Salome Charalambous
Associate Professor AdjunctCards
About
Research
Publications
2026
Dynamics of Quantiferon-Gold Plus results in a large TB preventive treatment trial across three high-burden HIV/TB countries
Saavedra-Cervera B, Nguenha D, Chihota V, Yimer G, Fernández-Escobar C, Mngadi K, Brumskine W, Martinson N, Wang S, Masilela L, Waggie Z, Martínez L, van den Hof S, Charalambous S, Cobelens F, Chaisson R, Grant A, Fielding K, Churchyard G, Garcia-Basteiro A. Dynamics of Quantiferon-Gold Plus results in a large TB preventive treatment trial across three high-burden HIV/TB countries. Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2026, jiag165. PMID: 41843759, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiag165.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTuberculosis preventive treatmentQuantiFERON Gold PlusQFT-PlusRifapentine-isoniazidTB/HIV burden countriesQFT-Plus testLongitudinal analysisPreventive treatment trialsDaily isoniazidQuantiferon GoldQFT-positiveIGRA resultsPLHIVSerial changesProportion of conversionClinical trialsStudy armsPreventive treatmentBurden countriesTreatment trialsStudy periodParticipantsMonthsBaselineTrialsDifferentiated HIV Service Delivery vs Conventional Care: Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Outcomes for People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Johnson A, Chimoyi L, Charalambous S, Kawaza N, Hoffmann C, Davis J, Chihota V. Differentiated HIV Service Delivery vs Conventional Care: Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Outcomes for People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2026 PMID: 41812010, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003864.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDifferentiated service delivery modelsDifferentiated service deliveryTuberculosis preventive therapyService deliveryRE-AIM frameworkModels of careHIV service deliverySub-Saharan AfricaLongitudinal cohort studyMultivariate logistic regression modelCox proportional hazards modelsLogistic regression modelsRE-AIMProvider visitsProportional hazards modelConventional careHigher oddsCohort studyBivariate analysisHazards modelRegression modelsPreventive therapyClinical factorsCareHIVpanTB-HM: a multi-arm clinical trial of a pan-TB regimen targeting both host and microbe
Mudzengi D, Mashatole S, Xiang Q, Adrion C, Glover N, Ngwanto T, Mdluli J, Boniface S, Rassool M, Matome B, Paramo L, Svensson E, Fasanmi A, Angelo S, Moyo M, Marx C, Khosa C, Mokaba L, Mofokeng N, Lalashowi J, Nacy C, Charalambous S, Fumane E, Maphossa V, Beattie T, Brumskine W, Venter C, Mapamba D, Heinrich N, Rajaram S, Kooverjee S, Botha L, Nell M, Easton A, Foraida S, Warren R, Sabi I, Ntinginya N, Wallis R. panTB-HM: a multi-arm clinical trial of a pan-TB regimen targeting both host and microbe. Trials 2026 PMID: 41749341, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-026-09568-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHost response biomarkers of tuberculosis recurrence and treatment failure
Bauer B, Ahmed M, Baranov O, Bakuli A, Lin L, Kisinda A, Chachage M, Ntinginya N, Khosa C, Hoelscher M, Rassool M, Charalambous S, Sutherland J, Held K, Rachow A, Geldmacher C. Host response biomarkers of tuberculosis recurrence and treatment failure. Communications Medicine 2026 PMID: 41691044, DOI: 10.1038/s43856-026-01424-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHost response biomarkersTreatment failureTB recurrenceRecurrent TBTranscriptomic signaturesT cell activation markersSputum Mycobacterium tuberculosisTB treatment failureT cell activationCase-control studyMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis recurrenceNon-conversionCD38 expressionSmear resultsActivation markersPeripheral bloodTreatment initiationHIV statusMonth 2MTB cultureDetection of tuberculosisTB diseaseRecurrenceMonth 9Insights on the implementation strategies for a potential new tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa
Thomas K, Okoro C, Ntshiqa T, Damovsky V, Goldberg D, Ramokhoase O, Clark R, Jassat W, Churchyard G, Abdullah F, Kubjane M, Seeley J, Charalambous S, White R. Insights on the implementation strategies for a potential new tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa. PLOS Global Public Health 2026, 6: e0005047. PMID: 41616046, PMCID: PMC12858010, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTB vaccinesHigh-risk groupThematic content analysisIntegrated service deliveryPopulation-based approachClinical trialsPublic health impactSemi-structured interviewsTB household contactsHigher disease burdenCost-effectivePriority populationsTB infection prevalenceLate-stage clinical trialsHealthcare workersHigh-burden areasImplementation logisticsStrong advocacyTB vaccine researchImplementation strategiesService deliverySouth AfricaSuccessful implementationDisease burdenDeductive analysisBaseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma
Steulet A, Hippner P, Maraba N, Jennings L, Rabothata I, Mukora R, Xaba N, Mchunu L, Velen K, Orrell C, Charalambous S, Fielding K. Baseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma. BMC Infectious Diseases 2026, 26: 251. PMID: 41501688, PMCID: PMC12869961, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-12304-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPerceived stigmaCare accessTB treatmentClinical careTreatment adherenceAdherence to TB treatmentPoor adherencePublic health clinicsCluster randomized trialDeterminants of adherenceAntiretroviral therapyTB treatment adherenceMeasures of adherenceIndividual-level factorsNegative binomial regressionTB stigmaAdherence to tuberculosisHealth clinicsConfounder selectionControl groupHIV statusLow adherenceRate ratiosOdds ratioRisk of treatment failureThe effects of war on digital adherence technology engagement for TB treatment in Ukraine
Deyanova N, McQuaid C, Kochanov V, Bogdanov A, Madden N, Charalambous S, van Kalmthout K, Jerene D, Fielding K, Gamazina K. The effects of war on digital adherence technology engagement for TB treatment in Ukraine. IJTLD OPEN 2026, 3: 24-30. PMID: 41582956, PMCID: PMC12826589, DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.25.0503.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2025
Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who “Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa
Medina-Marino A, Arua E, de Vos L, Fiphaza K, Bezuidenhout D, Ngcelwane N, Charalambous S, Daniels J. Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who “Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2025, ciaf714. PMID: 41417651, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaf714.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCare engagementSuboptimal engagementGendered patternsOptimal health outcomesPatient-centered counselingTB patientsGender-stratified modelsGender-responsive interventionsLongitudinal trajectoriesTreatment successHIV-negative statusMedication refill dataLatent class mixed modelsRefill patternsHealth outcomesTrajectory class membershipRefill dataFlexible treatment strategiesLogistic regressionRefill behaviorClass 1Treatment completionSouth AfricaShorter regimensMixed modelsA study protocol to co-develop and evaluate interventions that strengthen healthcare resilience to extreme weather events in three African countries: the ASTRA study
Mabuto T, Orievulu K, Bond V, Simwinga M, Grapsa E, Khoza T, Khan-Gillmore S, Nzimande L, Craig M, Khagayi S, Chirwa T, Chiau R, Ossemane E, Hoffmann C, Seeley J, Kniveton D, Babashahi S, Rangunwala A, Mthembu N, Oberholzer C, Charalambous S, Iwuji C. A study protocol to co-develop and evaluate interventions that strengthen healthcare resilience to extreme weather events in three African countries: the ASTRA study. Frontiers In Climate 2025, 7: 1679392. DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2025.1679392.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHealth system resilienceBurden of HIVEconomic evaluationDelphi consensus processMiddle-income countriesBenefits of interventionsMixed-methods studyASTRA studyPrototype interventionHealth outcomesHealthcare systemExtreme weather eventsConsensus processEvidence-basedService deliveryVulnerable populationsEthnographic assessmentScoping interviewsAssessment of communityCo-creation workshopsCommunity engagementStudy protocolInterventionAfrican countriesCosts of inactionEvaluating the New TB Antigen-Based Skin Test to Diagnose TB Infection in South Africa
Sathar F, du Toit C, Chihota V, Eastop C, Ndjeka N, Motlhaoleng K, Hausler H, Mphahlele M, Radia K, Ntshiqa T, Hatherill M, Switala J, Charalambous S, Velen K. Evaluating the New TB Antigen-Based Skin Test to Diagnose TB Infection in South Africa. Tropical Medicine And Infectious Disease 2025, 10: 338. PMID: 41441576, PMCID: PMC12737664, DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed10120338.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTB preventive treatmentTB infection testingTB infectionSkin testWorld Health OrganizationPatient-level barriersTB diagnosisAcceptance of testingPoint-of-care optionPrevalence of TB infectionDiagnosing TB infectionLevel barriersDiagnosis of childrenPositive immunological testsHealthcare workersPregnant womenTB contactTB diseaseHealth OrganizationPreventive treatmentSouth AfricaImmunological testsSituation analysisMycobacterium tuberculosisPoor sensitivity