2017
Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior in Iranian Women Who Inject Drugs
Habibi M, Farmanfarmaee S, Darharaj M, Khoshnood K, Matacotta J, O’Bryan J. Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior in Iranian Women Who Inject Drugs. Journal Of Drug Issues 2017, 47: 356-369. DOI: 10.1177/0022042617693383.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug-related HIV risk behaviorsHIV risk behaviorsRisk behaviorsPredictors of frequencyMethadone maintenance treatment programMaintenance treatment programDrug treatment centersHIV prevention programsRisk Behavior AssessmentBeck Depression Inventory-Second EditionHarm reduction servicesDrug use behaviorsSignificant predisposingInjection paraphernaliaRisk Behavior ScaleDrug usersPrevention programsIranian womenReduction servicesTreatment programDrugsWomenSelf-Efficacy ScalePredictorsPeer norms
2015
Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania
Tan AX, Kapiga S, Khoshnood K, Bruce RD. Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0145578. PMID: 26701616, PMCID: PMC4689416, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145578.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug useRisk behaviorsNeedle/syringe sharingHIV risk behaviorsHarm reduction programsSmoking heroinHeroin injectionSyringe sharingHIV riskHeroin useCommon locationHeroin injectorsDrug usersCondom useCohabitation statusUnstable housingCity of MwanzaPoor awarenessStudy sampleParticipant referralsIllicit drugsMwanzaHIVEpidemiologyReduction programs
2013
Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups
Hayes-Larson E, Grau LE, Khoshnood K, Barbour R, Khuat OT, Heimer R. Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups. Harm Reduction Journal 2013, 10: 33. PMID: 24268108, PMCID: PMC4176489, DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-33.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug user groupsResult of membershipDomains of knowledgeInjection-related harmsLongitudinal studyGreater historyDrug usePost-hoc evaluationMembershipLow statistical powerFurther longitudinal studiesQuality of lifeUser groupsFaceHigh levelsPeersMore attentionHealth issuesMultivariate modelBeingHarm reductionDrug usersKnowledge variablesHarmVariablesTotal HIV/AIDS Expenditures in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2010: The First Systematic Evaluation of Both Health and Non-Health Related HIV/AIDS Expenditures in China
Shan D, Sun J, Yakusik A, Chen Z, Yuan J, Li T, Fu J, Khoshnood K, Yang X, Wei M, Duan S, Bulterys M, Sante M, Ye R, Xiang L, Yang Y. Total HIV/AIDS Expenditures in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2010: The First Systematic Evaluation of Both Health and Non-Health Related HIV/AIDS Expenditures in China. PLOS ONE 2013, 8: e68006. PMID: 23825694, PMCID: PMC3692450, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHIV/AIDSRisk populationsPartners of peopleHIV expenditureDehong PrefectureHigh-prevalence regionsVoluntary counselingOpportunistic infectionsPrimary preventionPrevalence regionsNational HIV/AIDS responseDrug usersHIVHIV/AIDS responsePrevention fundingDisproportionate burdenTotal expenditureEpidemic patternsPrevention spendingSex workersPreventionFirst systematic evaluationMSMTreatment
2011
Female spouses of injection drug users in Pakistan: a bridge population of the HIV epidemic?
Ahmad S, Mehmood J, Awan A, Zafar S, Khoshnood K, Khan A. Female spouses of injection drug users in Pakistan: a bridge population of the HIV epidemic? Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2011, 17: 271-6. PMID: 22259883, DOI: 10.26719/2011.17.4.271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersTherapeutic injectionsDrug usersMale injection drug usersCombination of diazepamSame health centerHIV transmission chainHIV epidemicInjection drugsHealth centersDrug useSex workPast monthDrugsHIVSexual practicesBridge populationFemale spousesInjectionTransmission chainSpousesDiazepamMonths
2006
Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts
Heimer R, Grau LE, Curtin E, Khoshnood K, Singer M. Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts. American Journal Of Public Health 2006, 97: 110-116. PMID: 17138916, PMCID: PMC1716244, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.078105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS SerodiagnosisBlood-Borne PathogensDiagnostic ServicesEquipment ContaminationFemaleHealth EducationHIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeedle-Exchange ProgramsProgram EvaluationPublic Health AdministrationSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyringesUnited StatesUrban Health ServicesConceptsUrban injection drug usersInjection drug usersHIV testingDrug usersUndetected infectionsHIV prevention strategiesExtent of HIVTime-location samplingSecondary preventionDrug treatmentSyringe exchangeHIVPrevention effortsCurrent optionsInfectionChain referralVast majorityTestingReferralPreventionWomenHIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Shaboltas AV, Toussova OV, Hoffman IF, Heimer R, Verevochkin SV, Ryder RW, Khoshnood K, Perdue T, Masse BR, Kozlov AP. HIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006, 41: 657-63. PMID: 16652041, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000220166.56866.22.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV prevalenceDrug usersActive injection drug usersBaseline HIV prevalenceHIV-1 prevalencePrevalent HIV infectionHIV-1 infectionHIV-positive individualsRecruitment methodsChain referralHIV infectionMedian ageHIV statusHIV-1Street outreachPrevalenceDemographic characteristicsPrevious monthRecruitment periodReferralInfectionBehavioral correlatesBehavioral variablesProfiles of risk: a qualitative study of injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran
Razzaghi EM, Movaghar AR, Green TC, Khoshnood K. Profiles of risk: a qualitative study of injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran. Harm Reduction Journal 2006, 3: 12. PMID: 16545137, PMCID: PMC1431517, DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-3-12.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug useDrug usersHIV risk behaviorsHIV prevention programsEffective preventive interventionsInjection of drugsHIV/AIDSDrug-related harmIranian IDUsHIV infectionHeroin injectionHIV transmissionInjecting behaviourHIV riskHIV awarenessSex partnersPreventive interventionsIDUsPrevention programsRisk behaviorsTargeted interventionsPersonal hygieneHygiene practicesDistricts of TehranSocioeconomic status
