2015
Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate
Oh C, Holford TR. Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate. Statistics In Medicine 2015, 34: 1953-1964. PMID: 25715831, PMCID: PMC4980760, DOI: 10.1002/sim.6464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer incidence ratesEstimates of incidenceHealth care planningCancer deathLung cancerCancer prevalenceCancer incidenceIncidence rateHealthy subjectsCare planningSurvival informationMortality statisticsCancerIncidence casesIncidenceAge periodDeathSubjectsCompartment modelCohortMortalityPrevalence
2012
Chapter 14: Comparing the Adequacy of Carcinogenesis Models in Estimating U.S. Population Rates for Lung Cancer Mortality
Holford TR, Levy DT. Chapter 14: Comparing the Adequacy of Carcinogenesis Models in Estimating U.S. Population Rates for Lung Cancer Mortality. Risk Analysis 2012, 32: s179-s189. PMID: 22882888, PMCID: PMC3478769, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01734.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung cancer mortalityCancer mortalityCarcinogenesis modelLung cancer mortality ratesU.S. population ratesEffect of smokingCancer Prevention StudyCancer mortality ratesPopulation ratesTwo-stage clonal expansion modelEffect of ageSmoking trendsLung cancerPrevention StudyEstimates of riskMortality rateClonal expansionClonal expansion modelCohort modelSmokingIndividual cohortsCohortMortalityU.S. malesTemporal trends
2002
Use of hair colouring products and breast cancer risk a case–control study in Connecticut
Zheng T, Holford T, Mayne S, Owens P, Boyle P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zahm S. Use of hair colouring products and breast cancer risk a case–control study in Connecticut. European Journal Of Cancer 2002, 38: 1647-1652. PMID: 12142056, DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00138-7.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2001
The Natural History of Periodontal Disease in Man. Risk Factors for Progression of Attachment Loss in Individuals Receiving No Oral Health Care
Neely A, Holford T, Löe H, Ånerud Å, Boysen H. The Natural History of Periodontal Disease in Man. Risk Factors for Progression of Attachment Loss in Individuals Receiving No Oral Health Care. Journal Of Periodontology 2001, 72: 1006-1015. PMID: 11525431, DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.1006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHistory of smokingAttachment lossPeriodontal attachment lossGingival indexCalculus indexPlaque indexRisk factorsPeriodontal diseaseNatural historyMean attachment lossOral health assessmentProfessional dental careOral health careFinal adjusted modelPotential risk factorsMesio-buccal surfaceThird molar teethBetel nut useAbsence of teethCaries indexDental careAttachment levelAdjusted modelNut useMolar teeth
1997
Time trend of female breast carcinoma In Situ by race and histology in Connecticut, U.S.A.
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Jones B, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend of female breast carcinoma In Situ by race and histology in Connecticut, U.S.A. European Journal Of Cancer 1997, 33: 96-100. PMID: 9071907, DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(96)00371-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-adjusted incidence ratesSitu breast cancerFemale breast carcinomaIncidence rateBreast cancerMammography screeningBreast carcinomaOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge group 40 yearsAge groupsEarly-stage breast cancerAge-specific incidence ratesFemale breast cancer incidenceConnecticut Tumor RegistryBreast cancer incidenceStage breast cancerEfficacy of mammographyFemale breast cancerAge group 40Older age groupsTime trendsTumor RegistryIncident casesDuctal carcinomaCancer incidence
1996
Malignant melanoma risk factors by anatomic site: A case‐control study and polychotomous logistic regression analysis
Chen Y, Dubrow R, Holford T, Zheng T, Barnhill R, Fine J, Berwick M. Malignant melanoma risk factors by anatomic site: A case‐control study and polychotomous logistic regression analysis. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 67: 636-643. PMID: 8782651, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960904)67:5<636::aid-ijc8>3.0.co;2-v.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMelanoma risk factorsCase-control studyRisk factorsAnatomic sitesSun exposurePopulation-based case-control studySun exposure-related factorsIntermittent sun exposureHistory of sunburnOnly risk factorPolychotomous logistic regression analysisInvasive melanoma casesNumber of neviLogistic regression analysisExposure-related factorsDevelopment of melanomaSex differencesPolychotomous logistic regressionHistologic subtypeMalignant melanomaClothing habitsPigmentary characteristicsMelanoma casesStudy subjectsLogistic regressionTime trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Z. J, Flannery J, Liu W, Russi M, Boyle P. Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 67: 504-509. PMID: 8759608, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960807)67:4<504::aid-ijc7>3.0.co;2-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsThyroid cancerChildhood conditionsOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesRadiation treatmentBirth cohort effectsBirth cohort analysisTime trendsCohort effectsObserved time trendsIncidence ratePapillary carcinomaCohort analysisCancerCohortIncidenceNeckMalesFemalesUnited StatesRecent studiesTreatmentCurrent studyCarcinomaContinuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Ma Z, Ward B, Flannery J, Boyle P. Continuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 65: 723-729. PMID: 8631581, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960315)65:6<723::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGerm cell testis cancerTestis cancerHistologic typeEpidemiologic studiesOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesEarly lifetime exposuresAnalytical epidemiologic studiesDescriptive epidemiologic studyAge group 20Birth cohort effectsObserved incidence patternsIncidence rateRisk factorsGroup 20Cancer registrationLifetime exposureIncidence patternsLarger sample sizeSeminomaCancerCohort modelingYoung adultsCohort
1994
Time trend and the age‐period‐cohort effect on the incidence of histologic types of lung cancer in connecticut, 1960‐1989
Zheng T, Holford T, Boyle P, Chen Y, Ward B, Flannery J, Mayne S. Time trend and the age‐period‐cohort effect on the incidence of histologic types of lung cancer in connecticut, 1960‐1989. Cancer 1994, 74: 1556-1567. PMID: 8062189, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940901)74:5<1556::aid-cncr2820740511>3.0.co;2-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenocarcinomaAdenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-AlveolarAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overCarcinomaCarcinoma, Small CellCarcinoma, Squamous CellCohort EffectCohort StudiesConnecticutFemaleHumansIncidenceLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedModels, StatisticalRegistriesSex FactorsSmokingTime FactorsConceptsAge-adjusted incidence ratesMajor histologic typesOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge-specific incidence ratesHistologic typeLung cancer incidenceLung cancerIncidence rateBirth cohortRecent birth cohortsIncidence patternsObserved time trendsCell carcinomaCancer incidenceTime trendsConnecticut Tumor RegistryIncidence of adenocarcinomaSmall cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaLung cancer casesRecent epidemiologic studiesDifferent histologic typesDifferent incidence patternsObserved incidence patternsTumor RegistryAge‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in Denmark
Dubrow R, Johansen C, Skov T, Holford T. Age‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in Denmark. International Journal Of Cancer 1994, 58: 324-329. PMID: 8050812, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910580303.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMalignant melanoma incidence in Connecticut (United States): time trends and age-period-cohort modeling by anatomic site
Chen Y, Zheng T, Holford T, Berwick M, Dubrow R. Malignant melanoma incidence in Connecticut (United States): time trends and age-period-cohort modeling by anatomic site. Cancer Causes & Control 1994, 5: 341-350. PMID: 8080946, DOI: 10.1007/bf01804985.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCutaneous malignant melanomaAnatomic sitesUpper limbPopulation-based Connecticut Tumor RegistryCohort patternsConnecticut Tumor RegistryMale-female ratioMalignant melanoma incidenceTime trendsCMM incidenceNeck melanomaTumor RegistryIncident casesMalignant melanomaMelanoma incidenceEtiologic distinctionsCarcinogenic exposuresLower limbsLargest absolute increaseMelanomaCohort modelingAbsolute increaseIncidenceLimbLargest relative increaseEstimating age, period and cohort effects using the multistage model for cancer
Holford T, Zhang Z, McKay L. Estimating age, period and cohort effects using the multistage model for cancer. Statistics In Medicine 1994, 13: 23-41. PMID: 9061838, DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780130105.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
The time trend and age—period—cohort effects on incidence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in connecticut from 1955–1989
Zheng T, Mayne S, Holford T, Boyle P, Liu W, Chen Y, Mador M, Flannery J. The time trend and age—period—cohort effects on incidence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in connecticut from 1955–1989. Cancer 1993, 72: 330-340. PMID: 8319166, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930715)72:2<330::aid-cncr2820720205>3.0.co;2-l.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDistal stomachGastric cardiaObserved time trendsRisk factorsIncidence rateBirth cohortAge-adjusted incidence ratesTime trendsDifferent epidemiologic featuresFuture analytic studiesIncrease of adenocarcinomaConnecticut Tumor RegistryIncidence of adenocarcinomaRisk of adenocarcinomaBirth-cohort phenomenonRegression modelingUnited States populationUnspecified subsiteRetinol intakeHiatal herniaTumor RegistryEpidemiologic featuresAlcohol intakeIncident casesEtiologic factorsAge‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in connecticut
