1999
Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption Patterns in Relation to Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Men
Leitzmann M, Giovannucci E, Stampfer M, Spiegelman D, Colditz G, Willett W, Rimm E. Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption Patterns in Relation to Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Men. Alcohol Clinical And Experimental Research 1999, 23: 835-841. PMID: 10371403, DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04191.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic gallstone diseaseGallstone diseaseAlcohol intakeAlcohol consumption patternsDecreased riskAmount of alcoholAlcohol consumptionCohort of menAlcoholic beverage typesSymptomatic gallstonesFrequent intakeModerate intakeProspective studyRisk factorsSignificant associationDiseaseIntakeBeverage typePotential health hazardsRiskMenAlcoholic beveragesHealth hazardsAssociationConsumption patterns
1998
The relation of physical activity to risk for symptomatic gallstone disease in men.
Leitzmann MF, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Wing AL, Willett WC. The relation of physical activity to risk for symptomatic gallstone disease in men. Annals Of Internal Medicine 1998, 128: 417-25. PMID: 9499324, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic gallstone diseaseGallstone diseasePhysical activityYears of ageSymptomatic gallstonesBody weightU.S. male health professionalsMale health professionalsProspective cohort studyUse of medicationsMen 65 yearsStrong inverse associationBiliary eventsMen 40Cohort studySmoking habitsExtreme quintilesAlcohol intakeRecent symptomsInverse associationMultiple confoundersMedical conditionsSedentary behaviorHigh riskHealth professionals