Climate Change and Health Seminar: "Vulnerability of Latino/a & indigenous immigrants to climate disasters: case study of the Thomas Fire in California"
December 02, 2020Dr. Michael Méndez; Assistant Professor - School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine
Dr. Michael Méndez joined the Yale Center on Climate Change and Health's seminar series to speak on his work with the Latino/a and indigenous communities affected by wildfires in California.
November 30, 2020
Information
- ID
- 5954
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- DCA Citation Guide
Transcript
- 00:01- So, hi everyone,
- 00:02welcome to join us
- 00:03and thank you for your patience
- 00:05and welcome to the Yeltsin town country
- 00:09to the house seminar,
- 00:10I'm today's moderator, Kai Chen,
- 00:13Assistant Professor
- 00:14at the Yale School of Public Health.
- 00:16If you have any questions during the presentation,
- 00:19please use the chat box
- 00:22and the speaker will answer them
- 00:24at the end of the seminar.
- 00:26So today, we're very pleased
- 00:28to have Dr. Michael Mendez join us
- 00:32who will talk about the vulnerabilities
- 00:35of Latino communities
- 00:37during the Thomas Fire in California.
- 00:40So Dr. Mendez is an Assistant Professor
- 00:44at the School of Social Ecology
- 00:47of the University of California, Irvine.
- 00:51So he has more than a decade experience
- 00:55in the public and private sectors
- 00:57and he was recently appointed
- 01:00by the National Academy of Science,
- 01:02Engineering and Medicine
- 01:04to the board on on Environmental Change
- 01:07and Society.
- 01:09He recently has a new book published
- 01:11by the Yale press
- 01:14named "Climate Change from the Streets",
- 01:17which provides an urgent and timely analysis
- 01:21of the continuous policies
- 01:24of incorporating environmental justice
- 01:27into global climate change process.
- 01:29So without further ado,
- 01:31I'm handing over to Dr. Michael Mendez
- 01:34and looking forward to his talk.
- 01:37- Great, good morning.
- 01:38Thank you, such a pleasure to be back at Yale
- 01:40at least through Zoom.
- 01:42So thank you to Robert
- 01:44and everyone with the Climate and Health Center
- 01:47at the Yale School Public Health
- 01:50and sorry, I'm a little bit late,
- 01:52I got mixed up with the time so but I'm happy.
- 01:54It's online when I got the email.
- 01:57So today I'm gonna be talking
- 01:59about some research I actually started
- 02:01at the Yale School of the Environment,
- 02:02I'm looking at the "Disparate Impacts
- 02:04of Wildfires on Undocumented Immigrants"
- 02:07and specifically looking at "Lessons
- 02:09on Inclusive Disaster
- 02:10and Climate Adaptation Planning",
- 02:14so as many of you know, in California,
- 02:16over the last four or five months,
- 02:19we have been experiencing
- 02:20major climate change crises
- 02:23and in the last two months alone,
- 02:25millions of people have been impacted by fires,
- 02:28blackouts, heat waves, worsening air quality
- 02:32and of course, the ever present COVID-19 pandemic
- 02:35and of course, loss of life and property.
- 02:38These are all major life events
- 02:40and the five of the 10 largest wildfires
- 02:44by acreage ever recorded in California
- 02:47occurred within the last three months.
- 02:50These compounds of disaster
- 02:52have a corresponding health,
- 02:54social and economic impacts to people,
- 02:56especially people of color
- 03:00and these individuals have suffered multiple weeks
- 03:03of unhealthy air,
- 03:05and that has been worsening throughout California.
- 03:08So today, I'm gonna be speaking
- 03:09about some of the research that I did,
- 03:11I co-authored it with community based organizations
- 03:14on immigrant rights group,
- 03:16a migrant rights group
- 03:17as well as an environmental justice group
- 03:19that were on the front lines
- 03:20during the 2018 Thomas wildfire,
- 03:25so our presentation is gonna talk
- 03:26about how these individuals
- 03:29on these community groups stepped up
- 03:31when there was no official government response
- 03:33for undocumented immigrant communities.
- 03:35So these individuals were rendered invisible,
- 03:39not because they live in the shadows,
- 03:41not because people didn't know they were there
- 03:43but they're rendered invisible
- 03:44because of systemic racism
- 03:46and cultural norms of who's considered
- 03:49a worthy disaster victim
- 03:51and oftentimes, undocumented immigrants
- 03:54are not considered worthy disaster victims,
- 03:55therefore, they're rendered invisible
- 03:57and important resources,
- 03:59government resources, disaster relief,
- 04:02therefore is withheld from them,
- 04:04which makes them more vulnerable
- 04:06to disasters such as wildfires.
- 04:10So it's important to understand
- 04:11that Disaster Risk Reduction starts first
- 04:14and foremost with social integration of migrants.
- 04:18I just mentioned that
- 04:19how these migrants were undocumented immigrants
- 04:22were rendered invisible
- 04:23because of systemic racism
- 04:24and cultural norms
- 04:25of who they were they disaster victim,
- 04:27so if you bring in undocumented immigrant,
- 04:30if you really wanna address Disaster Risk Reduction
- 04:33before disaster you have
- 04:34to acknowledge the existing inequalities
- 04:36that undocumented immigrants experience
- 04:39their pre-disaster marginalized status
- 04:42and try to integrate
- 04:43and reduce those inequalities
- 04:45before disaster happens
- 04:47because when a disaster happens,
- 04:49that compounds in exasperates existing inequality
- 04:53so the point is to understand
- 04:54their pre-disaster marginalized status,
- 04:59as I mentioned before,
- 05:00this is some research that, first
- 05:02that was recently published by Geoforum,
- 05:05which is the leading human geography
- 05:07on journal in the field
- 05:09and we call it "the Invisible Victims of Disaster"
- 05:13and I chose a community based on research project
- 05:17and giving the migrant rights group
- 05:19and environmental justice groups authorship
- 05:21of this research
- 05:23and we worked jointly and collaboratively
- 05:25on the research questions,
- 05:26the data and of course, the analysis
- 05:28and throughout the publication.
- 05:34Oh, my God, this is the older version.
- 05:39So I just wanna show you some issues
- 05:43about disaster recovery resources here,
- 05:47this is an outline,
- 05:51that minus one of the assembly members
- 05:53where my parents live in Sylmar, California
- 05:55which is in the northeast part of Los Angeles
- 05:59and Sylmar, California
- 06:00is the working class immigrant community
- 06:03but it's important to note here
- 06:04when you go for disaster assistance of funds,
- 06:09you need to have a social security number
- 06:11and you need to have a bank account
- 06:12to receive federal disaster relief funds.
- 06:14Undocumented immigrants are not eligible to that,
- 06:18my parents, luckily are now US citizens
- 06:22they are homeowners.
- 06:23So their vulnerability is very different
- 06:25on the other Latino migrant communities.
- 06:29So oftentimes in disaster relief funding and practices,
- 06:34these ideas of Latinos
- 06:36being homogenous is integrated into policies
- 06:39and it does not effectively address
- 06:43all the issues that are happening
- 06:45to these communities.
- 06:46For example, these are some headlines
- 06:48that have happened over the year
- 06:50the Kincade Fire,
- 06:51which is in Northern California,
- 06:52Sonoma and Napa area,
- 06:54it talks about how farm workers had to flee
- 06:56from their houses, from the worker camps
- 06:59that they lived without gas
- 07:00and had to make shift shelters
- 07:03on nearby beaches and other parks
- 07:07because they were afraid to go to
- 07:08on the designated shelters that the county
- 07:10and local governments did
- 07:12for fear of deportation of ice,
- 07:15the Homeland Security coming in
- 07:16and taking them as well.
- 07:17There's also issues with language access.
- 07:22Oftentimes, when you talk
- 07:24about undocumented immigrants
- 07:26that are coming from Latin America,
- 07:27you think they're all Latino or Hispanic
- 07:30but a lot of them are indigenous,
- 07:32there were indigenous Mexicans
- 07:34or indigenous individuals from other countries
- 07:36and many of them are illiterate
- 07:39and many of them don't speak Spanish,
- 07:41let alone English.
- 07:42So to be able to communicate to them
- 07:44is quite important in their own languages,
- 07:47particularly in an oral fashion
- 07:49and then on the right hand side shows
- 07:51about domestic workers.
- 07:52Also domestic workers are also
- 07:55along with an undocumented farm workers
- 07:58are often asked to enter mandatory evacuation zones,
- 08:02when the rest of the general public is asked
- 08:05to leave and flee for public health
- 08:06and safety issues.
- 08:07These individuals are asked to go
- 08:09into evacuation zones
- 08:10either if there's a domestic worker trying
- 08:12to get some of the goods and services,
- 08:15the goods that are in that house
- 08:18or undocumented workers
- 08:20that have to go into the fields
- 08:21to harvest the crops to protect them
- 08:25from smoking ash that are coming down.
- 08:27So it's a lot of inequalities
- 08:29about individual
- 08:30and oftentimes, these undocumented workers
- 08:33cannot file restitution or claims for,
- 08:37again, fear of deportation.
- 08:40So quick roadmap of what I'll be covering today
- 08:42is understanding well fire and inequality,
- 08:45an overview of the Thomas wildfire
- 08:47and its impact on undocumented immigrants
- 08:50and then broader policy implications
- 08:52and recommendations based on the research
- 08:54that we did as a community based project again.
- 08:57According to a recent Proceedings
- 08:59of the National Academies,
- 09:00climate change is making wildfire season longer
- 09:03and more severe.
- 09:04On average wildfires
- 09:05in the western United States burn six times
- 09:08the acreage they did 45 years ago,
- 09:11in California, Sierra Nevada,
- 09:12the frequency of wildfires since 1970,
- 09:15has increased by 256%,
- 09:18as the mountain snowpack melts earlier
- 09:21and the fire season extends year around,
- 09:24here it shows that 50 of the 20 largest wildfire
- 09:29by acreage in California has incurred since 2000
- 09:33and then you see here in this graphic
- 09:35that was done earlier in the year
- 09:37on the Thomas wildfire,
- 09:38which happened in December 2017
- 09:40and ended 40 days later in January 2018.
- 09:44It was the second largest wildfire
- 09:46until July of this year
- 09:49but then all the wildfires happen in California
- 09:53and it got knocked down to six in this graph
- 09:56and there's a new updated table
- 09:58that has a Thomas Fire number Seven
- 10:01as the seventh largest wildfire by acreage,
- 10:04so in just three months five other wildfires
- 10:10overtook the Thomas wildfire as being the largest,
- 10:14so the intensity and severity
- 10:15of wildfires are happening more and more
- 10:18here in California.
- 10:20While climate scientists expect wildfires
- 10:22to become more frequent and severe,
- 10:24it is important to explore how some people
- 10:26and communities are more affected
- 10:28by these events and others.
- 10:30Differences in human vulnerability
- 10:32to wildfire stem from a range of social,
- 10:34economic, historical and political factors.
- 10:37These factors include unequal access
- 10:40to disaster preparedness, knowledge
- 10:41and resources, contrasts and legacies
- 10:44of forest management practices,
- 10:46an expansion of residential development
- 10:48into the wildland.
- 10:50Researchers at the University of Washington
- 10:52recently analyzed
- 10:54the unequal vulnerability of wildfires
- 10:56for communities of color,
- 10:58they use the social ecological approach
- 11:00to determine wildfire vulnerability
- 11:02across 70,000 census tracts in the United States.
- 11:07This map here shows wildfire potential,
- 11:09as determined by the US Forest Service
- 11:11by census tract
- 11:13and they're by and there's 29 million people
- 11:16that are vulnerable to a wildfire
- 11:18throughout the United States
- 11:20and this again, it's only based on landscape risk,
- 11:23that means how close you live next to a forest
- 11:25or some type of landscape
- 11:27that can catch on fire
- 11:28and does not look at social demographics
- 11:31or what we call social vulnerability.
- 11:34The second map,
- 11:35however, takes into account
- 11:36both landscape wildfire risk
- 11:38and socio-economic factors
- 11:40to determine how likely an area's to adapt to
- 11:43and recover from a wildfire.
- 11:45They measure it by using data
- 11:46from the 2014 census census on race,
- 11:50income, language, education, housing,
- 11:53and several other factors.
- 11:55The research has found that communities
- 11:56of color specifically those census tracts
- 11:59within majority black, Latino,
- 12:01or Native American, are 50% more vulnerable
- 12:05to wildfires compared to other census tracts.
- 12:08This research shows that the 29 million Americans
- 12:11who live in areas with significant chance
- 12:14of extreme wildfires are white
- 12:17and social economically secure.
- 12:19Traditional analysis often obscure the fact
- 12:22that black Latino
- 12:23and Native American people have worse prospects
- 12:25for recovery from wildfire.
- 12:28In California,
- 12:29while many of these fire prone places
- 12:32are largely populated by higher income groups,
- 12:36they are also include hundreds of thousands
- 12:38of low income individuals
- 12:39who lack the resources
- 12:43to prepare or recover from the wildfire.
- 12:45These numbers will likely surge according
- 12:47to the California fourth Climate Assessment Report,
- 12:51which projects at the state's wildfire burn area
- 12:54will increase by 77% by the end of the century.
- 12:58The State of California
- 12:59recently just updated their own maps
- 13:03to include social vulnerability
- 13:05but until recently,
- 13:07they did not have any wildfire maps
- 13:10based on social vulnerability.
- 13:12Understanding social vulnerability,
- 13:14particularly for undocumented immigrants
- 13:16is important because even existing social border
- 13:19building maps such as the one we see here
- 13:21by the University of Washington are still inadequate.
- 13:24If we zero in on the communities
- 13:27and counties of Santa Barbara and Ventura County,
- 13:30it shows that it has a low level
- 13:33of social vulnerability to wildfire.
- 13:35That's because there's a high level
- 13:36of high income individuals in Santa Barbara Ventura
- 13:39and moreover, because undocumented immigrants
- 13:42are often undercounted in the US Census,
- 13:45so it doesn't accurately show
- 13:47that the level of social vulnerability
- 13:49doesn't have that a contextual,
- 13:51what they call contextual vulnerability analysis,
- 13:56identifying those
- 13:57that are most socially vulnerable,
- 13:58it's important because in California Rural low income
- 14:01and immigrant communities,
- 14:02residents often do not have the required resources
- 14:05to pay for insurance, rebuild
- 14:08or to invest in fire safety,
- 14:10which increases their vulnerability to wildfire.
