Effects of smoking and oral contraception on plasma β-carotene levels in healthy women
Palan P, Romney S, Vermund S, Mikhail M, Basu J. Effects of smoking and oral contraception on plasma β-carotene levels in healthy women. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 1989, 161: 881-885. PMID: 2801833, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90742-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPlasma beta-carotene levelsBeta-carotene levelsOral contraceptive usersCigarette smokingHealthy womenOral contraceptionRetinol levelsContraceptive usersPlasma concentrationsLower plasma beta-carotene levelOral contraceptive usageOral contraceptive useEffect of smokingNormal healthy womenHigher retinol levelsPlasma vitamin levelsStudy plasma concentrationsCross-sectional studyIntrauterine contraceptive deviceLow plasma concentrationsGeneral Health QuestionnaireTime of recruitmentMethod of contraceptionPatient ageSmoking habitsPlasma reduced and total ascorbic acid in healthy women: Effects of smoking and oral contraception
Basu J, Vermund S, Mikhail M, Palan P, Romney S. Plasma reduced and total ascorbic acid in healthy women: Effects of smoking and oral contraception. Contraception 1989, 39: 85-93. PMID: 2910648, DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(89)90017-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPlasma ascorbic acid levelsAscorbic acid levelsOral contraceptionAcid levelsTAA levelsOral contraceptive useAssociation of smokingEffect of smokingNormal healthy subjectsSignificant confounding variablesMethod of contraceptionPack yearsHealthy womenSmoking statusFood intakeHealthy subjectsContraceptive useIUD methodStudy questionnaireConfounding variablesDietary statusSmokersSmokingContraceptionOne-way analysis