsHIV-positive TB patientsOlder ageHIV-negative adultsHIV-negative patientsPrevious TB infectionHIV-negative participantsAdequate nutritional supportHigh viral loadProfound malnutritionTB infectionPulmonary tuberculosisNutritional recoveryNutritional supportHemoglobin levels
2005
Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Men and Women in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort
Jones CY, Wilson IB, Greenberg AS, Shevitz A, Knox TA, Gorbach SL, Spiegelman D, Jacobson DL, Wanke C. Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Men and Women in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2005, 40: 202-211. PMID: 16186739, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000165910.89462.2f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuantitative insulin sensitivity check indexWorse insulin resistancePrevalence of IRInsulin resistanceNHANES IIIHigher high-density lipoproteinInsulin sensitivity check indexNutrition Examination Survey IIIHealthy Living cohortHealthy Living StudyHIV-Infected MenMore insulin resistanceActive antiretroviral therapyCD4 cell countCross-sectional study designInjection drug useLess insulin resistanceExamination Survey IIINHANES III participantsGreater waist circumferenceHigh-density lipoproteinLow-density lipoproteinProtease inhibitorsLiving cohortPI-HAARTIncreasing Risk of 5% or Greater Unintentional Weight Loss in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients, 1995 to 2003
Tang AM, Jacobson DL, Spiegelman D, Knox TA, Wanke C. Increasing Risk of 5% or Greater Unintentional Weight Loss in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients, 1995 to 2003. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2005, 40: 70-76. PMID: 16123685, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000159627.54149.2e.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCohort of HIVUnintentional weight lossWeight lossAntiretroviral therapyBody compositionLow CD4 cell countsHigher HIV viral loadHigher body mass indexCare of HIVHealthy Living cohortActive antiretroviral therapyCD4 cell countCombination antiretroviral therapyHIV viral loadBody mass indexRisk of deathPresence of diarrheaFederal poverty levelLiving cohortHIV infectionMass indexMost AIDSOpportunistic infectionsViral loadPatient population
2004
Selenium Status Is Associated with Accelerated HIV Disease Progression among HIV-1–Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania
Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Spiegelman D, Morris S, Mugusi F, Hunter DJ, Fawzi WW. Selenium Status Is Associated with Accelerated HIV Disease Progression among HIV-1–Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania. Journal Of Nutrition 2004, 134: 2556-2560. PMID: 15465747, DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2556.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPlasma selenium levelsCD4 cell countRisk of mortalityDisease progressionHIV-1-infected pregnant womenCell countSelenium levelsLow plasma selenium levelsHIV disease progressionAccelerated disease progressionCox multivariate modelSelenium statusMedian followHIV diseaseClinical outcomesPregnant womenPoor survivalTanzanian womenMultivariate modelL increaseCells/ProgressionWomenMortalityFirst yearBreastfeeding and maternal HIV-1 disease progression and mortality
Sedgh G, Spiegelman D, Larsen U, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW. Breastfeeding and maternal HIV-1 disease progression and mortality. AIDS 2004, 18: 1043-1049. PMID: 15096808, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200404300-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 disease progressionCD4 cell countDisease progressionCell countHigher CD4 cell countsLow CD4 cell countsCox proportional hazards modelHealth of HIVCohort study designExcessive weight lossProportional hazards modelPartial breastfeedingRelative riskHazards modelInsufficient evidenceBreastfeedingMultivariate analysisStudy designWeight lossWomenProgressionDar es SalaamHIVDeathAssociation
2003
Role of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome—Defining Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Associated Wasting
Wanke CA, Silva M, Ganda A, Fauntleroy J, Spiegelman D, Knox TA, Gorbach SL. Role of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome—Defining Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Associated Wasting. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2003, 37: s81-s84. PMID: 12942378, DOI: 10.1086/375894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRelative riskStudy visitImmune deficiency syndrome-defining conditionsAcquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeMonthly study visitsCD4 cell countHIV Cohort StudyHuman immunodeficiency virusImmune deficiency syndromeBaseline BMICohort studyImmunodeficiency virusDeficiency syndromeCell countEnergy intakeSocioeconomic statusWastingBMIRiskVisitsLongitudinal dataSyndromeIntakeBaselineMonths
2002
Transmission of HIV-1 Through Breastfeeding Among Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Fawzi W, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Renjifo B, Bang H, Kapiga S, Coley J, Hertzmark E, Essex M, Hunter D. Transmission of HIV-1 Through Breastfeeding Among Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002, 31: 331-338. PMID: 12439210, DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200211010-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1High maternal viral loadLow CD4 cell countsMultivariate proportional hazards modelMaternal viral loadCD4 cell countHIV-1 transmissionErythrocyte sedimentation rateAge 6 weeksAge 4 monthsChildren of womenProportional hazards modelDar es SalaamAge 24 monthsAnalysis of correlatesNipple cracksChild transmissionImmune reconstitutionCumulative incidenceViral loadPregnant womenAntiretroviral drugsMean durationMicronutrient supplementsHigh riskWeight Loss and Survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Tang AM, Forrester J, Spiegelman D, Knox TA, Tchetgen E, Gorbach SL. Weight Loss and Survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002, 31: 230-236. PMID: 12394802, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000026514.98625.8f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsActive antiretroviral therapyWeight lossAntiretroviral therapyHAART useIndependent predictorsPrevious visitHighly Active Antiretroviral TherapyHealthy Living StudyCD4 cell countHIV-positive patientsHIV-positive participantsBody mass indexStrong independent predictorFurther prognostic valueProportional hazards modelBioelectrical impedance analysisFour- to sixfold increaseImportant comorbidityMass indexPrognostic valuePotential confoundersRelative riskStudy populationLiving StudyHazards modelNutrient intake and body weight in a large HIV cohort that includes women and minorities
WOODS MN, SPIEGELMAN D, Knox TA, FORRESTER JE, CONNORS JL, SKINNER SC, Silva M, KIM JH, GORBACH SL. Nutrient intake and body weight in a large HIV cohort that includes women and minorities. Journal Of The Academy Of Nutrition And Dietetics 2002, 102: 203-211. PMID: 11846114, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90049-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVitamin/mineral supplementsNutrient intakeMicronutrient intakeBaseline nutrient intakeLarge HIV cohortCD4 cell countCD4 lymphocyte countHIV-positive populationBody mass indexInadequate nutrient intakeStudy sampleNHANES III dataWilcoxon rank sum testCubic spline modelsMineral supplementsRank sum testHIV cohortLymphocyte countSpearman correlation coefficientMass indexProspective studyFood recordsMedian intakeDietary intakeNutritional intake
2001
Determinants of low birth weight among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania 1 , 2 , 3
Dreyfuss M, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Hunter D, Urassa E, Hertzmark E, Fawzi W. Determinants of low birth weight among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania 1 , 2 , 3. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 74: 814-826. PMID: 11722965, DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.6.814.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBirth WeightCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalLymphocyte CountMalariaMaternal WelfareMiddle AgedOdds RatioParasitic DiseasesPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPregnancy OutcomeRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsTanzaniaConceptsLow birth weightInfant HIV infectionBirth weightHIV infectionMaternal weightRisk factorsIncidence of LBWLow serum vitamin E concentrationsPredictors of LBWCell countAdvanced stage HIV diseaseLower CD8 cell countsMultivariate-adjusted linear regression modelsSerum vitamin E concentrationsInfant risk factorsCD4 cell countCD8 cell countsGestational age statusHIV disease progressionIntestinal parasitic infectionsMean birth weightPlasmodium falciparum malariaHIV-positive womenMidupper arm circumferencePrenatal care clinicsPredictors of intrauterine and intrapartum transmission of HIV-1 among Tanzanian women
Fawzi W, Msamanga G, Renjifo B, Spiegelman D, Urassa E, Hashemi L, Antelman G, Essex M, Hunter D. Predictors of intrauterine and intrapartum transmission of HIV-1 among Tanzanian women. AIDS 2001, 15: 1157-1165. PMID: 11416718, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200106150-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsViral loadHIV-1HIV-1-infected pregnant womenLower genital tract infectionMaternal CD4 cell countVertical transmissionLower genital infectionsMaternal viral loadCD4 cell countGenital tract infectionHIV disease progressionHIV-1 infectionWeeks of gestationPrevention of transmissionIntrapartum transmissionIntrauterine transmissionGenital infectionTract infectionsSustained clearanceClinical stagePregnant womenPrenatal careDisease progressionCopies/Vitamin supplementsDifferences in perinatal transmission among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypes.
Renjifo B, Fawzi W, Mwakagile D, Hunter D, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Garland M, Kagoma C, Kim A, Chaplin B, Hertzmark E, Essex M. Differences in perinatal transmission among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypes. Human Virology 2001, 4: 16-25. PMID: 11213929.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBase SequenceCapsidCapsid ProteinsCase-Control StudiesDNA, ViralDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusGene Products, envGene Products, gagGenotypeHIV Core Protein p24HIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInfantInfant, NewbornMolecular Sequence DataRisk FactorsViral ProteinsConceptsHIV-1 genetic subtypesCD4 cell countHIV-1 genotypesCell countGenetic subtypesHIV-1 subtype AHIV-1 subtype CHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Vertical transmissionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypesImmunodeficiency virus type 1Intersubtype recombinant virusesMaternal risk factorsLogistic regression analysisType 1 genotypeVirus type 1HIV-1 GagPerinatal transmissionSubtype CRisk factorsSubtype AHIV-1Intersubtype recombinantsType 1Differential risk
1999
Elevated resting energy expenditure among HIV-seropositive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Shevitz A, Knox T, Spiegelman D, Roubenoff R, Gorbach S, Skolnik P. Elevated resting energy expenditure among HIV-seropositive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1999, 13: 1351-1357. PMID: 10449288, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199907300-00012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFat-free massActive antiretroviral therapyHAART useHIV RNAAntiretroviral therapyCohort studyViral burdenKJ/dayHIV-seropositive menCD4 cell countHIV-seropositive personsLog10 copies/Energy expenditureLarge cohort studyIndependent effectsCross-sectional analysisHIV diseaseMedication regimensViral loadCopies/Adjusted REECell countElevated REEViral replicationHAART