2004
Prevalence of HIV infection and other blood-borne infections in incarcerated and non-incarcerated injection drug users (IDUs) in Mashhad, Iran
Rahbar A, Rooholamini S, Khoshnood K. Prevalence of HIV infection and other blood-borne infections in incarcerated and non-incarcerated injection drug users (IDUs) in Mashhad, Iran. International Journal Of Drug Policy 2004, 15: 151-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2003.07.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInjection drug usersBlood-borne infectionsDrug treatment centersHIV infectionTreatment centersVoluntary drug treatment centresSeroprevalence of HCVFirst prevalence studyVolunteer blood donorsInterviewer-assisted questionnaireHarm reduction programsSharing of syringesRisk behavior profilesEffective harm reduction programsChart reviewDrug injectionBlood donorsPrevalence studyStudy populationDrug usersRisk behaviorsInfectionConvenience sampleHigh ratePrevalenceWriting About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors
Stopka TJ, Springer KW, Khoshnood K, Shaw S, Singer M. Writing About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors. AIDS And Behavior 2004, 8: 73-85. PMID: 15146135, DOI: 10.1023/b:aibe.0000017527.25533.f4.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2002
The Impact of Needle Exchange–based Health Services on Emergency Department Use
Pollack HA, Khoshnood K, Blankenship KM, Altice FL. The Impact of Needle Exchange–based Health Services on Emergency Department Use. Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2002, 17: 341-348. PMID: 12047730, PMCID: PMC1495047, DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10663.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersTreatment injection drug usersEmergency department useIncidence rate ratiosED utilizationED useDepartment useDrug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV-negative injection drug usersMobile health clinicHealth care delivery systemHealth care servicesCare delivery systemHIV/AIDSPre-post comparisonAcute careEmergency departmentSubgroup analysisMedical recordsHealth clinicsLongitudinal cohortDrug treatmentED servicesBinomial regression analysisThe impact of needle exchange-based health services on emergency department use
Pollack H, Khoshnood K, Blankenship K, Altice F. The impact of needle exchange-based health services on emergency department use. Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2002, 17: 341-348. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-002-0037-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInjection drug usersTreatment injection drug usersEmergency department useIncidence rate ratiosED utilizationED useDepartment useDrug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV-negative injection drug usersMobile health clinicHealth care delivery systemHealth care servicesCare delivery systemHIV/AIDSPre-post comparisonAcute careEmergency departmentSubgroup analysisMedical recordsHealth clinicsLongitudinal cohortDrug treatmentED servicesBinomial regression analysis
2000
The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users.
Singer M, Stopka T, Siano C, Springer K, Barton G, Khoshnood K, Gorry de Puga A, Heimer R. The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users. American Journal Of Public Health 2000, 90: 1049-56. PMID: 10897181, PMCID: PMC1446282, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.7.1049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSterile syringe accessDrug use sitesIndividual-level characteristicsSocial geographyEthnographic descriptionSocial mapTarget neighborhoodsSocial contextQualitative approachNortheastern cityNeighborhood differencesQualitative methodsFocus groupsSocial factorsSyringe accessSurvey approachDrug usersSyringe acquisitionAccessInjection drug usersGeographyFull understandingInterviewsDrug useCity
1998
Evaluation of an Innovative Program to Address the Health and Social Service Needs of Drug-Using Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection
Thompson A, Blankenship K, Selwyn P, Khoshnood K, Lopez M, Balacos K, Altice F. Evaluation of an Innovative Program to Address the Health and Social Service Needs of Drug-Using Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection. Journal Of Community Health 1998, 23: 419-440. PMID: 9824792, DOI: 10.1023/a:1018706107776.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUnmet service needsDrug-using womenCase management interventionHIV infectionSocial service needsCase managementService needsHigh-risk womenHIV risk behaviorsICM interventionNeedle exchange sitesTreatment drug usersDental servicesMental health counselingDrug treatmentUnmet needDrug usersMedical careHealth counselingRisk behaviorsStreet outreachManagement interventionsCase managersWomenInfection
1996
Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens
Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Jariwala-Freeman B, Duncan B, Harima Y. Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 997-1000. PMID: 8603983, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.4.997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virus RNAHepatitis B virus DNAHepatitis virus infectionC virus RNAB virus DNAPolymerase chain reactionVirus infectionVirus DNAHBV core antigenVirus RNANeedle exchange programsHCV antibodiesHCV antigensCore antigenHBV coreUsed syringesPCR testingSyringe useDrug usersHCVHBVChain reactionAntibodiesMean limitSyringes
1995
'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program.
Khoshnood K, Kaplan EH, Heimer R. 'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program. Public Health Reports 1995, 110: 462-6. PMID: 7638334, PMCID: PMC1382156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeedle exchange programsNew Haven's needle exchange programStudy periodInjection drug usersSingle-visit groupCharacteristics of clientsMedian durationVisit groupClient participationDrug usersNeedle exchangeFull enrollmentSingle visitLonger durationExchange programsClient characteristicsYoung clientsThorough evaluationEnrollmentDurationNew HavenClient retentionYearsPercentRetention fraction
1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation