Causal interpretation of the hazard ratio in randomized clinical trials.
Fay M, Li F. Causal interpretation of the hazard ratio in randomized clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2024, 21: 623-635. PMID: 38679930, PMCID: PMC11502288, DOI: 10.1177/17407745241243308.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProportional hazards assumptionHazard ratioHazards assumptionConstant hazard ratioRandomized clinical trialsMeasure of treatment effectTime-varying effectsEstimandsRate ratiosUntestable assumptionsIndividual-levelPopulation-level interpretationCausal effectsClinical trialistsIndividual-level interpretationsClinical trialsAssumptionsCausal interpretationAverage changeTreatment effectsPotential outcomes