Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Collaborators G, Stanaway J, Afshin A, Gakidou E, Lim S, Abate D, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader R, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Abera S, Abil O, Abraha H, Abrham A, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Accrombessi M, Acharya D, Acharya P, Adamu A, Adane A, Adebayo O, Adedoyin R, Adekanmbi V, Ademi Z, Adetokunboh O, Adib M, Admasie A, Adsuar J, Afanvi K, Afarideh M, Agarwal G, Aggarwal A, Aghayan S, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akbari M, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al-Aly Z, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Mekhlafi H, Alahdab F, Alam K, Alam S, Alam T, Alashi A, Alavian S, Alene K, Ali K, Ali S, Alijanzadeh M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Aljunid S, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Ammar W, Anber N, Anderson J, Andrei C, Androudi S, Animut M, Anjomshoa M, Ansha M, Antó J, Antonio C, Anwari P, Appiah L, Appiah S, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Ataro Z, Ausloos M, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayer R, Ayuk T, Azzopardi P, Babazadeh A, Badali H, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Bali A, Ball K, Ballew S, Banach M, Banoub J, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barrero L, Basu S, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bekru E, Belay E, Belay Y, Bell M, Bello A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Bergeron G, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Bernstein R, Beuran M, Beyranvand T, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhattarai S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilano V, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Bisanzio D, Biswas T, Bjørge T, Blacker B, Bleyer A, Borschmann R, Bou-Orm I, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brady O, Brauer M, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Briko A, Britton G, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Burnett R, Busse R, Butt Z, Cahill L, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato I, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cercy K, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang H, Chang J, Chang K, Charlson F, Chattopadhyay A, Chattu V, Chee M, Cheng C, Chew A, Chiang P, Chimed-Ochir O, Chin K, Chitheer A, Choi J, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christopher D, Chung S, Cicuttini F, Cirillo M, Cohen A, Collado-Mateo D, Cooper C, Cooper O, Coresh J, Cornaby L, Cortesi P, Cortinovis M, Costa M, Cousin E, Criqui M, Cromwell E, Cundiff D, Daba A, Dachew B, Dadi A, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darby S, Dargan P, Daryani A, Gupta R, Neves J, Dasa T, Dash A, Davitoiu D, Davletov K, De la Cruz-Góngora V, De La Hoz F, De Leo D, De Neve J, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Demoz G, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Deshpande A, Jarlais D, Dessie G, Deveber G, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhimal M, Dinberu M, Ding E, Diro H, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Dokova K, Doku D, Doyle K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Duncan B, Duraes A, Ebert N, Ebrahimi H, Ebrahimpour S, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, Eggen A, Bcheraoui C, El-Khatib Z, Elyazar I, Enayati A, Endries A, Er B, Erskine H, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fakhim H, Faramarzi M, Fareed M, Farid T, Farinha C, Farioli A, Faro A, Farvid M, Farzaei M, Fatima B, Fay K, Fazaeli A, Feigin V, Feigl A, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Fernandes J, Ferrara G, Ferrari A, Ferreira M, Filip I, Finger J, Fischer F, Foigt N, Foreman K, Fukumoto T, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Futran N, Gall S, Gallus S, Gamkrelidze A, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gardner W, Gebre A, Gebremedhin A, Gebremichael T, Gelano T, Geleijnse J, Geramo Y, Gething P, Gezae K, Ghadimi R, Ghadiri K, Falavarjani K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghimire M, Ghosh R, Ghoshal A, Giampaoli S, Gill P, Gill T, Gillum R, Ginawi I, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya E, Godwin W, Goli S, Gómez-Dantés H, Gona P, Gopalani S, Goulart A, Grada A, Grams M, Grosso G, Gugnani H, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gutiérrez R, Gutiérrez-Torres D, Haagsma J, Habtewold T, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagos T, Hailegiyorgis T, Hailu G, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Harikrishnan S, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay S, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Heibati B, Heidari B, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Henok A, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Heydarpour S, Hibstu D, Higazi T, Hilawe E, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Hole M, Rad E, Hoogar P, Hosgood H, Hosseini S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Hsiao T, Hu G, Hu H, Huang J, Hussen M, Huynh C, Iburg K, Ikeda N, Ilesanmi O, Iqbal U, Irvani S, Irvine C, Islam M, Islami F, Jackson M, Jacobsen K, Jahangiry L, Jahanmehr N, Jain S, Jakovljevic M, James S, Jassal S, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jha R, Jha V, Ji J, Jonas J, Jonnagaddala J, Shushtari Z, Joshi A, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kanchan T, Kant S, Kar C, Karami M, Matin B, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi N, Karimi S, Kasaeian A, Kassa D, Kassa G, Kassa T, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazemi Z, Karyani A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Kemp G, Kengne A, Keren A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khafaei B, Khafaie M, Khajavi A, Khalid N, Khalil I, Khan G, Khan M, Khan M, Khang Y, Khater M, Khazaei M, Khazaie H, Khoja A, Khosravi A, Khosravi M, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim C, Kim D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Kolola T, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishan K, Krohn K, Kromhout H, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kuzin I, Kyu H, Lachat C, Lad D, Lad S, Lafranconi A, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lami F, Lang J, Lansingh V, Larson S, Latifi A, Lazarus J, Lee P, Leigh J, Leili M, Leshargie C, Leung J, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li S, Li Y, Liang J, Liang X, Liao Y, Liben M, Lim L, Linn S, Liu S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lucas T, Lunevicius R, Ma S, Macarayan E, Machado Í, Madotto F, Thi H, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manda A, Manguerra H, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Maravilla J, Marcenes W, Marks A, Martin R, Martins S, Martins-Melo F, März W, Marzan M, Massenburg B, Mathur M, Mathur P, Matsushita K, Maulik P, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mehta K, Mehta V, Meier T, Mekonnen F, Melaku