Yale Global Initiative on Climate Change and Public Health Ethics: "Redefining Wellbeing and Human Dignity in the Anthropocene"

Transcript

• 00:00Professor Doctor Luis Fernandez Cato.
• 00:07I'm going to share his bio and today
• 00:10he will be speaking on redefining
• 00:13well-being and human dignity
• 00:15in their in the Anthropocene,
• 00:17a really fascinating and
• 00:20forward thinking topic.
• 00:22I can't wait to hear from him.
• 00:24So Doctor Cotto is a researcher
• 00:27in environmental ethics
• 00:28and climate change policy.
• 00:30He has been a professor at Technoloco
• 00:33de Monterey since August 2014.
• 00:36He currently serves as Sustainability Officer
• 00:38within the Vice Presidency of Inclusion,
• 00:41Social Impact,
• 00:42and Sustainability at Technoloco de Monterey.
• 00:46He recently participated as lead
• 00:48author for the United Nations
• 00:50Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
• 00:53Working Group 2 for the 6th Assessment
• 00:55Report in the chapter dedicated to
• 00:58climate resilient development pathways.
• 01:00He served as legislative advisor and
• 01:02leader as Chief of Staff of the Special
• 01:05Commission on Climate Change of the
• 01:07Senate of the Republic from 2015 to 2018.
• 01:10Previously,
• 01:10he was a researcher and international
• 01:13liaison in the Climate Change
• 01:15Research Program at the National
• 01:17Autonomous University of Mexico,
• 01:192014 to 2017.
• 01:20His main lines of research are
• 01:23environmental governance and
• 01:24international climate negotiations,
• 01:26adaptation and resilience to climate change,
• 01:29environmental ethics,
• 01:31climate justice and education
• 01:33for sustainable development.
• 01:35So we'll turn it over to Doctor Caudill,
• 01:37and thank you so much for taking
• 01:39the time to speak with us today.
• 01:43Thank you so much, Laura.
• 01:46Thank you everyone,
• 01:48for being here with us today.
• 01:51It's for me and for me,
• 01:52it's such an honor to be here with you.
• 01:55Thank you so much for for to the Yale
• 01:59Center on Climate Change and Health,
• 02:01to everyone involved in this kind of
• 02:04invitation for me to be here with you.
• 02:06Well, today we're going to be speaking
• 02:10about philosophical perspective and
• 02:12ethical perspective on what is happening,
• 02:15the way we're navigating into the
• 02:18andropocene and all the implications.
• 02:20This has
• 02:24in a very in a philosophical way,
• 02:26but also in a very practical way
• 02:28of understanding human dignity and
• 02:31well-being in this time in this
• 02:34epoch called the Anthropocene.
• 02:35So I hope you find this interesting
• 02:38that we can reflect that we can ask
• 02:41difficult questions and and to have
• 02:44a dialogue among among colleagues.
• 02:48So I invite you if you will have
• 02:50questions during my presentation.
• 02:52Please go ahead, you can raise
• 02:53your hands and if not in the end,
• 02:56at the end of my presentations
• 02:58we can have AQ and a session.
• 03:01So I hope you find this interesting,
• 03:05redefining well-being and
• 03:06human dignity in the Andropos.
• 03:08You know, I'm going to go.
• 03:10First of all, we're going to be speaking
• 03:14about this the main questions today.
• 03:17How, first of all, how how does human
• 03:21dignity and well-being relate to
• 03:23climate change and to the Anthropocene?
• 03:26What are the the conditions of existence
• 03:29of human dignity in this epoch?
• 03:31Are they the same?
• 03:32Is human dignity the same as we've
• 03:35known it as we've described it as
• 03:38We're going to see it evolving in
• 03:41this new epoch of the Anthropocene,
• 03:44and we're going to be speaking about
• 03:47something called the ontology of precarity.
• 03:49This means what are the conditions
• 03:51of existence, the conditions of life,
• 03:53the conditions of trying to live in a time,
• 03:57in a turbulent time,
• 03:58as we are starting now to to
• 04:01see in this Anthropocene.
• 04:04So I hope this, this is,
• 04:09this is interesting for you all and we can
• 04:12really have a an interesting dialogue.
• 04:14First of all,
• 04:15I'm going to just pinpoint a
• 04:18couple of key messages from the
• 04:20IPCC 6th Assessment report.
• 04:22I'm sure most of you are
• 04:24very familiar with this.
• 04:25So I'm just going to mention a couple
• 04:27of of key messages that I think are
• 04:30relevant for today's discussion.
• 04:32So in this 6th assessment report
• 04:34that was just recently published,
• 04:37we see that human activities primarily
• 04:39through the greenhouse gas emissions
• 04:42have unequivocally caused global warming.
• 04:45We're already beyond 1.2° right now,
• 04:49average of an increase of temperature,
• 04:52and this global gas emissions
• 04:55have continued to increase.
• 04:57Even though we've put in place the
• 05:00Kyoto Protocol, now the Paris Agreement.
• 05:03These greenhouse emissions continue to rise.
• 05:06We don't even historical and
• 05:08current contributions from the very
• 05:10different sectors.
• 05:11We are very different activities
• 05:14from energy use, use, land use,
• 05:18our lifestyles, consumption and many,
• 05:21many other different things that we
• 05:23can mention that are responsible
• 05:25for this greenhouse gases.
• 05:29What is most important is that
• 05:31now climate change is everywhere,
• 05:33as you can see with this message
• 05:36from the IPCC.
• 05:37Climate change widespread,
• 05:38rapid and intensifying.
• 05:39We see it everywhere.
• 05:41This is not only something happening
• 05:44in the Arctic,
• 05:45it's happening everywhere in the world.
• 05:50According to a recent paper
• 05:52published in Nature this year,
• 05:54it was saying something like 85%
• 05:56of all the population in the Earth
• 05:59is currently facing climate change
• 06:01impacts in one way or the other, 85%.
• 06:04And that is now today at 1.2°
• 06:08of increase of temperature.
• 06:11And we're facing, well, mostly, well,
• 06:15not very. A very worrisome scenario.
• 06:21An important message from the working group
• 06:26to dedicated to impacts, vulnerability,
• 06:28and adaptation is the following human cost.
• 06:31Climate change is causing dangerous
• 06:33and widespread disruption to nature,
• 06:35and it's affecting the lives of
• 06:37billions of people around the world,
• 06:39despite the efforts to reduce the risks.
• 06:42So the first, the first part
• 06:45is what I already mentioned.
• 06:4885% of the world is already facing
• 06:50some kind of impact of climate change.
• 06:52But now what is more worrisome
• 06:54is the second part,
• 06:55despite the efforts to reduce the risks.
• 06:58And that is what is really worrisome,
• 07:00that we're not starting from zero.
• 07:03We have decades of already put
• 07:06in place mitigation policies,
• 07:08adaptation strategies,
• 07:09but these efforts are not reducing the risks.
• 07:14One of the most important elements
• 07:15that we see in this,
• 07:17in this 6th Assessment report
• 07:20is empirical evidence around the
• 07:22world of adaptation strategies
• 07:24that are simply not working,
• 07:27that are,
• 07:30that are actually increasing
• 07:32the vulnerability of people.
• 07:35So we have the vulnerability that
• 07:37people are going to face because
• 07:40of the risks of climate change,
• 07:42but the policies and the
• 07:44the actual strategies are
• 07:45increasing their vulnerabilities.
• 07:47So of course this is even more worrisome.
• 07:51The the IPCC also says that over the
• 07:53next two decades the planet will
• 07:56face several unavoidable climate
• 07:58hazards with global warming of 1.5°.
• 08:01Even if this level of warming
• 08:03is temporarily exceeded,
• 08:04as it has happened already this year,
• 08:06it will generate additional severe impact,
• 08:09some of which will be irreversible.
• 08:11And now we have empirical evidence,
• 08:13as I was mentioning, of maladaptation.
• 08:15All right.
• 08:16And what I was mentioning that
• 08:18the strategies we're putting
• 08:19in place are not adapting,
• 08:21are not creating communities that can adapt.
• 08:24What are maladapting?
• 08:25And the window of opportunity is closing.
• 08:28Urgent action is needed to face these risks,
• 08:32the window of opportunity for
• 08:34climate resilient development.
• 08:36This means trying to develop in a dignified,
• 08:39ethical, sustainable way is closing.
• 08:45And of course the IPCC also warns
• 08:47us that unless there are immediate,
• 08:50rapid,
• 08:51large scale reductions in greenhouse
• 08:53gas emissions limiting global warming
• 08:55to 1.5 or even to two degrees,
• 08:57we'll be out of reach.
• 08:58And this is going to if the trends
• 09:01continue as they are right now,
• 09:03then this is going to happen pretty
• 09:06pretty soon as we have already
• 09:08reached this year not not only 1.5,
• 09:10but two degrees.
• 09:12Just a few weeks ago,
• 09:14the Copernicus Observatory was
• 09:18affirming that we that we were for
• 09:21one day or two beyond two degrees.
• 09:24So this is really worrisome.
• 09:27Our chances of staying below 1.5
• 09:30or even 2 will soon or can be
• 09:33out of reach very soon.
• 09:36So basically this means a transformation
• 09:39of society in all levels.
• 09:42We need to reduce 43% of global gas
• 09:46emissions by 2031, third of methane.
• 09:49And even if we do this,
• 09:51it is almost inevitable that we
• 09:53will temporarily exceed this
• 09:55temperature threshold.
• 09:56So it is now or never.
• 09:58As James K, the new IPCC chair,
• 10:00warns us,
• 10:01we need to act now.
• 10:04The problem is that current
• 10:06policies and actions are leading
• 10:09us to an increase of 2.7°C,
• 10:11which means a whole more impacts in
• 10:14terms of magnitude and frequency.
• 10:17As we've seen, this year was simply terrible.
• 10:19We we can, we can imagine,
• 10:22we have the numbers,
• 10:23we have the data of the kind of impacts
• 10:25that we will face with 1.5 with two degrees.
• 10:28So the the policies and action that
• 10:30we have in place are simply not enough.
• 10:32Yeah, we can see the optimistic scenario,
• 10:34but those are just words.
• 10:35Those are just rhetoric.
• 10:38Not action, not action,
• 10:40not true, not real world action.
• 10:43So we must only see what is actually
• 10:45happening, the policies and actions.
• 10:47That means the blue,
• 10:48the blue box there.
• 10:50So that is where we're headed.
• 10:52And what we need to do would
• 10:54be something like this.
• 10:56This kind of extraordinary
• 10:58effort is what we would need
• 11:00to do in the next years to stop
• 11:04overshooting the 1.5° goal, right?
• 11:08That's what we have on the left,
• 11:11On the right.
• 11:12What is more troublesome is that the
• 11:15only thing that has stopped global
• 11:18gas emissions in the last decades
• 11:20has been first the 2000 and eight
• 11:242009 global financial crisis and 2nd,
• 11:27the first year of the pandemic.
• 11:30So this means that no international
• 11:33policy has been able to decrease global
• 11:37gas emissions in the last decades.
• 11:41These are the only two things,
• 11:42and of course those are accidental and by
• 11:46no means those are the way those are answers
• 11:49to how to decrease our gas emissions.
• 11:52So if those are the only two things that
• 11:57have stopped or decreased emissions,
• 11:59then we have a lot to worry,
• 12:02particularly now that the COP 28 is about
• 12:06to start than what it's been discussed.
• 12:09This is what we need to do.
• 12:10So we should be very afraid of the
• 12:14status quo remaining because the
• 12:16window of opportunity is closing fast.
• 12:20Now just a couple of days ago,
• 12:23The Lancet Countdown 2023 was
• 12:25published and then we see,
• 12:27I just want to I'm sure in this
• 12:30forum that you have spoken in many
• 12:33occasions of the different hazards
• 12:35and the different impacts in health
• 12:37that we see related to climate change.
• 12:40I just want to mention a couple
• 12:42of things that are that are either
• 12:45direct impacts in health,
• 12:47but mostly indirect elements that
• 12:49have to do and that are reported
• 12:52here in The Lancet Countdown.
• 12:54So for example,
• 12:55we see the health threats experienced
• 12:57to date are nearly symptoms of the
• 12:59dangers of our future might hold.
• 13:02New projections reveal an intolerable future.
• 13:05I want to under score the word that
• 13:08they're using an intolerable future
• 13:09with rapidly growing hazards, right?
• 13:11And they mentioned things like heat
• 13:13related deaths are projected to
• 13:15increase by more than 300%, almost 400%.
• 13:19Heat related labor loss is projected
• 13:22to increase by 50%.
• 13:24More than 500 million additional
• 13:26people projected to experience
• 13:28moderate to severe food insecurity.
• 13:30The transmission potential for
• 13:32dengue among other diseases is
• 13:34projected to increase up by 37%.
• 13:36So just a few details at this is
• 13:39just published so I invite you to
• 13:41to look at at The Lancet Countdown,
• 13:44really very interesting with the
• 13:46findings that you that you can see there.
• 13:49So these are just some elements and
• 13:51we can see health related deaths,
• 13:54heat related labour loss.
• 13:56This has profound impacts
• 14:00on our lives, our personal lives,
• 14:03the kind of life that we want to
• 14:06have in this time and this age.
• 14:08So this means our human dignity.
• 14:11So this is the moment where we need
• 14:14to define, and I'm going to try to be
• 14:17very simple with these definitions,
• 14:20not to enter in into a specific academic,
• 14:24philosophical and academic terminology,
• 14:28but basically, human dignity refers to
• 14:31the inherent value and worth that every
• 14:34individual possesses simply by being human.
• 14:37It encompasses the idea that each person
• 14:40deserves respect, honor for treatment,
• 14:42regardless of their circumstances,
• 14:44background or characteristics.
• 14:45Human dignity includes elements of autonomy,
• 14:48agency and the right to be free
• 14:50from discrimination,
• 14:51degradation or humiliation.
• 14:52And as we will see in the next
• 14:57couple of slides,
• 14:59climate change poses a deep threat
• 15:02to our human dignity and also
• 15:04to our to our well-being,
• 15:06of course, because well-being,
• 15:08generally speaking, defined generally.
• 15:10It represents A holistic state of health,
• 15:13happiness, prosperity,
• 15:14encompassing physical, mental,
• 15:17emotional and social aspects
• 15:19of an individual life.
• 15:21It goes beyond the absence of illness
• 15:24and includes factors such as access
• 15:26to basic needs, a sense of purpose,
• 15:29positive relations, security,
• 15:30fulfillment and the ability to
• 15:32cope with stress and adversity.
• 15:34As you can see these two elements,
• 15:36that is basically what makes
• 15:39us smile every day.
• 15:40That is basically a reason for
• 15:43being alive today or every day.
• 15:47So now try to imagine a world
• 15:50where climate change,
• 15:51among the other environmental
• 15:53crisis that we're facing today,
• 15:55can rob us of this,
• 15:59can really put jeopardize
• 16:04the respect, deferred treatment,
• 16:07the sense of purpose,
• 16:09our fulfilment, our ability to
• 16:11cope with stress and adversity.
• 16:13Then what kind of life is that?
• 16:16And that is basically a little bit
• 16:19where we have to question and we need
• 16:21to discuss today how is human dignity
• 16:26being impacted by climate change.
• 16:28We see it in very different ways.
• 16:30This is not all the different elements,
• 16:34but I tried to include at least
• 16:37different points that were going
• 16:38to be of of great importance.
• 16:41And right now and in the future in
• 16:44terms of displacement and migration,
• 16:46what kind of life,
• 16:47what kind of human dignity possess
• 16:49an individual who's forced out of
• 16:52their place where they were born,
• 16:54where they made their lives and
• 16:56they have to go somewhere else and
• 16:59then somewhere else is probably a
• 17:01place where they are not wanted.
• 17:03As we can see in the world with
• 17:06the rise of fascism,
• 17:08of walls of people being excluded.
• 17:11What kind of human dignity is left
• 17:14for the people who are unwanted
• 17:16in a place and are forced to leave
• 17:19on on the the place of origin.
• 17:21The health impacts
• 17:25many and many people here from
• 17:27from the public school of health.
• 17:31So this is the forefront of of the
• 17:33war against climate change, right?
• 17:35You will see it in in hospitals,
• 17:37the kind of diseases,
• 17:39malnutrition, the amount of of
• 17:42different health related risks
• 17:46related to climate change
• 17:47that we will see in health.
• 17:49What if this becomes not just a
• 17:53contingency but of a way of life?
• 17:55What if this becomes something
• 17:57that we see every day?
• 18:00You see it in hospitals,
• 18:01you see with people suffering
• 18:03after a hurricane or after
• 18:05a drought after a heat wave.
• 18:07What kind of life is that?
• 18:10If this becomes the general norm,
• 18:13if this becomes an everyday situation
• 18:15or eight months of the year situation
• 18:18in terms of access to resources,
• 18:21day zero has become a reality in many places,
• 18:24in many cities in the world.
• 18:26Right now.
• 18:26In the city that I'm living in,
• 18:28where I'm at right now,
• 18:31Monterrey in Mexico, we're facing day
• 18:33zero of water for the last two years.
• 18:36Water is not warranted.
• 18:38I don't know.
• 18:40I don't know if I'm going to have
• 18:42water when I wake up in the morning.
• 18:45So if this becomes something
• 18:49of our daily lives,
• 18:50how does this impact our well-being?
• 18:52How does this impact our human dignity
• 18:55or have or being forced to rob water
• 18:58as some people are starting to do?
• 19:01As I as I see it,
• 19:03they are desperate because they haven't
• 19:05had water for more than three weeks,
• 19:07for example.
• 19:08These cases are happening
• 19:09right now and will continue to
• 19:12happen elsewhere in the world.
• 19:14The kind of economic disparities and
• 19:17social disparities that we will see,
• 19:19that are because our world is already
• 19:22facing profound economic disparities,
• 19:25profound social injustice.
• 19:26And as you can, as you already know,
• 19:29with with climate change as
• 19:31a multiplier of threats,
• 19:33it's going to to create even more
• 19:37extreme economic disparities,
• 19:39more injustice, more inequality.
• 19:41And of course this can and will
• 19:45lead in some way to conflicts,
• 19:47be it local, regional,
• 19:50international conflicts for resources.
• 19:53So these are many different ways in
• 19:56which human dignity, well-being,
• 19:58can be affected by climate change.
• 20:02But now? Where do we see it?
• 20:04How is really human dignity?
• 20:06These are the we saw the impacts
• 20:09of climate change.
• 20:10How do they relate to human dignity?
• 20:12But in in specific terms,
• 20:15how does climate change is
• 20:17impacting our human dignity?
• 20:19First,
• 20:19our inherent worth.
• 20:21That is something really important
• 20:23and particularly with the example
• 20:25that I that I made in the slide,
• 20:28the in the previous slide.
• 20:32How is our inherent worth jeopardized by
• 20:36this situation by living in the Anthropocene?
• 20:40Well, mainly if you're not wanted
• 20:42when you're being forced out of
• 20:45the place where you live that puts
• 20:47into question your inherent worth.
• 20:49Or with the current inaction and
• 20:52the world leading to two degrees.
• 20:55That is already a death sentence
• 20:57to many people in the world.
• 21:00So for some it means impacts that you can
• 21:08adapt to, let's say.
• 21:10But for some it is a death sentence.
• 21:13So with current in action,
• 21:17we're allowing death and we're
• 21:19we're allowing people to die.
• 21:21So what does what does that mean in terms of
• 21:24our inherent worth or the respect for rights?
• 21:28We see the kind of complex,
• 21:31the impacts that we will see
• 21:33with Climate Change Day Zero,
• 21:34as I was just mentioning,
• 21:36profound heat waves,
• 21:40terrible hurricanes.
• 21:42How are governments in the world
• 21:45going to fulfill their responsibility
• 21:49to safeguard human rights?
• 21:54For example,
• 21:55the right to a healthy environment
• 21:58that is a human right.
• 21:59That is the reason why many young
• 22:02people right now are taking
• 22:04their governments to court.
• 22:05And now litigation has become even
• 22:08more important because they're not.
• 22:11Governments are not fulfilling the
• 22:13safeguard of this important right.
• 22:16And it's not only the right
• 22:17to a healthy environment,
• 22:18the right
• 22:21to live a happy life, etcetera.
• 22:23All the human rights that we have,
• 22:26climate change is going to threat
• 22:29directly our ability or the
• 22:32ability of governments to fulfill
• 22:35to safeguard basic human rights.
• 22:38So this is going to this also has a
• 22:41profound impact on human dignity and
• 22:46agency and autonomy.
• 22:48So many communities right
• 22:50now that are, let's say,
• 22:53being financed by development agencies,
• 22:57or that the money that comes for a
• 23:00certain mitigation or adaptation
• 23:02strategy comes from a very particular,
• 23:05let's say, agency or fund.
• 23:07And they put the policies,
• 23:08they put the the,
• 23:12the rules of the game.
• 23:14And sometimes those rules
• 23:16of the game are unfair.
• 23:18They lead to more disparity,
• 23:20to more social iniquity in the world.
• 23:24And then what? People need that money.
• 23:27So what does this tell us in terms of agency
• 23:30and autonomy if people need the money,
• 23:33but this is also taking to a place that
• 23:38is more unjust humiliation, degradation,
• 23:40the rise of eco fascism around the world.
• 23:45We can see it how so many people
• 23:48are blaming overpopulation.
• 23:50They're blaming the Global South
• 23:53because of their population.
• 23:56This is inaccurate. This is wrong.
• 23:58This is something that is not
• 24:00the way we should frame it.
• 24:02But many people are framing it in such
• 24:05a way Echo fascism is something real.
• 24:08It's something that is happening.
• 24:09That is,
• 24:10we can see it not only with extreme
• 24:14examples with like different
• 24:16shootings that have been taking
• 24:19place in the US for example,
• 24:20or the the the mass murders that happened
• 24:25in in New Zealand some years ago.
• 24:27The murders were blaming climate change
• 24:30and they and how they were actually
• 24:33doing us a favor by killing people,
• 24:36the planet where they were
• 24:38doing a favor or so they said.
• 24:40So this is something real and
• 24:41that is a little bit extreme.
• 24:43But in general terms this means I hate,
• 24:45I hate of people ahead of the poor,
• 24:48ahead of the most vulnerable.
• 24:50So this is something that we need
• 24:52to consider and of course it has a
• 24:54direct relation with human dignity
• 24:57and in terms of non discrimination,
• 25:01so many different aspects in which racism,
• 25:05discrimination
• 25:09includes new ways of discriminating people,
• 25:13the intersectionality that climate
• 25:16change creates the kind of racism,
• 25:19the kind of discrimination that we see
• 25:22with climate change creates new dynamics.
• 25:24And also and lastly, I can say that also
• 25:31it has an impact in the human dignity
• 25:33and our will being climate change and
• 25:35the current situation in terms of a
• 25:38loss of purpose or meaning of life.
• 25:42So many people right now,
• 25:43so many young people right now
• 25:46are facing anxiety, uncertainty,
• 25:49depression or even nihilism at the lack
• 25:54of control over what the future holds.
• 25:56We don't know what is going to happen and
• 25:59for many this is creating real anxiety,
• 26:03real terror even,
• 26:05not even only the young people,
• 26:08even my colleagues,
• 26:10climate change scientists,
• 26:12I can see it the way I leave it.
• 26:14Every day we're given the the,
• 26:16the current situation.
• 26:18So also is there a purpose or
• 26:21what kind of purpose can we find
• 26:24in such times of degradation?
• 26:25Because it is not only climate change,
• 26:29it is also the other environmental
• 26:30crisis that we're facing now.
• 26:32So we need to understand that
• 26:34preserving the well-being of our
• 26:36planet is inseparable from upholding
• 26:39the dignity of every human life
• 26:42affected by the changing climate.
• 26:44It is not only about decreasing the
• 26:48global greenhouse gases in it is not
• 26:51only about tackling climate change,
• 26:53but about stopping the suffering and
• 26:59the death of millions of people.
• 27:02So that means that human dignity
• 27:05is at its core of climate action.
• 27:08So preserving the welding of our
• 27:11planet cannot be seen different,
• 27:13cannot be seen in as a separate
• 27:16element from upholding the dignity
• 27:18of every human life,
• 27:19particularly because we are already
• 27:22vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
• 27:25But as the IPCC is showing us here in this,
• 27:28in this image that that came
• 27:31along with the synthesis report,
• 27:34we see that people that are born today
• 27:39will be facing an increasing probability
• 27:43of being impacted by extreme weather,
• 27:47by the different impacts of climate change.
• 27:52And this is a reality.
• 27:53This is the world that will very likely
• 27:58happen to the people who are born today,
• 28:02the people who are alive today, us.
• 28:05Right now.
• 28:06We're going to see more extreme
• 28:10elements that have a huge impact.
• 28:13And as I was saying,
• 28:15more importantly,
• 28:15because it is not only climate change,
• 28:18it is also the different the other crisis
• 28:21that we're facing such as biodiversity loss,
• 28:25ecosystem collapse,
• 28:26scarcity of resources.
• 28:29Here what you What you see in
• 28:32the screen is the Framework of
• 28:34Planetary Boundaries by Johann
• 28:36Roxrom and others from the Stockholm
• 28:39Resilience Center in 2009,
• 28:41showing us what is the safe space for
• 28:45humanity to to operate and then how.
• 28:48By 2009 where we were already
• 28:50overshooting three of the boundaries,
• 28:52by 2015 four boundaries were crossed,
• 28:56and now by 20236 boundaries have
• 28:59been crossed.
• 29:00So as you can see,
• 29:02we're beyond the safe operating
• 29:04space of humanity and this is
• 29:06not something that can be simply
• 29:08resolved from one day to the other.
• 29:12Mostly the planet is in a chaotic state
• 29:15and it will be very complex to deal
• 29:20to tackle with all these different
• 29:22crises with all their profound complexity.
• 29:26How are we going to to solve this?
• 29:28So this is basically entering
• 29:30and this is where the concept of
• 29:33Anthropocene becomes relevant.
• 29:35The Anthropocene is now then
• 29:38not only a concept,
• 29:40a geological concept that,
• 29:42as you may know, was proposed
• 29:44by Paul Krutz and the the Nobel
• 29:46Prize Paul Krutzen to identify
• 29:49in terms of taxonomy a new epoch,
• 29:52a new geological epoch
• 29:54different from the Holocene.
• 29:56But other than
• 30:00a taxonomy, this is a reality.
• 30:02This means the changing of the conditions
• 30:05of existence in this time and age,
• 30:08and this is what is most important.
• 30:10This is not only a concept,
• 30:13this is the changing of
• 30:15what it means to be human,
• 30:18of what it means to live in this time.
• 30:21So basically, the Anthropocene refers to
• 30:25a new epoch of the stabilization of the
• 30:28Earth's physical and biological systems.
• 30:31As we have seen, this is the world right now.
• 30:33This is something that is going
• 30:36to be extremely hard to tackle
• 30:38to OR to take it to where we were
• 30:42before in the Holocene right.
• 30:44So the preventable risks of the past
• 30:47are now have become imminent impacts
• 30:50and threats they zero is a reality now.
• 30:53We've heard about we need to
• 30:55take care of water for decades.
• 30:58But now it's a reality,
• 31:00and the Anthropocene is mostly
• 31:02what I want you to see is a shift,
• 31:05a change in the conditions of existence,
• 31:08of what it means to be human,
• 31:10of what it means to have a family,
• 31:12of what it means to live,
• 31:14to work in this time and age,
• 31:17and the impacts it has on our human
• 31:20dignity in a world, in our well-being.
• 31:23So what are these changes of conditions
• 31:26of existence we're going to be?
• 31:28We're starting to navigate because
• 31:30it's not in the future.
• 31:32We are already navigating into
• 31:34the Anthropocene with pandemics,
• 31:36with climate change,
• 31:37with the different environmental
• 31:39crisis we are already navigating.
• 31:41So we start to see the world
• 31:44changing to from the flourishing
• 31:47conditions of the Holocene.
• 31:50We're starting to see an unstable,
• 31:52degraded world.
• 31:53That means that in many different
• 31:57conditions are going to be unpredictable,
• 32:00contingent and most importantly,
• 32:04precarious.
• 32:05This is something that we need to understand.
• 32:07This means that we're going to
• 32:10be living in precarious times for
• 32:13a great many part of the world,
• 32:17for the population.
• 32:18And also this also means a limited
• 32:21capacity to solve and to adapt to
• 32:25these conditions of the Anthropocene.
• 32:27And this is something unprecedented here.
• 32:30What you see in this,
• 32:33in this image is where we've
• 32:35been as Homo sapiens,
• 32:37not only as a modern civilization,
• 32:39but every civilization that has existed,
• 32:44from the Greeks, Egypt, Mesopotamia,
• 32:49up to now all civilization
• 32:53has being during the Holocene.
• 32:58So now that we're starting to
• 33:00navigate into the Anthropocene,
• 33:02we're facing unprecedented
• 33:04conditions for humanity.
• 33:06We do not know what it
• 33:08means to do civilization,
• 33:10what it means to be living
• 33:11in a world that has nothing,
• 33:13that doesn't have the stable
• 33:16conditions of the Holocene,
• 33:18but is now unstable,
• 33:20that it is degraded,
• 33:21that it is precarious.
• 33:22We don't not know what it means to
• 33:25live in a kind of world such as that,
• 33:27but we are starting to navigate it.
• 33:31And also this changing of conditions.
• 33:34This is something from which
• 33:37an ethical element derives.
• 33:39This anthropos thing is not
• 33:41simply something for teachers.
• 33:42This is not something that
• 33:44naturally is happening.
• 33:46This, this is also happening because of
• 33:49current inaction of historical emissions
• 33:51or from people who are deliberately
• 33:56committing ecocide, destroying the
• 33:58planet in some way or the other.
• 34:00So the anthropos thing is not only
• 34:02the fortuitous, an unfortunate change
• 34:05in the conditions of existence,
• 34:07but it's also an act of violence.
• 34:10And we need to understand it as such,
• 34:12that this was done, this was perpetrated
• 34:16and perpetrated both by people,
• 34:19by responsible people.
• 34:21So as this, as this tweet mentions,
• 34:24it is common to think of climate and
• 34:26economical breakdown as a result of inaction.
• 34:28That sounds so, so passive.
• 34:30Or when we speak about the missions,
• 34:33it sounds absolutely passive,
• 34:35like unintended consequences.
• 34:37But what if it's the opposite?
• 34:41What if this was done?
• 34:42What if, what if?
• 34:44This is perpetrated by people,
• 34:46by decisions, by staling the negotiations,
• 34:51by increasing the percentage
• 34:54in fossil fuel lending,
• 34:57in funding.
• 34:57Right now as you can see to the right,
• 35:01this was also is something that was
• 35:04reported last year by the International
• 35:07Energy Agency and also that is
• 35:10published in The Lancet Countdown.
• 35:13See the amount of funding that is
• 35:16going right now into fossil fuels,
• 35:21the world, the different countries
• 35:23that are part of the Paris Agreement
• 35:26pledged to have 100,000 million
• 35:28dollars dollars of funding to
• 35:31mitigate climate change and to adapt.
• 35:34And that is nothing compared to
• 35:37the trillions of dollars that are
• 35:40being spent funding fossil fuels.
• 35:43So this is basically funding the climate
• 35:47catastrophe that is not so passive,
• 35:49that is actually quite active.
• 35:51So we have to also see that these
• 35:53anthropos and that these changing
• 35:55of conditions is not something that
• 35:57we are unfortunately are facing.
• 35:59But there is something,
• 36:00it is something violent,
• 36:01something that is the result of
• 36:06deliberate actions, deliberate violence.
• 36:09So in this time and age we will not
• 36:13only be vulnerable but also vulnerated,
• 36:16even by the, by,
• 36:18by the very act of being born.
• 36:21In this time and age.
• 36:23In the Anthropocene,
• 36:27people are born into a vulnerated situation.
• 36:32This means the kind of future,
• 36:33the kind of living that was available
• 36:37for people until not so long ago,
• 36:40is no longer available.
• 36:41For the people who will be born or who are
• 36:45living or who will live in the next decades,
• 36:49that means that they have been robbed.
• 36:52That means that they are
• 36:54already being vulnerated.
• 36:56So this is something that takes us
• 36:58to the very core of what is really
• 37:01unjust and happening right now.
• 37:03But we don't see it as such,
• 37:05because this is the clear example of
• 37:09what Rob Nixon calls slow violence.
• 37:13This kind of violence that is exerted
• 37:15right now in the world that we're facing,
• 37:18the kind of suffering,
• 37:20the kind of elements that are
• 37:22degrading our human dignity.
• 37:23We do not see them as violence.
• 37:25We see it as well the impacts of
• 37:28climate change, but not as a crime,
• 37:30not as something that was perpetrated.