Dubrow R, Bernstein J, Holford T. Age‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in connecticut. International Journal Of Cancer 1993, 53: 907-913. PMID: 8473049, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910530607.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft colonCohort patternsTransverse colonLarge bowelCancer incidenceEtiologic distinctionsConnecticut Tumor RegistryTumor RegistrySigmoid colonCancer casesCohort modellingBirth cohortConnecticut residentsColonRectumCohort modelSexBowelIncidenceDiagnosisMalesFemalesCommon patternRegistryCohort
1992
Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort
Holford T. Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort. Statistical Methods In Medical Research 1992, 1: 317-337. PMID: 1341663, DOI: 10.1177/096228029200100306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRisk Factors Predicting the Incidence of Second Primary Breast Cancer among Women Diagnosed with a First Primary Breast Cancer*
Bernstein J, Thompson W, Risch N, Holford T. Risk Factors Predicting the Incidence of Second Primary Breast Cancer among Women Diagnosed with a First Primary Breast Cancer*. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1992, 136: 925-936. PMID: 1456269, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116565.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFirst primary breast cancerPrimary breast cancerSecond primary breast cancerContralateral breast cancerBreast cancerRisk factorsInitial tumorIncidence rateFirst primaryFirst prospective cohort studyAge-specific incidence ratesDirect patient interviewProspective cohort studySteroid Hormone StudySecond breast cancerEnd Results ProgramBenign breast biopsyProportional hazards modelSpecific risk factorsCohort studyTumor characteristicsLobular carcinomaResults ProgramPatient interviewsTreatment modalitiesThe Genetic Epidemiology of Second Primary Breast Cancer*
Bernstein J, Thompson W, Risch N, Holford T. The Genetic Epidemiology of Second Primary Breast Cancer*. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1992, 136: 937-948. PMID: 1456270, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116566.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond primary breast cancerPrimary breast cancerContralateral breast cancerFirst primary breast cancerFirst-degree relativesBreast cancerFamily historyOvarian cancerMulti-center population-based case-control studyPopulation-based case-control studyAge-adjusted rate ratioSteroid Hormone StudyBilateral breast cancerEnd Results ProgramRate ratioCase-control studyCorresponding rate ratiosContralateral breastEndometrial cancerProspective studyResults ProgramSecond primaryCohort membersHigh riskHormone StudyTime trends of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: are they real? What do they mean?
Holford T, Zheng T, Mayne S, McKay L. Time trends of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: are they real? What do they mean? Cancer Research 1992, 52: 5443s-5446s. PMID: 1394151.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTime trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935–89
Zheng T, Mayne S, Holford T, Boyle P, Liu W, Chen Y, Mador M, Flannery J. Time trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935–89. Cancer Causes & Control 1992, 3: 481-492. PMID: 1525329, DOI: 10.1007/bf00051361.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSquamous cell carcinomaIncidence rateCell carcinomaEsophageal cancerBirth cohortOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge-adjusted incidence ratesConnecticut Tumor RegistryEsophageal cancer casesTime trendsEsophageal cancer ratesObserved time trendsGastric cardiaHistologic typeTumor RegistryIncident casesCancer ratesCancer casesAdenocarcinomaIncidence patternsEsophagusCancerLower thirdRegression modelingWhite malesEpidemiology of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in connecticut 1935‐1988
Zheng T, Mayne S, Boyle P, Holford T, Liu W, Flannery J. Epidemiology of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in connecticut 1935‐1988. Cancer 1992, 70: 840-849. PMID: 1643616, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920815)70:4<840::aid-cncr2820700420>3.0.co;2-i.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-Hodgkin lymphomaAge-adjusted incidence ratesAge-specific incidence ratesConnecticut Tumor RegistryIncidence rateYears of ageRisk factorsAge groupsCases of NHLDiffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomaAnalytical epidemiologic studiesHigh incidence rateBirth cohort effectsOlder age groupsRecent birth cohortsReports of increasesLymph nodesTumor RegistryHistologic subtypeCohort examinationNHL casesAnatomic sitesEpidemiologic studiesMortality rateBirth cohort