Y, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Mensink G, Mereta S, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Mezgebe H, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Millear A, Miller T, Miller-Petrie M, Mini G, Mirarefin M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mitiku H, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mohammad K, Mohammadi M, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Molokhia M, Momeniha F, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morgado-Da-Costa J, Morrison S, Moschos M, Mouodi S, Mousavi S, Mozaffarian D, Mruts K, Muche A, Muchie K, Mueller U, Muhammed O, Mukhopadhyay S, Muller K, Musa K, Mustafa G, Nabhan A, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Naik N, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu J, Nascimento B, Neal B, Neamati N, Negoi I, Negoi R, Neupane S, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen A, Nguyen G, Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Nguyen M, Nguyen N, Nichols E, Nie J, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nishi N, Nixon M, Nojomi M, Nomura S, Norheim O, Noroozi M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nouri H, Shiadeh M, Nowroozi M, Nsoesie E, Nyasulu P, Obermeyer C, Odell C, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo F, Oh I, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Ong S, Oren E, Orpana H, Ortiz A, Ota E, Otstavnov S, Øverland S, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pakhare A, Pakpour A, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park E, Parry C, Parsian H, Patel S, Pati S, Patil S, Patle A, Patton G, Paudel D, Paulson K, Ballesteros W, Pearce N, Pereira A, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Pham H, Phillips M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Pirsaheb M, Pischon T, Pishgar F, Plana-Ripoll O, Plass D, Polinder S, Polkinghorne K, Postma M, Poulton R, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Prabhakaran D, Prakash S, Prasad N, Purcell C, Purwar M, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi Z, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajati F, Rajsic S, Raju S, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Ranjan P, Rath G, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reddy K, Rehm C, Rehm J, Reiner R, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Reynales-Shigematsu L, Rezaei S, Ribeiro A, Rivera J, Roba K, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Roever L, Román Y, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Rushton L, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Moghaddam S, Safari H, Safari Y, Safari-Faramani R, Safdarian, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Sajadi H, Salam N, Salamati P, Saleem Z, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Salomon J, Salvi D, Salz I, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Sánchez-Pimienta T, Sanders T, Sang Y, Santomauro D, Santos I, Santos J, Milicevic M, Jose B, Sardana M, Sarker A, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Schaeffner E, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schöttker B, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Scott J, Seedat S, Sekerija M, Sepanlou S, Serre M, Serván-Mori E, Seyedmousavi S, Shabaninejad H, Shaddick G, Shafieesabet A, Shahbazi M, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Levy T, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Sharafi H, Sharafi K, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini, Sharifi H, Sharma J, Sharma M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikh A, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shiferaw M, Shigematsu M, Shin M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Shokraneh F, Shoman H, Shrime M, Shupler M, Si S, Siabani S, Sibai A, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Singh N, Singh V, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Smith D, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Somayaji R, Soofi M, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Soyiri I, Spinelli A, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Starodubov V, Steckling N, Stein D, Stein M, Stevanovic G, Stockfelt L, Stokes M, Sturua L, Subart M, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Sulo G, Sunguya B, Sur P, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla S, Takahashi K, Tandon N, Tassew S, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekalign T, Tekelemedhin S, Tekle M, Temesgen H, Temsah M, Temsah O, Terkawi A, Tessema B, Teweldemedhin M, Thankappan K, Theis A, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas H, Thomas M, Thomas N, Thurston G, Tilahun B, Tillmann T, To Q, Tobollik M, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre A, Tortajada-Girbés M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone M, Towbin J, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Truong N, Tsadik A, Car L, Tuzcu E, Tymeson H, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Updike R, Usman M, Uthman O, Vaduganathan M, Vaezi A, Valdez P, Van Donkelaar A, Varavikova E, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venkateswaran V, Venketasubramanian N, Villafaina S, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Waller S, Walson J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weldegebreal F, Werdecker A, Werkneh A, West J, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Widecka J, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiyeh A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Wong T, Wu S, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yadollahpour A, Jabbari S, Yamada T, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yasin Y, Yeshaneh A, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zavala-Arciniega L, Zhang A, Zhang H, Zhang K, Zhou M, Zimsen S, Zodpey S, Murray C. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 2018, 392: 1923-1994. PMID: 30496105, PMCID: PMC6227755, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32225-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolDisabled PersonsEnvironmental ExposureFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHealth Risk BehaviorsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLife ExpectancyMaleMetabolic DiseasesMiddle AgedOccupational DiseasesOccupational ExposureQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk AssessmentSex DistributionSocioeconomic FactorsYoung AdultConceptsTheoretical minimum risk exposure levelSocio-demographic IndexSystolic blood pressureHigher systolic blood pressureRisk-outcome pairsMetabolic riskRisk factorsDALY ratesExposure levelsRisk exposure levelStatistical modelGlobal burdenUnsafe sexAge-standardised DALY ratesNational comparative risk assessmentHigher body mass indexOccupational riskAlcohol useComparative risk assessmentPrevious iterationDisease Study 2017Body mass indexConsiderable spatiotemporal heterogeneityNon-communicable diseasesPublic health challenge
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