- 14:14Such outcomes occurring during
- 14:16and after wildfires
- 14:17have major environmental justice implications
- 14:20and that certain populations
- 14:21due to their socio economic status,
- 14:23must live with the disproportionate share
- 14:26of environmental impacts
- 14:27and suffer the related public health
- 14:29and quality of life burdens.
- 14:32In a few moments,
- 14:33I'm gonna jump into the case study
- 14:36and look at the disaster impacts
- 14:39from the Thomas wildfire,
- 14:41but first, I would like to provide some background
- 14:43on the fire and some demographics
- 14:46on undocumented immigrants in the region.
- 14:49On December 4th, 2017,
- 14:52the Thomas Fire started north of the city
- 14:54of Santa Paula and Ventura County,
- 14:56it grew quickly to nearly 31,000 acres
- 14:59or 50 square miles
- 15:00in less than 12 hours,
- 15:02its explosive growth was driven
- 15:04by a combination of climactic events
- 15:06including dry foliage, low humidity
- 15:09and intense Santa Ana winds
- 15:11that gusted up to 60 miles per hour.
- 15:13At the time of final containment
- 15:15on January 20th, 2018,
- 15:1840 days later,
- 15:19the Thomas Fire would be classified
- 15:21as a second largest wildfire
- 15:23in California's history.
- 15:24The firestorm affected hundreds of thousands
- 15:27of residents in the counties of Ventura
- 15:29and Santa Barbara,
- 15:30resulting in massive blackouts,
- 15:32destruction of over 1000 buildings
- 15:34and the fatality of one firefighter,
- 15:37media outlets across the country focus
- 15:39on news reports and loss of coastal
- 15:42and hillside mansions
- 15:43and impacts to wealthy farm owners and homeowners.
- 15:47The Thomas Fire however,
- 15:48not only destroyed expensive property and crops
- 15:51but it also endanger the health
- 15:53and livelihood of thousands
- 15:54of undocumented immigrants.
- 15:56California is home
- 15:58to an estimated 2.5 million undocumented immigrants,
- 16:01many of whom are foreign workers
- 16:02or employed in service jobs
- 16:05such as housekeeping and landscaping.
- 16:07In Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties
- 16:09undocumented immigrants are estimated
- 16:12to account for more than 9%
- 16:14of the total population or 111,000 people.
- 16:17So Ventura and Santa Barbara counties
- 16:20are heavily fire prone and drought impacted area,
- 16:23the landscape and between mountains
- 16:25and oceans creates vulnerabilities
- 16:27and housing, transportation
- 16:29and the infrastructure in the region.
- 16:31It's a major agricultural
- 16:33and tourism industries with low rates immigrant workforce
- 16:38and there's a high level racial
- 16:40and economic inequality and a lack of political
- 16:43and economic inclusion.
- 16:49While relief efforts
- 16:50in the Thomas Fire have largely been praised
- 16:52as effective, immigrant workers
- 16:55were especially impacted from the fire
- 16:56due to the loss of employment,
- 16:58the lack of evacuation information
- 17:01in their native language,
- 17:02confusion about eligibility
- 17:04for Disaster Relief Services
- 17:06and port infrastructure and housing
- 17:08in immigrant communities,
- 17:09undocumented immigrants socio-economic situation
- 17:12is usually precarious.
- 17:14However, that wildfire disaster intensified
- 17:16they're already difficult situation.
- 17:18The Thomas Fire reviewed revealed
- 17:21how undocumented immigrants
- 17:23and those with seasonal work via visas
- 17:25require special consideration
- 17:27and disaster planning.
- 17:29These individuals are often afraid
- 17:31to seek help and restitution during
- 17:33and after a wildfire disaster
- 17:36for fear of deportation,
- 17:37undocumented immigrants are also unable
- 17:40to access Disaster Relief Services
- 17:42because of language barriers
- 17:43and prohibition
- 17:44from assessing federal disaster
- 17:46relief assistant programes.
- 17:48On this picture
- 17:49shows the two community research partners
- 17:51that I work with on this co-authored
- 17:53the Mixteco Indigina Community Organizing Project
- 17:56or MICOP
- 17:57and that's a picture of Genevieve Flores-Haro,
- 18:01one of the co-authors,
- 18:02she's holding in her hands,
- 18:04a couple boxes of N95 masks
- 18:07that they were distributing to farm workers
- 18:10because employers
- 18:11and supervisors were not providing PPEE
- 18:13on even though there was a toxic smoke circulated
- 18:17in air as these these workers laboured
- 18:20into the fields.
- 18:21Also on the right hand side is the other committee
- 18:24to co-author on the Central Coast Alliance United
- 18:26for a Sustainable Economy,
- 18:28that's Lucas Zucker
- 18:29and you see he's on top of empty boxes
- 18:31of thousands of N95 masks
- 18:34that were distributed because the county,
- 18:36the government, the federal government,
- 18:38as well as supervisors
- 18:40and farm owners did not pass these out.
- 18:50Governments in the region overlook the needs
- 18:52of low income farmers, Spanish
- 18:54and indigenous Mixtecal speakers
- 18:56and immigrant families.
- 18:58Ventura and Santa Barbara counties are both home
- 19:01to a growing indigenous Mexican population.
- 19:03It is estimated that over 25,000 indigenous Oaxacan people
- 19:07from southern Mexico live
- 19:09and work in Ventura County.
- 19:10Well, Santa Barbara County is home
- 19:12to a population estimated at 29,000,
- 19:15concentrated in labour intensive sectors such as row crops
- 19:19and cut flowers, indigenous migrants
- 19:21performing an increasing amount
- 19:23of the arduous labour
- 19:24which contributes to the profitability
- 19:26and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables.
- 19:29In particular, Mixtec people
- 19:30in Ventura County are culturally
- 19:32and linguistically isolated.
- 19:34Many are illiterate
- 19:36and most speak neither Spanish nor English
- 19:39but only their native language Mixtecal
- 19:41which is only oral.
- 19:43It is important to note
- 19:44that Mixtec people are not Hispanic
- 19:46or Latino but are indigenous.
- 19:48They're often homogenized
- 19:50with the general Latino population.
- 19:55The fact that they often cannot communicate
- 19:57with people
- 19:58beyond their own indigenous communities
- 19:59and pizza building,
- 20:00obtain appropriate health care, housing,
- 20:02education, negotiate with their employers
- 20:05to improve their work situation
- 20:07and exercise their basic civil rights,
- 20:10with these variables in mind,
- 20:11our research adopts the work in the field
- 20:14of public health
- 20:14that examines issues
- 20:16of intersectionality,
- 20:18that is how social categories
- 20:20such as gender, class, race, indigeneity,
- 20:24immigration status
- 20:25and other class aspects of human identity
- 20:27intersect with wildfire disaster.