• 37:32And and Rob Nixon explains that
• 37:34this is because of slow violence.
• 37:37And by slow violence,
• 37:38he says.
• 37:39I mentioned a violence that occurs
• 37:40gradually and out of sight,
• 37:42a violence of delayed destruction that
• 37:45is dispersed across time and space,
• 37:47an attritional violence that is
• 37:49typically not viewed as violence at all.
• 37:51And that is exactly the case that we
• 37:53see right now with climate change,
• 37:55with the different environmental crisis.
• 37:57So it says slow violence provokes
• 37:59us to expand our imagination
• 38:01of what constitutes harm.
• 38:03It insists we take seriously
• 38:05forms of violence that have,
• 38:06over time,
• 38:07become unmoored from their original causes,
• 38:10from gradually acidifying oceans to
• 38:13the incremental horrors of climate
• 38:15change to a myriad of other slowly
• 38:18unfolding environmental catastrophes.
• 38:20Slow violence demands we look
• 38:22beyond the immediate, the visceral,
• 38:24and the obvious in our explorations
• 38:27of social justice.
• 38:28We cannot forget this,
• 38:29that this kind of slow violence
• 38:31that is being exerted,
• 38:33I will be the what is changing the
• 38:35conditions of existence in the world.
• 38:38So basically,
• 38:39right now we suppose that human dignity,
• 38:43among other ethical principles,
• 38:45are immutable, that they do not change.
• 38:48But along with these degrading
• 38:50conditions of the Anthropocene,
• 38:52we can see, and we will see,
• 38:55that the very definitions of
• 38:57human dignity will also change,
• 38:59will also degrade.
• 39:01And that is what is most worrisome.
• 39:04What we think is human dignity
• 39:07right now or what we have thought
• 39:10during this time of the Holocene,
• 39:12is definitely not going to be
• 39:14the same as the kind of dignity
• 39:16of human dignity that will be
• 39:18possible in this Anthropocene.
• 39:20So what kind of human dignity
• 39:22and well-being is possible?
• 39:27And this is particularly important because
• 39:31along with the impacts of climate change
• 39:34along with environmental degradation,
• 39:36comes with the evaluation of ethical
• 39:39standards and of ethical standards
• 39:42of acceptability and dignity.
• 39:44And this is perhaps what worries me the most.
• 39:49What is acceptable or unacceptable today in
• 39:54ethical terms might change in the future.
• 39:58And here you can have a a very clear
• 40:01example of what I'm trying to say
• 40:04what you have here in this image.
• 40:07Is publicity from the government of
• 40:10Monterey that is actually trying to
• 40:15communicate in sort of good news saying
• 40:21since the June 30th, there will be water
• 40:27from 5:00 AM for at least seven hours.
• 40:31And they're saying it like some kind of
• 40:35good news and perhaps it is good news.
• 40:38This means that, well, OK, at least we're
• 40:41going to have seven hours of water.
• 40:44But is that ideal? Of course not.
• 40:50But suddenly that is what
• 40:52becomes ethically acceptable.
• 40:57So this is what is really worrisome,
• 40:59that our ethical standards of what it
• 41:03is acceptable are going to change given
• 41:06this degradation, given the scarcity,
• 41:08given the impacts of climate change.
• 41:10So what we would call unacceptable
• 41:15in terms of ethics today,
• 41:18or in terms of human dignity,
• 41:21what if we every day we face water scarcity?
• 41:26What if every year we face
• 41:30this terrible heat waves,
• 41:33or what has now become fire seasons,
• 41:37or the OR other kind of extreme weathers?
• 41:41What if this becomes normality?
• 41:44And that is something that
• 41:46also must worry us a lot.
• 41:48With the degradation of ethical standards,
• 41:52we also will face the
• 41:54normalization of the Anthropocene.
• 41:56This means that perhaps right now
• 42:00it still sounds like emergencies,
• 42:02like something unprecedented.
• 42:03But as we navigate through the
• 42:06impacts of the Anthropocene,
• 42:09then we're going to start to see
• 42:10that this is simply the new normal,
• 42:13that this turbulent world is
• 42:16now the new normal.
• 42:19So what are we going to
• 42:21normalize in this time?
• 42:23Are we normalizing,
• 42:25for example,
• 42:25here also the something that I found
• 42:30to live with 50 litres of
• 42:32or less of water per day.
• 42:35This is something that many of
• 42:36us are going to face now in the
• 42:39couple in the next couple of years.
• 42:41What if, for example,
• 42:43as this year happened, Iran announced
• 42:45nationwide shutdown due to soaring heat?
• 42:49What if this becomes something
• 42:51normal throughout the world?
• 42:53It will. How?
• 42:58How do we do life,
• 43:00or how to do life in a?
• 43:02If we normalize that,
• 43:04this is going to happen.
• 43:06So some questions for this times,
• 43:10some necessary reflections.
• 43:11And not only questions.
• 43:13It is necessary to continually
• 43:15stress that human dignity is deeply
• 43:18intertwined with climate change
• 43:21and environmental degradation.
• 43:22Failure to mitigate and adapt
• 43:24to climate change is an affront
• 43:26to human dignity and well-being.
• 43:28So what kind of human dignity will
• 43:31be possible in this degraded,
• 43:32turbulent world?
• 43:34So mostly because I was,
• 43:37as I mentioned,
• 43:39a dignified life in the Anthropocene
• 43:42will definitely not be the
• 43:45same as a dignified life in
• 43:49the Holocene we already faced,
• 43:52or in this Holocene world,
• 43:56profoundly unjust conditions of existence.
• 43:59But now with the environmental degradation,
• 44:03climate change,
• 44:04biodiversity laws,
• 44:05etcetera,
• 44:06then what kind of dignified life
• 44:09will we face with common day zeros?
• 44:12With all this frequent extreme weather,
• 44:16with this changing of conditions,
• 44:18how can we call this life dignified
• 44:22if this is our daily lives?
• 44:25This is already happening not
• 44:26only in Monterrey,
• 44:27very different cities in in
• 44:29Mexico and the world.
• 44:31They are simply now assuming
• 44:32that this is daily life.
• 44:33The daily life means not having water,
• 44:36that this means that we need to
• 44:38wait two weeks for a truck to come
• 44:41that will supply us with water.
• 44:44That is the normality right now.
• 44:47So if this is the situation,
• 44:50and with this is going,
• 44:51if this is the the the end
• 44:53of my presentation,
• 44:55we need to then move what I propose
• 44:58is to an ontology of precarity.
• 45:01This may sound like a
• 45:05a complex philosophical world,
• 45:07but mostly what it means is to use this
• 45:11is the philosophical or theoretical
• 45:13examination of the nature, existence,
• 45:15and fundamental characteristics,
• 45:17well, the characteristics of
• 45:20precarious conditions experienced
• 45:21by individuals or groups within
• 45:24society and in this time and age.
• 45:26So what does it mean to live?
• 45:29What does it mean to work?
• 45:30What does it mean to do medicine?
• 45:32What does it mean to do public
• 45:34policy in a time of precarity?
• 45:37We need to put this ontology of
• 45:41precarity at the core of what we discuss,
• 45:45be it in our daily lives
• 45:48or our professional lives.
• 45:49Precarity in this context relates
• 45:51to the state of insecurity,
• 45:53instability and vulnerability that
• 45:56individuals or communities experience
• 45:58concerning their livelihoods,
• 46:00well-being and socio economic
• 46:03conditions that we're going to
• 46:05see changing in the Anthropocene.
• 46:09So, mostly
• 46:13so we I can end this presentation.
• 46:15This ontology of precarity aims to provide
• 46:18a deeper understanding of the ontological
• 46:20aspects of insecurity and vulnerability,
• 46:22shedding light on the essence of
• 46:25these conditions within the human
• 46:27experience and societal frameworks.
• 46:29Let's include this ontology of precarity.
• 46:32When we face the suffering, the human
• 46:35dignity issues that we're going to face,
• 46:38that are we are starting to face,
• 46:40and we'll continue to face what
• 46:42we navigate in the Anthropocene.
• 46:43So simply to conclude,
• 46:45preserving the well-being of our
• 46:47planet is inseparable from upholding
• 46:49the dignity of every human life
• 46:51affected by the changing climate.
• 46:53But what if we cannot
• 46:56preserve this well-being?
• 46:57What if we cannot uphold this dignity
• 46:59that we that we could in the Holocene?
• 47:02The Anthropocene will force us,
• 47:04will force a change in the
• 47:06conditions of existence,
• 47:07and thus force us to rethink what
• 47:09is a dignified life in terms
• 47:11of degradation and turbulence.
• 47:13This force us to consider
• 47:15existentially what even can be a
• 47:18dignified life in these Anthropocene.
• 47:20So the grading conditions will
• 47:23also degrade our ethical standards.
• 47:26This is something we continuously
• 47:28need to look what do we consider
• 47:31that is acceptable today?
• 47:32We need to continuously challenge what
• 47:37is acceptable because it will change.
• 47:40And is it and and is it acceptable to accept,
• 47:44let's say this,
• 47:47this new condition of human dignity.
• 47:49So whatever the definition
• 47:51of well-being and dignity,
• 47:52in these New Times,
• 47:53we'll need to consider an ontology
• 47:55of precarity.
• 47:56The kind of life that we were used
• 47:58to in the whole thing simply is,
• 48:00will not be possible in these New Times.
• 48:03So we must consider also and that there
• 48:06is a part of human dignity that will
• 48:09be irreversibly lost as an ultimate
• 48:11injustice perpetrated To have this,
• 48:13to live in this world,
• 48:17to be forced to be to live in this world,
• 48:20means that there is an injustice that has
• 48:22been perpetrated and perpetuated both,
• 48:27and that is they,
• 48:29that creates injustice as a core
• 48:32condition of the Anthropocene.
• 48:35So we must constantly challenge
• 48:37our notions of what is ethically
• 48:40acceptable in this turbulent times.
• 48:43So with that,
• 48:44I thank you so much for your attention.
• 48:47I hope this can create an
• 48:50interesting dialogue.
• 48:50Thank you so much for your time.
• 48:55Thank you so much, Doctor Cottle.
• 48:57That was a truly masterful blend of
• 49:01thinking about science ethically
• 49:04and drawing in all of these
• 49:07critical ethical questions that
• 49:08I'm not seeing done elsewhere.
• 49:10So thank you so much.
• 49:12And I'm sure we have a lot of.
• 49:14I have a list of questions,
• 49:15but I'd like to open it up to any
• 49:18others who have questions to share.
• 49:25Please go ahead.
• 49:28I could start. Thanks for
• 49:30that great presentation.
• 49:33So
• 49:36you framed the Anthropocene
• 49:37as an act of violence,
• 49:40and actually that made me think about war.
• 49:44And there were a lot
• 49:45of analogies between what you
• 49:46were talking about and war.
• 49:49I mean I think we can conclude that war
• 49:51is ethically unacceptable for example
• 49:55and you know the the indignity of war,
• 50:00obvious people dying, the health,
• 50:02the displacement etcetera.
• 50:05So I just wondered, it sounds
• 50:06like you've thought about
• 50:07that as well. So definitely,
• 50:10definitely, definitely.
• 50:10I think that is a great example.
• 50:12That is a great example,
• 50:13a great analogy to think it in terms of war.
• 50:16If you're in the health sector then
• 50:19when you faced with the the impacts of
• 50:21health impacts of climate change and
• 50:24then try to think that you're not only
• 50:26medics working with people but are war.
• 50:28But are medics in times of war or during war
• 50:32the these are the kind of impacts the the,
• 50:36the OR the way we should frame it.
• 50:38I think that is pretty accurate,
• 50:40but by an invisible,
• 50:41let's say enemy of sorts by saying
• 50:45it is intangible but at the same time
• 50:48that we know that there are people
• 50:50responsible in the end for what is happening.
• 50:52So on one hand it is invisible,
• 50:55but on the other hand that
• 50:57is pretty specific.
• 50:58So war is pretty accurate.
• 51:08Any more questions?
• 51:14I would just like to ask,
• 51:15given your policy experience,
• 51:17how you've managed to bring
• 51:19these ethical constructs into
• 51:22your policy conversations and
• 51:24how that has gone in that realm.
• 51:29I think that is a very interesting question.
• 51:31I think many policy makers right now
• 51:35still are unable to come to terms to
• 51:41really understand, to assimilate,
• 51:45that the world we're starting to see
• 51:47and the world we will see in the next
• 51:50decades is not the same world that
• 51:52they have experienced in the past.
• 51:55I see many, many policy makers with
• 51:58my my personal experience that still
• 52:04underestimate the impacts of climate
• 52:06change on one hand and on the other hand
• 52:10they overestimate the capacity that people
• 52:12have or governments have or countries
• 52:15have to deal or to tackle climate change.
• 52:19And I think we're overestimating our
• 52:22capacity. And then many even for example
• 52:26in the government of of Monterey,
• 52:28they they thought of the day zero
• 52:32last year as a victory, not coming
• 52:35again to the war analogy as a victory,
• 52:39but that that was it that they faced water
• 52:43scarcity that year 2022 and that was it.
• 52:46That was the end of it.
• 52:47And they are not understanding that
• 52:50this is now a perpetual state that
• 52:52we're going to face of water scarcity.
