2023
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children
Vilhelmsson A, Rylander L, Jöud A, Lindh C, Mattsson K, Liew Z, Guo P, Ritz B, Källén K, Thacher J. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children. The Science Of The Total Environment 2023, 899: 165622. PMID: 37474063, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165622.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOdds ratioPreterm infantsEarly pregnancyPerfluorononanoic acidPrenatal PFAS exposureMaternal serum concentrationsCerebral palsy casesConfidence intervalsCase-control studyRisk of CPEnvironmental risk factorsPositive associationContinuous variablesHigh PFASPalsy casesBirth RegistryPreterm controlsCerebral palsyLifestyle factorsPreterm casesUnexplained etiologyPrenatal exposureSerum concentrationsRisk factorsPerfluorooctane sulfonateAssociation Between Estimated Geocoded Residential Maternal Exposure to Lithium in Drinking Water and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring in Denmark
Liew Z, Meng Q, Yan Q, Schullehner J, Hansen B, Kristiansen S, Voutchkova D, Olsen J, Ersbøll A, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ritz B. Association Between Estimated Geocoded Residential Maternal Exposure to Lithium in Drinking Water and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring in Denmark. JAMA Pediatrics 2023, 177: 617-624. PMID: 37010840, PMCID: PMC10071398, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0346.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaternal exposureOdds ratioStratified analysisNationwide population-based case-control studyPopulation-based case-control studyDanish Medical Birth RegistryDanish Psychiatric Central RegisterAutism spectrum disorderMedical Birth RegistryNovel environmental risk factorTenth Revision codesAdverse birth outcomesControl participantsMaternal prenatal exposureMaternal residential addressBirth yearCase-control studyPsychiatric Central RegisterMood-stabilizing effectsAir pollution exposureEnvironmental risk factorsInternational Statistical ClassificationWnt/β-catenin signalingStudy teamRelated Health Problems
2022
Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California
Zhou L, Meng Q, von Ehrenstein O, Xiao J, Gao Y, Wu Y, Ritz B, Liew Z. Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2022, 255: 147-153.e6. PMID: 36372095, PMCID: PMC10121738, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.10.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral palsyPaternal ageGreater riskPreterm birthMaternal ageParental ageRisk of CPYoung maternal ageBirth certificate recordsCase-control studyTime of deliveryChildren of mothersOlder paternal ageCP diagnosisPreterm deliveryOffspring riskCertificate recordsCP casesCP riskSingleton controlsAge 20Older mothersAge 25Older ageChildhood risk
2018
How to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies
Nohr EA, Liew Z. How to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2018, 97: 407-416. PMID: 29415329, DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCohort studyDanish National Birth CohortSelection biasLong-term followNational Birth CohortLongitudinal cohort studyCase-control studySubsequent follow upsExposure-outcome associationsTraditional epidemiological approachesPreventable causeFollow-upInverse probability weightingBirth cohortInitial participation rateStudy designEpidemiological approachLimited dataCohortDiseaseBias analysisProbability weightingParticipation ratesParticipantsLess disease
2014
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Liew Z, Ritz B, von Ehrenstein OS, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei C, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014, 123: 367-373. PMID: 25616253, PMCID: PMC4383573, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408412.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderDanish National Birth CohortNational Birth CohortDeficit/hyperactivity disorderPrenatal exposureRisk ratioChildhood autismBirth cohortDanish National Hospital RegistryDanish Psychiatric Central RegistryNested Case-Control StudyRisk of ADHDNational Hospital RegistryPrenatal PFAS exposureHyperactivity disorderCase-control studyMother-child pairsPerfluoroalkyl substancesConsistent evidenceHospital registryProspective studyPlasma levelsNeurobehavioral problemsPFAS exposureCentral Registry