- 20:30The concept of intersectionality has been used
- 20:33to highlight how these categories of culture
- 20:36and identity overlap hiding in
- 20:38the effects of discrimination,
- 20:40exclusion, social inequality
- 20:42and systemic injustice in the lives
- 20:45of specific individuals,
- 20:46an intersectional approach to wildfire disaster,
- 20:49it emphasizes how certain people
- 20:52and groups suffer worse effects
- 20:54because of overlapping factors
- 20:56that are often measured separately
- 21:00and this respect,
- 21:01we define social vulnerability to welfare
- 21:03as comprised of the risk of exposure,
- 21:05the likelihood that people
- 21:07will be affected, sensitivity,
- 21:09the degree to which people will be affected
- 21:12and adaptive capacity,
- 21:13the ability of people to prepare
- 21:15and, or recover from a wildfire
- 21:18based on available resources.
- 21:22Moreover, we ask the question
- 21:24of what does adaptive capacity mean
- 21:25for migrant communities?
- 21:27Most of the literature on adapting communities
- 21:29to wildfire focuses
- 21:30on redesigning communities focus on homeowners,
- 21:34how can we design our homes and buildings
- 21:36through land use and building codes
- 21:38but what does this mean
- 21:39to migrant undocumented communities
- 21:42on terms of language access,
- 21:44worker health and safety rights,
- 21:46immigration status and access
- 21:47to disaster relief
- 21:49and housing and transportation impacts.
- 21:53So now I'm finally gonna jump
- 21:55into some of the impacts
- 21:56that were present through the Thomas wildfire.
- 22:00There was an equity in terms of language access
- 22:03to Emergency Information,
- 22:05while this area has a large proportion
- 22:09of Latino and Hispanic individuals
- 22:12that speak Spanish in the area
- 22:13and have been living here for generations.
- 22:16The counties of interest Santa Barbara counties
- 22:18did not have anyone in their emergency services
- 22:21to do live translations,
- 22:24so that the fire raged on for nearly 10 days
- 22:28and there was no translation
- 22:30of Emergency Information
- 22:31that included advisory alerts
- 22:33about poor air quality,
- 22:36about sheltering about emergency evacuations
- 22:39about boiler or alerts.
- 22:41What they did on the fourth day
- 22:43is put a Google Translate tool on top
- 22:45in their websites
- 22:46as well as on top of Emergency Information
- 22:51and it had one sentence in Spanish
- 22:53that read that if you don't speak English,
- 22:56please take this Emergency Information note
- 22:59to somebody that can translate it for you
- 23:02and then the Google Translate
- 23:04at the time this was about three years ago
- 23:06was not as refined as it is today
- 23:09and when you would type in a wildfire,
- 23:13it would be translated as hairbrush
- 23:16so there was a lot of inequities that occurred,
- 23:20it took about 10 days
- 23:21for the state of California to land somebody
- 23:26from the Governor's Office of Emergency services
- 23:28to help do light translations
- 23:31but in the interim,
- 23:32MICOP and CAUSE the two communities organizations
- 23:35had to do all the translations
- 23:37in their social media platforms.
- 23:39They have a low power radio station,
- 23:42that they're able to translate in Spanish
- 23:45and Mixtecal
- 23:46and a couple other other commonly spoken languages
- 23:48in the area
- 23:52and as you can see,
- 23:52these are some of the air quality advisories
- 23:56in the wildfire in Ventura,
- 23:58the maroon and dark purple areas
- 24:01is where a lot of the farms are working
- 24:03and these are mandatory evacuation zones
- 24:07but oftentimes, still,
- 24:09farm workers are still entering
- 24:11into these mandatory evacuation zones
- 24:13to work in and protect some of the crops
- 24:16from smoke and ash.
- 24:18As you see from here,
- 24:19there's a safe drinking water access.
- 24:21So none of this was translated
- 24:23for nearly two weeks
- 24:25and MICOP through the radio station
- 24:29and other social communication platforms was able
- 24:32to translate that
- 24:34and get it to about 30,000 people in the region.
- 24:38The community, as I mentioned before,
- 24:40had to step up
- 24:40because there was no official government response.
- 24:44Even though these individuals
- 24:45have been living here for four generations.
- 24:48As the counties there Santa Barbara, Ventura
- 24:52and even the state decided not to invest
- 24:56any resources ahead of disasters
- 24:59and protecting the socially vulnerable community.
- 25:04So they had a lot of hazard
- 25:05and mitigation plans in effect,
- 25:08but none of them talked about social vulnerability
- 25:10and specifically undocumented immigrants
- 25:13and farm workers
- 25:15and one of the major impacts was worker health
- 25:18and safety impacts
- 25:19as I showed in the previous slides,
- 25:21MICOP and CAUSE had to distribute PP equipment
- 25:25because this was not provided
- 25:27by the state county governments,
- 25:29let alone their employers.
- 25:31So they got some funds donated
- 25:35from private and other government sources
- 25:38to go and purchase some of these N95 masks,
- 25:41goggles and gloves as well
- 25:44and here are some of the interviews
- 25:46that we did from our research.
- 25:48Some of the farm workers,
- 25:49a farm worker from Oxford told us
- 25:50during the fire I worked three days
- 25:50without a mask.
- 25:51It caused me headaches and watery eyes
- 25:52as well as a cough.
- 25:53We were scared
- 25:54because we were very near
- 25:55where the fire was occurring.
- 25:55The masks were not handed out
- 25:56until the city came to regulate.
- 25:57Another farm worker told us,
- 25:58we all got sick our throats closed
- 25:59in from breathing too much smoke
- 26:00and our kids couldn't go to school.
- 26:00We had to buy mask and medicine for our throats
- 26:01and some goggles because my eyes were irritated
- 26:02when I worked.
- 26:03There was also economic
- 26:04and health impacts on workers,
- 26:05in particular, some of these farms did burn down
- 26:05or it was just too hazardous to go work
- 26:06so they were shut down.
- 26:07So a lot of people lost income
- 26:08and a waste to support their family as well.
- 26:09There was black and there was mudslides
- 26:10after the fires that occurred finished
- 26:10in mid January,
- 26:11there was a torrential rains that came
- 26:12and created mudslides,
- 26:13major mudslides that that were caused
- 26:14from the fire debris as well
- 26:15and that also killed additional people
- 26:15that will we'll be speaking about come shortly.
- 26:16A domestic worker service workers
- 26:17also were impacted.
- 26:18Some of these mansions
- 26:19in the states were burned down
- 26:20to the ground and he did not have any sources
- 26:20of income as as undocumented migrants there
- 26:21during eligible for unemployment relief funds
- 26:22as well as a federal disaster relief funds.
- 26:23One of our informants one of the people
- 26:24we interviewed also told us
- 26:25about the neck Woody's that were happening.
- 26:25For instance, one of the domestic workers told us
- 26:26as well as the Los Angeles Times
- 26:27that while her her employer threat fled the home
- 26:28because it was a mandatory evacuation zone,
- 26:29she asked a domestic worker to stay
- 26:30and safeguard the house
- 26:30and to be able to get a couple items
- 26:31if the fire would get too close to the house.
- 26:32So these individuals were asked,
- 26:33not forced but asked and pressure
- 26:34to stay in mandatory fire evacuation zone.
- 26:35Here's some additional quotes
- 26:35from one landscaper in Santa Barbara.
- 26:36I could not get to the homes
- 26:37where I work because the streets were close
- 26:38to the homes I worked at were destroyed.
- 26:39One of my good friends was lost
- 26:40during the most mudflow.
- 26:40He had only been living in Montecito
- 26:41for three weeks before he died.
- 26:42I myself a cancer survivor
- 26:43and the only one who provides for the family.
- 26:44Another worker told us the day
- 26:45of the fire started the sky was covered with smoke
- 26:45and we were sent home.
- 26:46The next day we didn't work
- 26:47because it was dangerous due to the fire.
- 26:48We lost power because it was cut off
- 26:49by the fire and we lost food
- 26:50and melt for our kids. During the mudslides.
- 26:50We couldn't get to work
- 26:51and we're told to stay home for two days.
- 26:52As I mentioned before immigration status
- 26:53and disaster aid really limits people's
- 26:54in adaptive capacity,
- 26:55how they're going to bounce back
- 26:55from the disaster and recover,
- 26:56so that they're not provided
- 26:57with government resources
- 26:58even though they're contributing to the economy
- 26:59in our society.
- 27:00As a result, migrant rights groups
- 27:00and other social justice
- 27:01and nonprofit groups in the region
- 27:02create the 805 undock cufon this was modelled off
- 27:03of the original undocumented Sonoma
- 27:04and Napa County for the fires
- 27:05that happen on about six months earlier on
- 27:05and so this was modelled after Napa Sonoma
- 27:06and as you can see from here
- 27:07on total relief was provided
- 27:08to nearly 2000 families
- 27:09on almost 4000 undocumented people
- 27:10and over 7000 mixed status individuals
- 27:10and over $2 million has been raised
- 27:11on their continued to raise as these fires
- 27:12and other COVID-19 persists
- 27:13and but often there's a waiting list
- 27:14because there's not enough funding on
- 27:15to support all undocumented families
- 27:15that want to be supported through the spine.
- 27:16It's important to note that these mix families
- 27:17that mix families should not have to go
- 27:18to a private disaster relief fund like this
- 27:19but many are for fear of on deportation
- 27:20because even though a mixed family is a family
- 27:20that has a US resident or US citizen
- 27:21and but there's also undocumented migrants
- 27:22within that household living
- 27:23in the same household
- 27:24and so they're eligible
- 27:25but by being residents or US citizens
- 27:25but under the Trump administration
- 27:26as you fill out, these FEMA forms,
- 27:27there is a disclosure there that states
- 27:28that this information may
- 27:29or may be shared with ice,
- 27:30which is immigration and customs,
- 27:30Customs and Immigration Services.
- 27:31So that really scares some families
- 27:32that are eligible for federal disaster relief
- 27:33from accessing it.
- 27:34So that that that sense of fear
- 27:35and sharing of information with ice is intentional
- 27:35and really continue contributes
- 27:36to the rendering on this population invisible.
- 27:37Here's another quote
- 27:38on regarding the undocumented.
- 27:39My husband was deported,
- 27:40just before the fire,
- 27:40I was really struggling to find work in the fields.
- 27:41I finally got hired the first week
- 27:42in December 2017
- 27:43but was let go once the fire
- 27:44and smoke grew too big
- 27:45and in the fruit spoil
- 27:45as the only breadwinner,
- 27:46I had to borrow money from friends
- 27:47and family to feed my kids.
- 27:48Our food went bad due to the power outage
- 27:49adding to our expenses.
- 27:50I am grateful for the DOC UFA,
- 27:50Funding Assistance,
- 27:51I am still in need to help
- 27:52and continue coming to MICOP for other services.
- 27:53There was also a loss of regional housing stock.
- 27:54So it wasn't just manage mega mansions
- 27:55and wealthy individuals.
- 27:55There was also housing stock lost
- 27:56and some parts of Santa Barbara
- 27:57that were multi family housing
- 27:58but any California as you may know,
- 27:59like San Francisco, on the Central Coast,
- 28:00Santa Barbara,
- 28:00in particular has an affordable housing crunch.
- 28:01So any loss of housing has an impact
- 28:02throughout the region,
- 28:03as people have to move to other housing,
- 28:04to replace their homes.
- 28:05So that increases the price
- 28:05as a rental market and price gouging.
- 28:06So there was instances
- 28:07in some of these communities
- 28:08in East Santa Barbara
- 28:09where many of the workers live,
- 28:10you had one large landowner,
- 28:10increasing rent by at least $300.
- 28:11So there's a lot in equity
- 28:12in terms of housing stock,
- 28:13the protests essentially happened
- 28:14after that price gouging
- 28:15but this is an occurrence
- 28:15that happens particularly a lot in undocumented,
- 28:16migrant communities.
- 28:17The land owners know
- 28:18that they're often these individuals
- 28:19are not going to tell the government
- 28:20and so they feel that they can get away with this.
- 28:20There was also loss of transportation infrastructure.
- 28:21This is a picture
- 28:22of the one on one freeway one one highway.
- 28:23So this is the major arterial highway
- 28:27connecting Ventura County
- 28:29to Santa Barbara County,
- 28:34as I mentioned before the oceans on one side
- 28:35and then you have large mountains
- 28:37on the other side.
- 28:38So this is one of the most efficient,
- 28:53affordable ways to to reach Santa Barbara
- 29:06and Ventura counties
- 29:13but at the fire and the mudslides
- 29:15on blocked access
- 29:16to this area so workers could not get to work.
- 29:20So if you didn't have funds
- 29:21to find alternative forms of transportation,
- 33:32then you were really very out of luck
- 33:33and it was a situation
- 33:36where you would lose more income.
- 33:38So people with higher incomes were able
- 33:40to rent boats,
- 33:42they actually rented boats
- 33:43to get around the highway,
- 33:45other people bought expensive Amtrak tickets
- 33:49and then finally other people drove
- 33:51all the way around the mountains
- 33:52which took a lot much longer,
- 33:54a lot more gas to to get around
- 33:56but many undocumented immigrants don't have
- 33:58that extra cash
- 33:59to do these alternative transportation modes
- 34:03and then, looking at the limitations,
- 34:06now I wanna jump
- 34:07into sort of the policy implications
- 34:08of some of our research
- 34:10and particularly the limits
- 34:11of vulnerability mapping,
- 34:14current social vulnerability
- 34:15mapping renders many minority
- 34:18and poor communities of color invisible.
- 34:21For example, the University of Washington map
- 34:24shows Santa Barbara and Ventura counties
- 34:26as having low levels of social vulnerability
- 34:28due to the large proportion
- 34:30of economically secure households in the region,
- 34:33however as we've shown in our research,
- 34:35Latino and indigenous migrant communities
- 34:38were among the most impacted
- 34:40during the Thomas Fire.
- 34:41Moreover, immigration status
- 34:43has received little attention
- 34:44and disaster vulnerability mapping.
- 34:47Though a large proportion
- 34:48of disaster studies have considered race
- 34:50and ethnicity as the vulnerability factor
- 34:53impacts experienced by migrants
- 34:55require an intersectional research approach.
- 35:00Current vulnerability mapping approach
- 35:02also fails to account for the complex web
- 35:05of impacts caused by disasters
- 35:07far beyond destruction of property
- 35:09within the perimeter of the fire itself.
- 35:11Toxic smoke flows down from burning mountainside,
- 35:14settling in densely populated valleys
- 35:16below threatening outdoor workers,
- 35:18lavish hillside mansions are destroyed
- 35:20or evacuated, leaving low income migrant gardeners,
- 35:25housekeepers and caregivers unemployed.
- 35:27Tourism throughout the region shuts down
- 35:30putting thousands of hotel employees out of work.
- 35:32From the loss of housing
- 35:33and infrastructure to the closure of schools
- 35:35and job sites,
- 35:37multiple regions are impacted
- 35:39beyond the census tracts
- 35:40identified in mapping models
- 35:41of buyer landscape risk zones.
- 35:44For example, a low income migrant family
- 35:47living outside of Bern area
- 35:48whose loses several weeks of wages
- 35:51without eligibility for federal
- 35:53and state assistance may be more negatively
- 35:55impacted than a higher income homeowner
- 35:58who lives within the fire risk zone
- 36:01whose property is replaced
- 36:02by their homeowners insurance policy,
- 36:04which also pays for hotel commendations
- 36:07for them to stay in the interim.
- 36:13The policy implication here
- 36:15that I wanna drive home really
- 36:18is that existing inequalities are exacerbated
- 36:20during the disasters
- 36:21because there is no existing social safety net
- 36:24before a disaster to protect these individuals.
- 36:27So Disaster Risk Reduction must start
- 36:30with social integration of migrants
- 36:31before a disaster.
- 36:35So the COVID-19 pandemic,
- 36:36I could talk a little bit more
- 36:37about this in the Q&A, has really decimated
- 36:41some of these communities
- 36:43but this Thomas Fire
- 36:45that happened was three years ago
- 36:47and the fires in Northern California, Sonoma,
- 36:51Napa County happened about three years ago as well
- 36:56and is since those fires
- 36:58that continue to happen
- 36:59these regions have become a little bit more
- 37:03proactive in disaster planning,
- 37:04particularly groups like MICOP
- 37:06and other migrant rights groups
- 37:08have really asserted their rights
- 37:09to speak as disaster experts
- 37:13and really have demanded to be
- 37:15in some of these county
- 37:16and state government meetings as stakeholders
- 37:19and disaster planning.
- 37:21So infrastructure through protests
- 37:23and advocacy has expanded
- 37:26to be able to provide more adequate resources
- 37:30to individuals during disasters and pandemics
- 37:33and as I talked to some of these migrant groups,
- 37:36they all tell me that
- 37:37while the COVID-19 pandemic has decimated
- 37:41those communities had it not been
- 37:43for the planning after the wildfires,
- 37:45disasters and these farm worker communities,
- 37:48the COVID-19 pandemic would have been far worse
- 37:51because they had at least three years
- 37:53to become experts and demand resources
- 37:57from the state and local governments.
- 38:00So the broader policy implication
- 38:03of this research
- 38:04is to ensure inclusive disaster planning
- 38:07that we must draw on migrant community knowledge,
- 38:10embrace migrant communities
- 38:11and disaster planning, response
- 38:13and recovery and bolster a lot
- 38:15of next indigenous civil society organizations capacity
- 38:18in disaster relief and planning efforts.
- 38:22So some outcomes that happened
- 38:24since a Thomas wildfire California
- 38:27has adopted some very culturally
- 38:30and linguistically
- 38:31inclusive disaster planning resources
- 38:35requiring county and state governments
- 38:39to provide language access
- 38:41to Emergency Information
- 38:43and that's also contingent disaster relief aid.
- 38:47So if you want state disaster relief aid,
- 38:49you have to update your protocols
- 38:51on disaster planning and your language access
- 38:55and there's also been funding tied
- 38:58to cultural competency and disaster planning
- 39:00and climate resilient planning.
- 39:02So these local governments have to show
- 39:04how they're proactively working
- 39:05with socially vulnerable communities
- 39:07ahead of disaster and to their mitigation
- 39:09that hazard mitigation plans.
- 39:12Some of the recommendations,
- 39:13we end our research with that
- 39:14there should be a state wide Disaster Relief Fund
- 39:17for all regardless of immigration status.
- 39:19It's inequitable that civil society,
- 39:22particularly migrant organizations
- 39:26that have little resources have to extend
- 39:28so much of their capital
- 39:31and fundraising efforts
- 39:33to safeguard these communities
- 39:35when this should be the role
- 39:36of the state government.
- 39:37There should also be emergency funding
- 39:39for CBOs on the ground working
- 39:42with these communities.
- 39:43Again, they have little resources,
- 39:48state and local governments
- 39:49need to develop new methods
- 39:50to map socially vulnerable communities
- 39:52as I showed from the University of Washington
- 39:54on social vulnerability mapping,
- 39:56which is a great tool,
- 39:58but it still renders some communities invisible
- 40:00such as undocumented immigrants
- 40:02and into codified into law protections
- 40:05from wildfire smoke right now,
- 40:07advocates was able to work
- 40:10with the State Board of Occupational Health
- 40:13and Safety to do an emergency regulation
- 40:16for wildfire smoke.
- 40:18So when the air quality reaches 151 index,
- 40:23employers are required
- 40:24to provide a PPE N95 respirator masks
- 40:29but that's temporary
- 40:30and it's really been uneven up
- 40:32how this is enforced
- 40:34and this should be codified into law.
- 40:37So, I also had spoken to some individuals
- 40:41in Sonoma throughout the Central Coast
- 40:43that experienced fires on this past summer
- 40:48and they also account
- 40:49that there's an uneven N95 mass implementation
- 40:53throughout the state
- 40:54and in fact,
- 40:56the State Office of Occupational Health and Safety
- 40:59only has about a dozen Spanish speaking,
- 41:02individuals that go out in the field
- 41:04to do investigations on complaints
- 41:06and compliance with this.
- 41:08As far as I know,
- 41:09they don't have anyone
- 41:10that speaks indigenous languages,
- 41:11so there's only about 12
- 41:13or so people in the entire state of California,
- 41:16there's a state of 40 million people,
- 41:19only about 12 of them speak Spanish
- 41:21that work in the field.
- 41:22So there's a course on even implementation
- 41:25of the role on the air quality index
- 41:27that I mentioned about the wildfire smoke,
- 41:31there's uncertainty about how this is being achieved.
- 41:35Oftentimes, these air quality monitoring stations,
- 41:38our government monitoring stations
- 41:39are often miles away
- 41:41from the actual farm worker site.
- 41:43So you may have a 151 index
- 41:46about five miles away at air quality station
- 41:49but that index could be much higher
- 41:52at the field next,
- 41:53that's happening near closer to the fire.
- 41:56So there needs to be opportunities
- 41:57to have real time handheld
- 42:00GPS type of air quality monitoring
- 42:03that these individuals
- 42:04and employers should be using
- 42:07instead of having for a wait up there
- 42:09monitoring stations.
- 42:11There's no state guidance on implementation
- 42:13of worker health and safety
- 42:15there's little guidance on that
- 42:17and one issue that's happening now,
- 42:19particularly in Sonoma
- 42:21is these access verification permits
- 42:23that allows farm workers
- 42:24to enter into mandatory evacuation zones over 400,
- 42:28I believe was issued
- 42:30by the Sonoma County Agricultural Commissioner
- 42:35and this essentially allows foreign workers
- 42:37to enter these mandatory evacuation zones
- 42:39when everyone else is required to leave
- 42:42and these supervisors,
- 42:44the employers themselves
- 42:45do not have any emergency plans.