• 52:55It's not a thing that is going to
• 52:57happen one year and that's it.
• 52:59But it is a perpetual state and
• 53:01I think many people,
• 53:02many people in governments,
• 53:04many people in the private sector
• 53:06still do not understand that this is
• 53:08not something that we're going to
• 53:09continue to be able to put under the
• 53:12map the OR to deal with it in the same
• 53:17way we could do it in the Holocene.
• 53:19That this is really a change of conditions
• 53:21and that it is going to the Anthropocene.
• 53:26The different impacts are going to
• 53:28change these conditions of existence,
• 53:31and many people have not assimilated that.
• 53:34We're really navigating the
• 53:36beginnings of the Anthropocene.
• 53:38And what does and what does it imply?
• 53:56don't know if there are
• 53:58any other questions. I
• 54:00have a question.
• 54:02I feel like a lot of people within
• 54:03the policy field are really hesitant
• 54:06to address that we're overshooting
• 54:08or that we will overshoot to
• 54:11being in that field and having to create,
• 54:13you know, different documents with teams.
• 54:15How, how do you navigate those kinds of
• 54:17conversation to to be clear that, you know,
• 54:19evidence shows we're going to overshoot,
• 54:20but no one really wants to say
• 54:22that we're going to go against
• 54:23Paris or or things like that.
• 54:25Yeah, Yeah. I I understand the
• 54:27point in terms of diplomacy that we
• 54:29cannot simply say, oh, we're going
• 54:31to overshoot because that could
• 54:35turn out to
• 54:39like a pessimist attitude.
• 54:42And so in diplomacy,
• 54:44it might be important to keep,
• 54:46let's say, the good spirits and
• 54:47to say that it is still possible
• 54:49to change the current scenarios.
• 54:52But in very practical terms,
• 54:54what I do in my particular, in my work,
• 54:58in my everyday work as a sustainable
• 55:01officer is let's let's not just hope
• 55:04for the best and but to prepare
• 55:08for what is most likely to happen.
• 55:11So that means using the
• 55:14scenarios the the representative
• 55:16concentration pathways of the IPCC,
• 55:19not from the ideal world,
• 55:23but with the ranges that include the the
• 55:28kind of situation that we're going to face.
• 55:31So this simply means working
• 55:33with what we know is really
• 55:35more probable that will happen.
• 55:38So assume not just hope for the best,
• 55:44but assume the implications of
• 55:481.5° and possibly of two degrees.
• 55:51At least in the next coming 2 decades,
• 55:54we need to assume it.
• 55:55It is going to happen.
• 55:56I mean, there is still a chance,
• 55:58a mathematical probability of keeping below.
• 56:01But in terms of public policy
• 56:03or any kind of public policy,
• 56:06university policy,
• 56:07private sector policy,
• 56:09we need to start to assume that
• 56:11this is the kind of increase that
• 56:12we're going to see,
• 56:13not just hoping for the best.
• 56:18Can I see there's a question in the chat.
• 56:26Yeah, it's a it's a question. Go ahead.
• 56:30Sorry, sorry.
• 56:30I just thought I would come in.
• 56:32Yeah. Hi everyone.
• 56:33I'm joining you here from Scotland.
• 56:36I work in higher education and
• 56:38health and social care and I
• 56:40have a real passion and interest
• 56:42around sustainability education
• 56:43for student development.
• 56:44And I suppose my my
• 56:47question is around how we
• 56:52prepare our graduates in
• 56:54health and social care for
• 56:59the environment that you know the
• 57:01situations that they're they're going
• 57:03to face in terms of of climate change.
• 57:05And I find it very difficult to advocate
• 57:09for single development goals within
• 57:12our higher education within senior
• 57:16management positions whereby it's not
• 57:18an area of priority if you like and
• 57:22it's how you navigate that when you
• 57:25feel that you don't have that kind
• 57:28of support within higher education.
• 57:31That's what I'm finding moment.
• 57:32So I'm kind of looking outwards to kind
• 57:34of gather information and to to link in
• 57:37with other individuals like yourself.
• 57:39But I find it really challenging
• 57:42to try and develop that area of
• 57:45research when it's not a priority,
• 57:47which I find really difficult.
• 57:48But, but yeah,
• 57:50it was just what what advice you you
• 57:52would have or what experience people have
• 57:55had around how we educate individuals,
• 57:59the workforce and health and
• 58:02social care is like,
• 58:04you know,
• 58:04we haven't scratched surface with that
• 58:07definitely so important
• 58:10what you're mentioning.
• 58:11And this is something that
• 58:12I constantly think of.
• 58:13This means a change also,
• 58:15I mean in every aspect of society,
• 58:17but in terms of universities,
• 58:20this means a change,
• 58:21a shift that is required in the
• 58:24very philosophy of how we educate.
• 58:27This is something that is going to be very,
• 58:29very important.
• 58:30Recently I was also doing a presentation
• 58:32precisely on education and climate change.
• 58:35And the question that I was developing
• 58:38is are are universities right now
• 58:41preparing us really for the kind of
• 58:44world that we're going to face right now?
• 58:47They might have university might
• 58:51be preparing for jobs, but are they
• 58:55really preparing for what it means?
• 58:57For what day zero means for the
• 59:01implications of day zero of not having food?
• 59:05What if there's a break
• 59:07in the chain of supply?
• 59:09How many of us do we know what to do,
• 59:12how to grow food?
• 59:13How many of us know how to recycle water?
• 59:17How do how many of us need
• 59:19know how to harvest water?
• 59:21Etcetera.
• 59:22So how are universities preparing
• 59:27to deal with actual crisis,
• 59:30with actual contingencies,
• 59:31with the actual implications of what
• 59:34will mean to live in the Anthropocene?
• 59:37So that is a profound questions
• 59:39and of course that could take us
• 59:41to another another whole lecture on
• 59:43that on the philosophy of education.
• 59:45But that, I think,
• 59:46is a very important question.
• 59:48Our university,
• 59:49our universities preparing us really
• 59:53to deal to actually deal with real
• 59:58world impacts of this car city of the,
• 01:00:02of, of the Anthropocene.
• 01:00:07And with that,
• 01:00:08I think this conversation could
• 01:00:11last about a week at least.
• 01:00:13This has been magnificent.
• 01:00:15Professor Caudill,
• 01:00:15thank you so much for your time.
• 01:00:17Thank you everyone for joining
• 01:00:19from all over the world.
• 01:00:20And I think you've given us so
• 01:00:22much to think about as we move
• 01:00:24forward in our current positions.
• 01:00:26So really appreciate it.
• 01:00:27Thank you everyone for joining as well.
• 01:00:30Thank you so much for these invitations.
• 01:00:32Thank you everyone for the time.
• 01:00:34Thank you. Thank you.