Orientation matters: Measuring the correct surface of polyamide membranes with quartz crystal microbalance
Villalobos L, Pataroque K, Pan W, Cao T, Kaneda M, Violet C, Ritt C, Hoek E, Elimelech M. Orientation matters: Measuring the correct surface of polyamide membranes with quartz crystal microbalance. Journal Of Membrane Science Letters 2023, 3: 100048. DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100048.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPolyamide layerRO membranesFront surfacePolyamide selective layerPolysulfone porous supportPolyamide reverse osmosis membraneCommercial RO membranesPolyamide active layerReverse osmosis membranesPolyamide RO membranesSelective layerOrganic foulingOsmosis membranesActive layerPolyamide membranesBack surfacePorous supportQCM sensorOpposite surfaceQuartz crystal microbalance measurementsLayerQuartz crystal microbalanceSurface orientationCrystal microbalance measurementsSurface