- 42:47So if the fire gets close to the farm worker site
- 42:51or more toxic smoke overtakes the entire farm,
- 42:55how are they gonna evacuate the farm workers
- 42:58in a swift and safe fashion?
- 43:02And moreover,
- 43:02there's no health test for these workers.
- 43:04So we don't know,
- 43:06what is the risk of working
- 43:08in this wildfire smoke itself
- 43:13as you know, is hazardous to human health
- 43:16but it's not only just the smoke itself
- 43:18is the other types of toxins
- 43:20that are missing from the burden buildings
- 43:22that are in individuals.
- 43:24So there's no follow up on workers testing
- 43:28to find out calm how they're doing
- 43:30after entering these mandatory evacuation zones
- 43:34and again, Cal/OSHA has limited staff,
- 43:37as I mentioned before
- 43:40and there I'll be able to open up to questions
- 43:45and I look forward
- 43:46to hearing your questions and comments.
- 43:48This is just a quick slide
- 43:50that we recently did in October
- 43:53with the governor's office
- 43:55and the United Nations.
- 43:56So the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel,
- 44:00excuse me,
- 44:01the United Nations International Organization
- 44:05on Migration hosted a panel with ourselves
- 44:09as well as the California governor's office
- 44:12on Emergency Services to talk
- 44:15about what the rest of the world could learn
- 44:18from the migrant experience in California
- 44:20because these disasters
- 44:21because of climate change is making the severity
- 44:23of these disasters more frequent and severe,
- 44:26it's happening in Australia,
- 44:27it's happening in Latin America,
- 44:29it's happening in Greece
- 44:31and migrant communities are all these places.
- 44:34So the idea was to understand
- 44:36what can the rest of the world learn
- 44:37from the migrant wildfire disaster
- 44:40experienced in California?
- 44:42With that, I thank you for this opportunity
- 44:45and look forward to speaking with you
- 44:48about this research.
- 44:51- Thank you, Michael,
- 44:52so, wonderful presentation.
- 44:55I know we do have a lot of questions coming
- 44:57in the chat box.
- 44:59So the first question is from Rebecca Hoffler,
- 45:04she's asking,
- 45:05are there any translation technologies available
- 45:09to help overcome these niche language barriers
- 45:12for migrants?
- 45:15I had no idea many were not Spanish speaking
- 45:18that is so crucial to them might be a quote,
- 45:20tech or high education punishing
- 45:23to do app that tech.
- 45:24I know you mentioned about the Google translator
- 45:26but any others?
- 45:29Yeah, there's a couple that are there
- 45:32but again, the owner should not be put
- 45:34on the individual,
- 45:36the individual resident worker
- 45:38or community based organization,
- 45:40the owners needs to be on local
- 45:43and state government and federal government
- 45:45to provide the resources
- 45:46to safeguard all community residents,
- 45:49regardless of immigration status.
- 45:51So these individuals are important contributors
- 45:54to our society, they make fresh fruits
- 45:57and vegetables available for us
- 45:59and do some of the important work
- 46:01as essential workers,
- 46:03but yet, we don't value them enough to safeguard.
- 46:06So that's why I had mentioned
- 46:09that systemic racism
- 46:10and cultural norms of around immigration
- 46:13determines who's the worthy disaster victim.
- 46:16So yes, that's great in terms of the interim,
- 46:18but local governments
- 46:20that have this type of workforce
- 46:22in their area needs to dedicate resources
- 46:26for live translation
- 46:28and have staffing a place like California,
- 46:31everyone think California is so progressive
- 46:34but here's a situation
- 46:35where a population, two populations
- 46:38are overlooked Spanish
- 46:39and indigenous speaking individuals
- 46:41are entirely rendered invisible.
- 46:45- Well, thanks, we also actually have a lot
- 46:47of questions pre-collected from the students
- 46:52and they are quite interested
- 46:55in are there any quantitative evidence
- 46:59showing the vulnerability
- 47:00of these undocumented Latino from the research?
- 47:06- So right now,
- 47:07there's social vulnerability mapping.
- 47:10There's some great models
- 47:11with the work the University of Washington did,
- 47:13it is great
- 47:14but right now, there's, that I'm aware of,
- 47:17there's no new models
- 47:18that takes into account undocumented immigrants
- 47:22and right now that that would take
- 47:24a very well thought out a research designed
- 47:29and human subjects protocol process
- 47:35and working closely
- 47:36to do what you call ground truth
- 47:38and working with hand in hand
- 47:39with these migrant organizations
- 47:41to identify individuals
- 47:42or where they may be in general
- 47:44'Cause you don't obviously don't want it
- 47:45to be too specific because of ice
- 47:47and Immigration Services
- 47:50but enough where it is,
- 47:51you can identify it broadly in a region
- 47:55because right now,
- 47:56as you saw in Ventura, Santa Barbara
- 47:58and other places in California too
- 48:00and I'm guessing in the United States
- 48:03as well as the current indices,
- 48:07basically whitewash these communities.
- 48:11- Okay, I think so.
- 48:13Another question from the audience is from Joseph
- 48:19and I guess he's asking,
- 48:22has research investigated the possibility
- 48:25of training community health advocates
- 48:28within the indigenous communities
- 48:31so as to improve utilization
- 48:33and access to social services,
- 48:35health care, and disaster relief information?
- 48:39- Yeah, so that's I mentioned a very briefly
- 48:41about the COVID-19 pandemic,
- 48:44it's been three years since Thomas wildfire
- 48:47and about three years three and a half years,
- 48:49since the first major recent fire
- 48:53in Northern California
- 48:55and those far more regions
- 48:56and these advocates have become disaster experts
- 49:01in their own, not by choice,
- 49:04they were forced to become this
- 49:05because this is the constituency
- 49:07that they advocate and protect
- 49:09and you see migrant rights
- 49:11whose immigration rights group are working
- 49:13on climate change now working
- 49:14because there's a strong sort of the cyclical process.
- 49:19A lot of these individuals
- 49:20are leaving their countries
- 49:23to some extent climate refugees
- 49:24with a drought soil erosion
- 49:26in their ancestral homeland,
- 49:29particularly for people (indistinct)
- 49:32that come to United States
- 49:34and then they come over here
- 49:35and it's a different types
- 49:37of climate change impacts
- 49:38that are happening to them.
- 49:41So you see these groups be more active
- 49:44in non-traditional immigration
- 49:47priority topics such as the environment
- 49:49and now disaster.
- 49:50So these individuals are part
- 49:51of what's Vlad, what's enough,
- 49:54volunteers organized for assistance and disaster
- 49:57or something
- 49:58and so the several other roundtables around disaster
- 50:03and particularly the Red Cross
- 50:06and Salvation Army,
- 50:07they also have their own private,
- 50:10mainstream disaster relief systems.
- 50:12So these individuals are now brought in
- 50:14to those discussions
- 50:16that these disaster relief organizations have,
- 50:20as well as state and local government
- 50:24- There is a question from the students,
- 50:26I'm glad you mentioned that COVID-19 situation
- 50:30and listeners are wondering,
- 50:32that does the COVID-19 disaster relief assistance
- 50:35for immigrants help make the case
- 50:38that the states really need to put funding
- 50:40for health care coverage
- 50:42for this and also rights, workers?
