1994
A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange?
Kaplan EH, Khoshnood K, Heimer R. A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange? American Journal Of Public Health 1994, 84: 1991-4. PMID: 7998644, PMCID: PMC1615375, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1991.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation