2024
Smoking patterns by birth cohort in Argentina: an age-period-cohort population-based modeling study
Salgado M, Mok Y, Jeon J, Jaffri M, Tam J, Holford T, Sánchez-Romero L, Meza R, Mejia R. Smoking patterns by birth cohort in Argentina: an age-period-cohort population-based modeling study. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2024, 36: 100823. PMID: 39006127, PMCID: PMC11246057, DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100823.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCurrent smoking prevalenceSmoking prevalenceBirth cohortSmoking initiationCessation probabilitiesPopulation-based modelling studyTobacco control measuresRecent birth cohortsRate of quittingNationally representative surveySmoking ratesSmoking patternsYears of ageRepresentative surveySurveillance modelCancer interventionSmokingSmoking historyPrevalenceCohortGroup ageBirthInterventionCessationAge
2023
Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories in Brazil
Tam J, Jaffri M, Mok Y, Jeon J, Szklo A, Souza M, Holford T, Levy D, Cao P, Sánchez-Romero L, Meza R. Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories in Brazil. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2023, 64: s63-s71. PMID: 36775755, PMCID: PMC10240503, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMean cigarettesBirth cohortSmoker prevalenceSmoking patternsLong-term health outcomesGlobal Adult Tobacco SurveyAdult Tobacco SurveyNational Health SurveyStronger tobacco control policiesTobacco control policiesSmoking historySmoking cessationPublic health decisionsSmoking prevalenceRisk factorsChronic diseasesHealth SurveyTobacco useSmoking initiationHealth outcomesFemale cohortCohortTobacco SurveyTelephone interviewsSmoking parametersSmoking Histories by State in the U.S.
Holford T, McKay L, Jeon J, Tam J, Cao P, Fleischer N, Levy D, Meza R. Smoking Histories by State in the U.S. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2023, 64: s42-s52. PMID: 36653233, PMCID: PMC11186469, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPack yearsSmoking historySmoking prevalenceBirth cohortSmoking initiationNational Health Interview SurveyMean smoking durationHealth Interview SurveyTobacco Use SupplementRecent birth cohortsTobacco control policiesCessation probabilitiesCigarette smokingSmoking trendsSmoking durationSmoking ratesState-specific trendsPrevalenceTobacco controlInterview SurveyCohortCessationDurationInitiationYearsBirth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Patterns by Family Income in the U.S.
Jeon J, Cao P, Fleischer N, Levy D, Holford T, Meza R, Tam J. Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Patterns by Family Income in the U.S. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2023, 64: s32-s41. PMID: 36653231, PMCID: PMC11186479, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFederal poverty levelBirth cohortSmoking patternsSmoking prevalenceFamily incomeRecent cohortsRecent birth cohortsHigh-income groupsCessation probabilitiesLower cessationPoverty levelCohortMore recent cohortsSmoking disparitiesPrevalenceIncome groupsIntervention strategiesCohort modelOlder cohortGreater declineLevel groupLow-income individualsCessationCohort differencesFuture studiesSmoking Disparities by Level of Educational Attainment and Birth Cohort in the U.S.
Cao P, Jeon J, Tam J, Fleischer N, Levy D, Holford T, Meza R. Smoking Disparities by Level of Educational Attainment and Birth Cohort in the U.S. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2023, 64: s22-s31. PMID: 36935129, PMCID: PMC10177656, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBirth cohortSmoking patternsRecent cohortsEducation groupCurrent smoking prevalenceEducation levelGrade educationCessation probabilitiesSmoking prevalenceTobacco useLow prevalenceCohortSmoking disparitiesDemographic characteristicsPrevalenceCohort modelCollege degreeCalendar yearDemographic factorsCessationGroupSpecial considerationDisparitiesIndividualsImportant differences
2019
CP*Trends: An Online Tool for Comparing Cohort and Period Trends Across Cancer Sites
Holford TR, Chen HS, Annett D, Krapcho M, Dorogaeva A, Feuer EJ. CP*Trends: An Online Tool for Comparing Cohort and Period Trends Across Cancer Sites. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2019, 188: 1361-1370. PMID: 30989187, PMCID: PMC6601534, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz089.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsColorectal cancer incidenceCancer incidenceCancer sitesContribution of periodMale prostate cancerEnd Results (SEER) dataStudy of etiologyFemale lungCancer mortalityBronchial cancerProstate cancerCohortDisease controlRelevant exposuresIncidenceAge shiftLungCancerMortalityP scoreAgeResult dataPeriod trendsPeriodPercentage of deviance
2015
Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate
Oh C, Holford TR. Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate. Statistics In Medicine 2015, 34: 1953-1964. PMID: 25715831, PMCID: PMC4980760, DOI: 10.1002/sim.6464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer incidence ratesEstimates of incidenceHealth care planningCancer deathLung cancerCancer prevalenceCancer incidenceIncidence rateHealthy subjectsCare planningSurvival informationMortality statisticsCancerIncidence casesIncidenceAge periodDeathSubjectsCompartment modelCohortMortalityPrevalence
2014
Patterns of Birth Cohort–Specific Smoking Histories, 1965–2009
Holford TR, Levy DT, McKay LA, Clarke L, Racine B, Meza R, Land S, Jeon J, Feuer EJ. Patterns of Birth Cohort–Specific Smoking Histories, 1965–2009. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2014, 46: e31-e37. PMID: 24439359, PMCID: PMC3951759, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSmoking historyBirth cohortU.S. National Health Interview SurveyNational Health Interview SurveySmoking-related mortalityHealth Interview SurveyTobacco control interventionsCurrent smoking behaviorAge-specific distributionSmoking statusSmoking patternsSmoking intensitySurvival differencesSmoking behaviorCohortControl interventionsDifferent birth cohortsDate of surveyInterview SurveyIntervention strategiesCohort modelSmokersAgePrevalenceSlow decline
2012
Chapter 14: Comparing the Adequacy of Carcinogenesis Models in Estimating U.S. Population Rates for Lung Cancer Mortality
Holford TR, Levy DT. Chapter 14: Comparing the Adequacy of Carcinogenesis Models in Estimating U.S. Population Rates for Lung Cancer Mortality. Risk Analysis 2012, 32: s179-s189. PMID: 22882888, PMCID: PMC3478769, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01734.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung cancer mortalityCancer mortalityCarcinogenesis modelLung cancer mortality ratesU.S. population ratesEffect of smokingCancer Prevention StudyCancer mortality ratesPopulation ratesTwo-stage clonal expansion modelEffect of ageSmoking trendsLung cancerPrevention StudyEstimates of riskMortality rateClonal expansionClonal expansion modelCohort modelSmokingIndividual cohortsCohortMortalityU.S. malesTemporal trendsImpact of Reduced Tobacco Smoking on Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States During 1975–2000
Moolgavkar SH, Holford TR, Levy DT, Kong CY, Foy M, Clarke L, Jeon J, Hazelton WD, Meza R, Schultz F, McCarthy W, Boer R, Gorlova O, Gazelle GS, Kimmel M, McMahon PM, de Koning HJ, Feuer EJ. Impact of Reduced Tobacco Smoking on Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States During 1975–2000. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2012, 104: 541-548. PMID: 22423009, PMCID: PMC3317881, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs136.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung cancer deathsLung cancer mortalityCancer deathSmoking behaviorCancer mortalityMajor public health problemTobacco controlPublic health problemTobacco control strategiesNumber of deathsSmoking historyTobacco smokingLung cancerGroups of investigatorsBirth cohortHealth problemsFirst reportSmokingMortalityDeathUnited StatesWomenMenCohortCancer
1996
Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Z. J, Flannery J, Liu W, Russi M, Boyle P. Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 67: 504-509. PMID: 8759608, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960807)67:4<504::aid-ijc7>3.0.co;2-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsThyroid cancerChildhood conditionsOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesRadiation treatmentBirth cohort effectsBirth cohort analysisTime trendsCohort effectsObserved time trendsIncidence ratePapillary carcinomaCohort analysisCancerCohortIncidenceNeckMalesFemalesUnited StatesRecent studiesTreatmentCurrent studyCarcinomaMASCIS Evaluation of Open Field Locomotor Scores: Effects of Experience and Teamwork on Reliability
