2024
Cigarette smoking focus: A modeling approach for estimating the impact of health programs
Holford T. Cigarette smoking focus: A modeling approach for estimating the impact of health programs. Open Access Government 2024, 43: 82-83. DOI: 10.56367/oag-043-11502.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
Modeling factors affecting age, period and cohort trends
Holford T. Modeling factors affecting age, period and cohort trends. 2020, 117-141. DOI: 10.4324/9780429056819-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnalytical epidemiological studiesUnderstanding of etiologyCigarette smokingLung cancerEtiology of diseaseEpidemiological studiesCarcinogenesis modelDisease trendsCohort scaleCohort frameworkHealth careDiseaseExposure dataPopulation ratesCohort modelCohort trendsSmokingAgeEtiologyU.S. malesTemporal trendsEarly stepsCancerPeriodCare
2019
CP*Trends: An Online Tool for Comparing Cohort and Period Trends Across Cancer Sites
Holford TR, Chen HS, Annett D, Krapcho M, Dorogaeva A, Feuer EJ. CP*Trends: An Online Tool for Comparing Cohort and Period Trends Across Cancer Sites. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2019, 188: 1361-1370. PMID: 30989187, PMCID: PMC6601534, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz089.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsColorectal cancer incidenceCancer incidenceCancer sitesContribution of periodMale prostate cancerEnd Results (SEER) dataStudy of etiologyFemale lungCancer mortalityBronchial cancerProstate cancerCohortDisease controlRelevant exposuresIncidenceAge shiftLungCancerMortalityP scoreAgeResult dataPeriod trendsPeriodPercentage of deviance
2018
Smoking and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States From 2015 to 2065: A Comparative Modeling Approach.
Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, Feuer EJ, Cao P, Tam J, Clarke L, Clarke J, Kong CY, Meza R. Smoking and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States From 2015 to 2065: A Comparative Modeling Approach. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2018, 169: 684-693. PMID: 30304504, PMCID: PMC6242740, DOI: 10.7326/m18-1250.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung cancer mortalityTobacco control effortsCancer mortalityLung cancer ratesLung cancerCancer ratesLung cancer burdenLung cancer deathsLung cancer screeningSmoking-related diseasesU.S. populationNational Cancer InstituteLonger life expectancyCancer burdenSmoking patternsCancer deathCessation effortsCancer screeningTobacco useCancer InstituteSmokingAdditional preventionNatural historyMortalityCancer
2015
Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate
Oh C, Holford TR. Age‐Period‐Cohort approaches to back‐calculation of cancer incidence rate. Statistics In Medicine 2015, 34: 1953-1964. PMID: 25715831, PMCID: PMC4980760, DOI: 10.1002/sim.6464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer incidence ratesEstimates of incidenceHealth care planningCancer deathLung cancerCancer prevalenceCancer incidenceIncidence rateHealthy subjectsCare planningSurvival informationMortality statisticsCancerIncidence casesIncidenceAge periodDeathSubjectsCompartment modelCohortMortalityPrevalence
2012
Impact of Reduced Tobacco Smoking on Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States During 1975–2000
Moolgavkar SH, Holford TR, Levy DT, Kong CY, Foy M, Clarke L, Jeon J, Hazelton WD, Meza R, Schultz F, McCarthy W, Boer R, Gorlova O, Gazelle GS, Kimmel M, McMahon PM, de Koning HJ, Feuer EJ. Impact of Reduced Tobacco Smoking on Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States During 1975–2000. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2012, 104: 541-548. PMID: 22423009, PMCID: PMC3317881, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs136.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung cancer deathsLung cancer mortalityCancer deathSmoking behaviorCancer mortalityMajor public health problemTobacco controlPublic health problemTobacco control strategiesNumber of deathsSmoking historyTobacco smokingLung cancerGroups of investigatorsBirth cohortHealth problemsFirst reportSmokingMortalityDeathUnited StatesWomenMenCohortCancer
2003
Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms, alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk
Zheng T, Holford T, Zahm S, Owens P, Boyle P, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Wise J, Stephenson L, Ali-Osman F. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms, alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk. British Journal Of Cancer 2003, 88: 58-62. PMID: 12556960, PMCID: PMC2376773, DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600708.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer riskGSTT1 null genotypeCancer riskAlcohol consumptionGST genotypesBreast cancerPostmenopausal womenGenetic polymorphismsIncident breast cancer patientsGlutathione S-transferase M1Breast cancer patientsT1 genetic polymorphismsCase-control studyGSTT1 genetic polymorphismsGlutathione S-transferaseS-transferase M1Cancer patientsEffect modificationGSTM1 genotypeHigh riskNew Haven CountyYounger ageCancerWomenRisk
2002
Use of hair colouring products and breast cancer risk a case–control study in Connecticut
Zheng T, Holford T, Mayne S, Owens P, Boyle P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zahm S. Use of hair colouring products and breast cancer risk a case–control study in Connecticut. European Journal Of Cancer 2002, 38: 1647-1652. PMID: 12142056, DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00138-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRadiation exposure from diagnostic and therapeutic treatments and risk of breast cancer
Zheng T, Holford TR, Mayne ST, Luo J, Owens PH, Zhang B, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Radiation exposure from diagnostic and therapeutic treatments and risk of breast cancer. European Journal Of Cancer Prevention 2002, 11: 229-235. PMID: 12131656, DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200206000-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancerTherapeutic radiation treatmentRadiation treatmentOdds ratioTherapeutic radiationSkin problemsBreast cancer risk factorsRadiation exposureCancer risk factorsBreast cancer riskCase-control studyDiagnostic X-ray exposurePostmenopausal womenRisk factorsCancer riskHigh riskYounger ageTherapeutic treatmentCancerDiagnostic X-raysPerson interviewsTreatmentX-ray exposureRiskStructured questionnaireA case-control study of occupation and breast-cancer risk in Connecticut.
Zheng T, Holford T, Taylor Mayne S, Luo J, Hansen Owens P, Hoar Zahm S, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Boyle P. A case-control study of occupation and breast-cancer risk in Connecticut. Journal Of Cancer Epidemiology And Prevention 2002, 7: 3-11. PMID: 12369604, DOI: 10.1080/14766650252962621.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2001
Lactation and breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Connecticut
Zheng T, Holford T, Mayne S, Owens P, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Boyle P, Zahm S. Lactation and breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Connecticut. British Journal Of Cancer 2001, 84: 1472-1476. PMID: 11384096, PMCID: PMC2363665, DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1793.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer riskBreast cancerCancer riskIncident breast cancer casesMajor risk factorCase-control studyBreast cancer casesRisk reductionMenopausal statusParous womenPostmenopausal womenInverse associationRisk factorsCancer casesStudy interviewersFurther stratificationFirst childWomenStructured questionnaireLifetime durationCancerRiskLactationChildrenBreastfeeding
2000
Oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor in breast adipose tissue and risk of female breast cancer.
Zheng T, Holford T, Tessari J, Mayne S, Zahm S, Owens P, Zhang B, Ward B, Carter D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Dubrow R, Boyle P. Oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor in breast adipose tissue and risk of female breast cancer. Journal Of Cancer Epidemiology And Prevention 2000, 5: 153-60. PMID: 11051111.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdipose tissue levelsBreast cancer riskFemale breast cancerBreast adipose tissueBreast cancerRisk factorsOdds ratioAdipose tissueBenign breast disease controlsFemale breast cancer riskPrimary breast cancer patientsCovariate-adjusted odds ratioEnvironmental exposuresProgesterone receptor statusBreast cancer patientsRecent epidemiological studiesMenopausal statusReceptor statusHighest quartileEpidemiological studiesCancerMajor metaboliteRiskStructured questionnaireOverall significant impact
1997
Risk of tongue cancer associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption: a case-control study
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Jiang P, Zhang B, Boyle P. Risk of tongue cancer associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption: a case-control study. Oral Oncology 1997, 33: 82-85. PMID: 9231164, DOI: 10.1016/s0964-1955(96)00056-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTongue cancerCase-control studyTobacco smokingAlcohol drinkingRisk factorsCurrent smokersCigarette equivalentsQuitting smokingEffect modificationTobacco consumptionSmokingAlcohol consumptionNumber of casesSignificant associationCancerYoung populationRiskRecent studiesDrinkingDaysSmokersYearsStudyDiseaseWeeks
1996
Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of bladder cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Z. J, Mayne S, Liu W, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of bladder cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 68: 172-176. PMID: 8900423, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19961009)68:2<172::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-v.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrinary bladder cancerMajor risk factorBladder cancerRisk factorsIncidence rateBirth-cohort patternSmoking-related cancersAnalytical epidemiologic studiesTime trendsTobacco smokingCigarette smokingLung cancerOccupational exposureEpidemiologic studiesCancerMarked increaseSmokingCohort effectsMalesRecent studiesCurrent studyFemalesIncidenceStudyConnecticutTime trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Chen Y, Z. J, Flannery J, Liu W, Russi M, Boyle P. Time trend and age‐period‐cohort effect on incidence of thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 67: 504-509. PMID: 8759608, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960807)67:4<504::aid-ijc7>3.0.co;2-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsThyroid cancerChildhood conditionsOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesRadiation treatmentBirth cohort effectsBirth cohort analysisTime trendsCohort effectsObserved time trendsIncidence ratePapillary carcinomaCohort analysisCancerCohortIncidenceNeckMalesFemalesUnited StatesRecent studiesTreatmentCurrent studyCarcinomaContinuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992
Zheng T, Holford T, Ma Z, Ward B, Flannery J, Boyle P. Continuing increase in incidence of germ‐cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from Connecticut, USA, 1935–1992. International Journal Of Cancer 1996, 65: 723-729. PMID: 8631581, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960315)65:6<723::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGerm cell testis cancerTestis cancerHistologic typeEpidemiologic studiesOverall age-adjusted incidence rateStrong birth cohort effectAge-adjusted incidence ratesEarly lifetime exposuresAnalytical epidemiologic studiesDescriptive epidemiologic studyAge group 20Birth cohort effectsObserved incidence patternsIncidence rateRisk factorsGroup 20Cancer registrationLifetime exposureIncidence patternsLarger sample sizeSeminomaCancerCohort modelingYoung adultsCohort
1995
Time trend in pancreatic cancer incidence in connecticut, 1935–1990
Zheng T, Holford T, Ward B, McKay L, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend in pancreatic cancer incidence in connecticut, 1935–1990. International Journal Of Cancer 1995, 61: 622-627. PMID: 7768634, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910610507.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge-adjusted incidence ratesIncidence rateRecent birth cohortsPancreatic cancerBirth cohortIncident pancreatic cancer casesPancreatic cancer incidence ratesAge groupsAge-specific incidence ratesPancreatic cancer incidenceConnecticut Tumor RegistryBirth cohort trendsPancreatic cancer casesCancer incidence ratesTumor RegistryCancer incidenceCancer casesCohort modelingCohort trendsTime trendsCohortCancerIncidenceSex
1994
Time trends in the incidence of renal carcinoma: Analysis of connecticut tumor registry data, 1935‐1989
Katz D, Zheng T, Holford T, Flannery J. Time trends in the incidence of renal carcinoma: Analysis of connecticut tumor registry data, 1935‐1989. International Journal Of Cancer 1994, 58: 57-63. PMID: 8014016, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910580111.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransitional cell carcinomaConnecticut Tumor RegistryCell carcinomaIncidence rateRenal cancerPopulation-based cancer registriesIncidence of adenocarcinomaTime trendsCohort effectsRegression modellingEffect of ageTumor RegistryCancer RegistryIncident casesUrinary tractRenal carcinomaBirth cohortCarcinomaAdenocarcinomaRate of riseIncidenceNegative cohort effectRegistryCancerMales
1992
Time trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935–89
Zheng T, Mayne S, Holford T, Boyle P, Liu W, Chen Y, Mador M, Flannery J. Time trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935–89. Cancer Causes & Control 1992, 3: 481-492. PMID: 1525329, DOI: 10.1007/bf00051361.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSquamous cell carcinomaIncidence rateCell carcinomaEsophageal cancerBirth cohortOverall age-adjusted incidence rateAge-adjusted incidence ratesConnecticut Tumor RegistryEsophageal cancer casesTime trendsEsophageal cancer ratesObserved time trendsGastric cardiaHistologic typeTumor RegistryIncident casesCancer ratesCancer casesAdenocarcinomaIncidence patternsEsophagusCancerLower thirdRegression modelingWhite malesA reversal in the long‐term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma
Roush G, McKay L, Holford T. A reversal in the long‐term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma. Cancer 1992, 69: 1714-1720. PMID: 1551056, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920401)69:7<1714::aid-cncr2820690712>3.0.co;2-z.Peer-Reviewed Original Research