2001
Intakes of carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E and MS risk among two large cohorts of women
Zhang SM, Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Intakes of carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E and MS risk among two large cohorts of women. Neurology 2001, 57: 75-80. PMID: 11445631, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.1.75.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of MSVitamin EVitamin CLarge cohortSemiquantitative food frequency questionnaireRecent case-control studyAssociation of intakeMultivariate relative riskVitamin C intakeFood frequency questionnaireIntake of carotenoidsIntake of fruitsDietary vitamin CTotal energy intakeDietary vitamin E.Case-control studyLutein/zeaxanthinCases of MSFrequency questionnaireC intakeMS riskMultivitamin supplementsAntioxidant nutrientsHighest quintileLowest quintile
2000
Oral contraceptives and the incidence of multiple sclerosis
Hernán M, Hohol MJ, Olek MJ, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Oral contraceptives and the incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2000, 55: 848-853. PMID: 10994007, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.6.848.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of MSHealth Study IIOral contraceptive useOral contraceptivesContraceptive useProtective effectHealth StudyNurses' Health Study IIAge-adjusted relative riskOral contraceptive historiesNurses' Health StudyProgression of MSDiagnosis of MSDuration of useCohort studyMS incidenceMS riskHormonal contraceptionMultiple sclerosisContraceptive historyRelative riskClinical dataProbable casesU.S. womenPast users