Basso D, Beattie M, Bresnahan J, Anderson D, Faden A, Gruner J, Holford T, Hsu C, Noble L, Nockels R, Perot P, Salzman S, Young W. MASCIS Evaluation of Open Field Locomotor Scores: Effects of Experience and Teamwork on Reliability. Journal Of Neurotrauma 1996, 13: 343-359. PMID: 8863191, DOI: 10.1089/neu.1996.13.343.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMulticenter Animal Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injuryBBB scoresCord injuryExperienced teamOpen field locomotor scoreSpinal Cord Injury StudyOpen field locomotor scaleSpinal-injured ratsMean scoreMotor recoveryLocomotor scoresLocomotor scaleInjury studiesHindlimb movementsToe clearanceReliability of scoringRatsCohortTrunk positionScoresSequential sessionsInjuryTeam scoresHigh reliability coefficientThe Continuing Increase in Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Birth Cohort Phenomenon
ZHENG T, HOLFORD T, MA Z, CHEN Y, LIU W, WARD B, BOYLE P. The Continuing Increase in Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Birth Cohort Phenomenon. International Journal Of Epidemiology 1996, 25: 252-258. PMID: 9119549, DOI: 10.1093/ije/25.2.252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUterine cervixInvasive adenocarcinomaBirth cohortStrong birth cohort effectTime trendsBirth-cohort patternEnd Results (SEER) dataBirth-cohort phenomenonAnalytical epidemiological studiesBirth cohort effectsRecent birth cohortsObserved time trendsYoung white womenRisk factorsEpidemiological studiesCervixAdenocarcinomaCohort patternsCohort phenomenonCohortWhite womenCohort modelCohort effectsObserved increaseResult dataContinuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Ma Z, Ward B, Flannery J, Boyle P. Continuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 65: 723-729. PMID: 8631581, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960315)65:6<723::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGerm cell testis cancerTestis cancerHistologic typeEpidemiologic studiesOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesEarly lifetime exposuresAnalytical epidemiologic studiesDescriptive epidemiologic studyAge group 20Birth cohort effectsObserved incidence patternsIncidence rateRisk factorsGroup 20Cancer registrationLifetime exposureIncidence patternsLarger sample sizeSeminomaCancerCohort modelingYoung adultsCohort
1995
Time trend in pancreatic cancer incidence in connecticut, 1935–1990
Zheng T, Holford T, Ward B, McKay L, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend in pancreatic cancer incidence in connecticut, 1935–1990. International Journal Of Cancer 1995, 61: 622-627. PMID: 7768634, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910610507.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge-adjusted incidence ratesIncidence rateRecent birth cohortsPancreatic cancerBirth cohortIncident pancreatic cancer casesPancreatic cancer incidence ratesAge groupsAge-specific incidence ratesPancreatic cancer incidenceConnecticut Tumor RegistryBirth cohort trendsPancreatic cancer casesCancer incidence ratesTumor RegistryCancer incidenceCancer casesCohort modelingCohort trendsTime trendsCohortCancerIncidenceSex
1994
Estimating age, period and cohort effects using the multistage model for cancer
Holford T, Zhang Z, McKay L. Estimating age, period and cohort effects using the multistage model for cancer. Statistics In Medicine 1994, 13: 23-41. PMID: 9061838, DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780130105.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Age‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in connecticut
Dubrow R, Bernstein J, Holford T. Age‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in connecticut. International Journal Of Cancer 1993, 53: 907-913. PMID: 8473049, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910530607.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft colonCohort patternsTransverse colonLarge bowelCancer incidenceEtiologic distinctionsConnecticut Tumor RegistryTumor RegistrySigmoid colonCancer casesCohort modellingBirth cohortConnecticut residentsColonRectumCohort modelSexBowelIncidenceDiagnosisMalesFemalesCommon patternRegistryCohort
1992
Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort
Holford T. Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort. Statistical Methods In Medical Research 1992, 1: 317-337. PMID: 1341663, DOI: 10.1177/096228029200100306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA reversal in the long‐term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma
Roush G, McKay L, Holford T. A reversal in the long‐term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma. Cancer 1992, 69: 1714-1720. PMID: 1551056, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920401)69:7<1714::aid-cncr2820690712>3.0.co;2-z.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1991
Trends in female breast cancer in Connecticut and the United States
Holford T, Roush G, McKay L. Trends in female breast cancer in Connecticut and the United States. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 1991, 44: 29-39. PMID: 1986055, DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90198-i.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer mortalityBirth-cohort patternFemale breast cancerBreast cancerCancer mortalityCohort patternsPostmenopausal breast cancerInvasive breast cancerBlind biopsyBirth cohortMortalityCancerCohort modelingEarly detectionPrior reportsImproved treatmentTime trendsCohortU.S. mortalityModest declineLittle evidenceImportant differencesBiopsyIncidenceUnderdetection