Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S.
Maloney KO, Baruch-Mordo S, Patterson LA, Nicot JP, Entrekin SA, Fargione JE, Kiesecker JM, Konschnik KE, Ryan JN, Trainor AM, Saiers JE, Wiseman HJ. Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S. The Science Of The Total Environment 2016, 581: 369-377. PMID: 28043701, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUnconventional wellsHydraulic fracturing fluidsImproved input parametersRate of materialSpill rateExtraction of oilFracturing fluidUnconventional formationsWaste materialsGas spillWell boreUnconventional oilInput parametersSetback regulationsCrude oilUnconventional sourcesMaterialsRelease of chemicalsGasOilWaterSpill data