2018
Potential effectiveness of long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: a modelling study
Marshall BDL, Goedel WC, King MRF, Singleton A, Durham DP, Chan PA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Potential effectiveness of long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: a modelling study. The Lancet HIV 2018, 5: e498-e505. PMID: 29908917, PMCID: PMC6138558, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30097-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNew HIV infectionsInjectable PrEPPre-exposure prophylaxisOral PrEPHIV infectionHIV transmissionInjectable pre-exposure prophylaxisOral pre-exposure prophylaxisAbsence of PrEPDaily oral PrEPTime-varying efficacyPhase 3 trialRetention of patientsNational InstituteDiscontinuation ratesSafety trialMacaque modelHIV preventionCumulative numberClinical carePharmacokinetic dataCoverage levelsPotential effectivenessPopulation-level impactInfection
2016
Vaccination strategies against respiratory syncytial virus
Yamin D, Jones FK, DeVincenzo JP, Gertler S, Kobiler O, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Vaccination strategies against respiratory syncytial virus. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2016, 113: 13239-13244. PMID: 27799521, PMCID: PMC5135296, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522597113.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory syncytial virusSyncytial virusVaccination strategiesAge-specific vaccination strategiesRSV vaccine candidatesSubstantial indirect protectionInfectious viral loadOngoing clinical trialsWeekly incidence ratesTargeting of childrenDifferent age groupsInfected childrenRSV vaccinationVaccination uptakeInfant hospitalizationViral loadVaccine mechanismVaccination programClinical trialsIncidence rateCommon causeRSV incidenceVaccine candidatesAge groupsRSV symptomsCost-effectiveness of next-generation vaccines: The case of pertussis
Fitzpatrick MC, Wenzel NS, Scarpino SV, Althouse BM, Atkins KE, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. Cost-effectiveness of next-generation vaccines: The case of pertussis. Vaccine 2016, 34: 3405-3411. PMID: 27087151, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNext-generation vaccinesDuration of protectionAdult boostersChildhood seriesAge-structured transmission modelVaccination coverage ratesCases of pertussisPublic health challengePerfect efficacyPertussis vaccinationPertussis vaccinePertussis incidenceCurrent vaccinesNew vaccinesPotential vaccinesGreater efficacyVaccineVaccine improvementHealth challengesAverage durationHealth benefitsEfficacyDoseShort durationPertussis
2015
The Impact of Enhanced Screening and Treatment on Hepatitis C in the United States
Durham DP, Skrip LA, Bruce RD, Vilarinho S, Elbasha EH, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. The Impact of Enhanced Screening and Treatment on Hepatitis C in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2015, 62: 298-304. PMID: 26628566, PMCID: PMC4706637, DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInterferon-free DAAsHCV incidenceTreatment ratesChronic hepatitis C virusCases of cirrhosisInjection drug useImpact of administrationAnnual treatment ratesEnhanced screeningHCV prevalenceHCV screeningDecompensated cirrhosisHCV infectionHCV transmissionHepatitis CLiver transplantActing antiviralsLevels of screeningPatients 4C virusHepatocellular carcinomaEpidemiological dataUniversal screeningDrug useOptimizing age of cytomegalovirus screening and vaccination to avert congenital disease in the US
Alfaro-Murillo JA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Optimizing age of cytomegalovirus screening and vaccination to avert congenital disease in the US. Vaccine 2015, 34: 225-229. PMID: 26631416, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCytomegalovirus InfectionsCytomegalovirus VaccinesDisease Transmission, InfectiousFemaleHumansImmunization ScheduleInfantInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsVaccine waningVaccine efficacyOptimal ageCMV vaccine candidatesLongitudinal clinical evaluationChild-bearing yearsYears of ageTransmission dynamicsCMV prevalenceCMV vaccinationCytomegalovirus ScreeningSeronegative femalesCongenital infectionCytomegalovirus infectionVaccine protectionSuch vaccinationClinical evaluationClinical trialsHearing lossVaccine candidatesVaccinationDemographic dataCongenital diseaseCognitive deficitsIndirect protectionIntegrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa
Gilbert JA, Long EF, Brooks RP, Friedland GH, Moll AP, Townsend JP, Galvani AP, Shenoi SV. Integrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0126267. PMID: 25938501, PMCID: PMC4418809, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126267.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIVHIV control strategiesMDR-TBXDR-TBHIV deathsHIV casesHIV epidemicRural South AfricaTB/HIV casesTB treatment delayIsoniazid preventive therapyDrug-resistant TBHIV treatment programsTreatment cure ratesHIV case findingHIV control effortsNovel screening programPreventive therapyTB casesTB treatmentTreatment delayHIV transmissionCure rateQuestionnaire's sensitivityScreening program
2013
Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Treatment for Reducing HIV Transmission in Africa – The Case of Zimbabwean Women
Mbah M, Poolman EM, Atkins KE, Orenstein EW, Meyers LA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Treatment for Reducing HIV Transmission in Africa – The Case of Zimbabwean Women. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2013, 7: e2346. PMID: 23936578, PMCID: PMC3731236, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002346.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFemale genital schistosomiasisHIV infectionPraziquantel administrationHIV transmissionSchool-aged childrenAnnual administrationHIV prevalenceSchistosoma haematobiumCost-effective public health interventionsAntenatal clinic dataReducing HIV TransmissionBurden of HIVCases of HIVTen-year periodPublic health interventionsCost-effectiveness analysisNovel intervention strategiesGenital schistosomiasisGenital infectionSaharan AfricaCost-saving strategyNet savingsSchistosomiasis treatmentEpidemiological dataClinic dataOptimal targeting of seasonal influenza vaccination toward younger ages is robust to parameter uncertainty
Mbah M, Medlock J, Meyers LA, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. Optimal targeting of seasonal influenza vaccination toward younger ages is robust to parameter uncertainty. Vaccine 2013, 31: 3079-3089. PMID: 23684837, PMCID: PMC3764605, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptimal vaccine allocationParameter uncertaintiesMathematical modelProbability distributionConsideration of uncertaintiesOutcome measuresVaccine allocationHuman population immunitySeasonal influenza vaccinationControl of influenzaUncertainty analysisFace of uncertaintyInfluenza vaccinationVaccine efficacySeasonal influenzaPopulation immunityUncertaintyEpidemiological dataHigh riskYounger ageYoung adultsEpidemiological parametersOptimal agePrevious recommendationsVaccine
2012
The influence of altruism on influenza vaccination decisions
Shim E, Chapman GB, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. The influence of altruism on influenza vaccination decisions. Journal Of The Royal Society Interface 2012, 9: 2234-2243. PMID: 22496100, PMCID: PMC3405754, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0115.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfluenza vaccination decisionsVaccination decisionsImpact of altruismInfluence of altruismVaccination policyGame theoryPersonal payoffAltruismInfluenza vaccinationOptimal vaccination policiesDisease burdenPublic health outcomesHealth outcomesAltruistic motivationTotal costPolicyDecisionsEpidemiological modelPotential strategyPayoffsAssumptionSurvey studyMorbidityVaccinationFundamental assumptions