- 50:45- Yeah, so two things happen
- 50:46in California first important
- 50:48to know about COVID-19,
- 50:49about language information that happens
- 50:52and the language we stick on.
- 50:54There's no word for virus,
- 50:56so they had to come up
- 50:58with different types of both oral
- 51:01and pictorial on messaging
- 51:03that talked about it and not COVID-19
- 51:06but an unknown illness
- 51:08and disease in that region,
- 51:10to be able to convey that.
- 51:11So that's one thing is having culturally sensitive
- 51:14and culturally appropriate messaging
- 51:17on Emergency Information is important
- 51:19and they have built up somewhat of a capacity
- 51:22to be able to do that now
- 51:24and work in partnership with the state government
- 51:26and because of the advocacy these groups have done,
- 51:28as well as the importance
- 51:31of the California Latino Legislative Caucus,
- 51:34so that the Latino Legislative Caucus,
- 51:36it is a caucus of Latinos,
- 51:39a lot of next legislators
- 51:41that work in the California State Legislature
- 51:43and there are a big number now
- 51:45and they have put a lot of pressure
- 51:46along with advocates on the governor
- 51:49to be more responsive to migrant communities,
- 51:53particularly undocumented migrant communities
- 51:55and this summer,
- 51:57the governor put $50 million
- 52:00in a temporary Disaster Relief Fund
- 52:04and I believe
- 52:05the philanthropic community did another 25,
- 52:08so a total of 75 million that went
- 52:10for one type tax evasion to households,
- 52:13undocumented immigrant households,
- 52:15anywhere between 400 and $700, I believe
- 52:19but that money's already gone
- 52:20and $75 million sounds like a lot
- 52:21but that has been exhausted
- 52:24and it will go one time cash visa.
- 52:28- Thanks for the insights.
- 52:31From the audience
- 52:32there's also some question
- 52:34regarding the the other types
- 52:36of (indistinct) they meet
- 52:39because sending the these communities,
- 52:42from Leon Wesley, from Virginia is asking
- 52:45is there any data info regarding the safety
- 52:47of drinking water supplies
- 52:49for their factory workers
- 52:50and their living areas from this post fire
- 52:53your mom took us in?
- 52:56- Yeah, I'm a little bit aware of that,
- 53:01so the toxins, as I mentioned,
- 53:04mixing in the air,
- 53:05it's just not regular trees burning down
- 53:09but it's also all the materials
- 53:11that build our houses and our infrastructure
- 53:13that are quite toxic.
- 53:15So that not only goes into the air
- 53:17but that also goes into the water
- 53:19in terms of what they call the fire debris
- 53:23and the State Water Resources Control Board
- 53:26is currently looking at that
- 53:28in terms of maximum contaminant levels
- 53:31and sort of what regions
- 53:35and how these regions are being exposed
- 53:37to this fire debris
- 53:38in their community drinking water systems.
- 53:41So that's something
- 53:42that's currently being looked at.
- 53:44Yes, but I don't know
- 53:46how strong it's being regulated.
- 53:52- Thank you.
- 53:53So another question
- 53:55from the audience is kind of related
- 53:57to our earlier discussion
- 53:58regarding the tours for these committees,
- 54:04there is,
- 54:05Marcus from Andrea is asking your experience
- 54:09is having a digital healthcare a PP
- 54:12for these communities by lingo
- 54:15would that be helpful
- 54:17to have accessible primary care
- 54:19because these committees can have access
- 54:22to mobile technologies are the prepare handling,
- 54:26have these Wi-Fi
- 54:29and mobile technologies available?
- 54:33- I'm not sure entirely I understand that
- 54:36but the MICOP,
- 54:37the Mixtecal Indiana community organizing project
- 54:41they did have a very high social media presence
- 54:44and particularly WhatsApp
- 54:46as from what I learned
- 54:48from the recent and what I've been told,
- 54:50is very popular in migrant communities,
- 54:54particularly Mexican migrant communities.
- 54:56So they decimate information
- 54:59through WhatsApp, through their Instagram,
- 55:02their Facebook
- 55:04and I think they have another social media
- 55:06and then of course, the radio,
- 55:07the radio is a very simple one
- 55:10that individuals get a lot
- 55:12of their information from.
- 55:14- Thank you.
- 55:14I think given the time,
- 55:15we'll have the final last question,
- 55:17do we stop living later?
- 55:20The question combining
- 55:21from both the students asking
- 55:23and one of the audiences kinda asking
- 55:25about you have shown very powerful images,
- 55:29both in the paper and the presentation
- 55:31and telling the story
- 55:33of these workers were required
- 55:35to stay behind all gathering belong
- 55:38from the employers home
- 55:40despite this evacuation points.
- 55:43So some, like insights
- 55:46regarding how to help
- 55:48make these local employers accountable
- 55:52for putting workers
- 55:54in these dangerous situations.
- 55:55- Sure.
- 55:57I didn't get a chance to download this audio file
- 56:03because of the mix up in time
- 56:06but I want to talk first play this audio file
- 56:09real quick of what the Mixtec language sounds like.
- 56:12I'm sure there's many people
- 56:13that have never heard it before.
- 56:15(speaking foreign language)
- 56:32So as you can hear it,
- 56:35the language resembles nothing like Spanish.
- 56:38So that's a major issue on the daily
- 56:41with how to create connections
- 56:43and trust within these communities
- 56:45and deliver culturally appropriate language
- 56:50and the Emergency Information
- 56:52and I forgot what was the question again?
- 56:54- So the question is like,
- 56:56how the local organizations can help
- 57:03to hold the employers accountable
- 57:07for putting these workers
- 57:08in this dangerous places?
- 57:10- I think it's contingent advocacy
- 57:13and then the passage
- 57:15of some of these occupational health
- 57:17and safety rules,
- 57:19there obviously needs to be more done on
- 57:21as I mentioned before
- 57:22these access verification permits
- 57:25and it's sort of a black box
- 57:27about how the county agricultural Commissioner
- 57:30is issuing these permits to employers.
- 57:33So does any employer that request one gets one,
- 57:37are they looking at land fire risk zones
- 57:41and how close the proximity the fire
- 57:43is to the farm itself
- 57:44and again, the air quality issues
- 57:46and making sure that PP
- 57:48is being distributed properly and effectively
- 57:52because we saw instances
- 57:54in our own research that even at the time,
- 57:58this was three years ago,
- 57:59even at the time
- 57:59when people were donating these N95 mass
- 58:03some employers wouldn't give them out
- 58:05and there was other instances
- 58:07where my co-authors saw
- 58:09that they were giving it out only to men
- 58:11and not women.
- 58:13So there's a very uneven implementation
- 58:17of some of even the existing health
- 58:19and safety rules.
- 58:20So more needs to be done
- 58:21and there needs to be more transparency
- 58:24and accountability
- 58:25and as we have these workers working
- 58:28in these dangerous zones.
- 58:31- Thank you so much Michael
- 58:32for sharing all this kind of justice experience
- 58:36and thank you all the audience
- 58:38for joining us today
- 58:39and I think we'll end now, so bye everyone.
- 58:43Thank you, Michael. - Thank you, bye-bye.