2022
Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil
Eyre MT, Souza FN, Carvalho-Pereira T, Nery N, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, Khalil H, Wunder EA, Hacker KP, Hagan JE, Childs JE, Reis MG, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Ko AI, Giorgi E, Costa F. Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil. ELife 2022, 11: e73120. PMID: 36111781, PMCID: PMC9560157, DOI: 10.7554/elife.73120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfection riskSignificant global public health burdenCommunity-based cohort studyGlobal public health burdenPublic health burdenAgents of leptospirosisExposure of interestYears of agePublic health interventionsHigh-risk communitiesJoint spatial modellingZoonotic spilloverCohort studyHuman infection riskMale genderSerological evidenceHealth burdenLeptospira infectionLeptospiral infectionInfection rateHealth interventionsEco-epidemiological studiesHealth surveillanceFundação de Amparo à PesquisaOswaldo Cruz Foundation
2001
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2000.
Krebs J, Mondul A, Rupprecht C, Childs J. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2000. Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical Association 2001, 219: 1687-99. PMID: 11767918, DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1687.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCases of rabiesRabid skunksDog/coyote variantGray fox variantGreatest numerical increaseSheep/goatsEnzootic raccoon rabiesRabies casesRaccoon-associated variantEpizootic of rabiesRabies control programRabies virusDomestic speciesRabid raccoonsWild animalsCanine variantConsecutive yearsCattleRabies surveillanceControl programsRabiesRaccoonsRaccoon rabiesDisease controlFourth consecutive yearEvidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City.
Comer J, Diaz T, Vlahov D, Monterroso E, Childs J. Evidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2001, 65: 855-60. PMID: 11791987, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.855.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialBartonellaBartonella InfectionsCohort StudiesCross ReactionsFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectHIV SeropositivityHumansMaleNew York CityPrevalenceRatsRickettsiaRickettsia InfectionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban HealthConceptsInjection drug usersDrug usersGroup rickettsiaeSerum samplesIntravenous drug usersCross-adsorption studiesEast HarlemR. akari infectionPrimary etiologic agentTyphus group rickettsiaeFever group rickettsiaeIDU populationHigh prevalenceEtiologic agentNew York CityRickettsia akariBartonella henselaeAntigenTesting panelsRickettsia typhiB. henselaeBartonella quintanaR. rickettsiiRickettsia infectionR. akariAnalysis of Risk Factors for Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence for Superiority of Tetracyclines for Therapy
Holman R, Paddock C, Curns A, Krebs J, McQuiston J, Childs J. Analysis of Risk Factors for Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence for Superiority of Tetracyclines for Therapy. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2001, 184: 1437-1444. PMID: 11709786, DOI: 10.1086/324372.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsFatal Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverRocky Mountain Spotted FeverOnset of symptomsCase fatality rateTetracycline-class antibioticsPrimary therapyClinical characteristicsOlder patientsAppropriate therapyRMSF casesNonfatal casesNational surveillanceHigh riskSpotted FeverPatientsEffective antibioticsTherapyDeathFeverAntibioticsTreatmentSymptomsFactorsDiseasePersistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato.
Castro M, Nicholson W, Kramer V, Childs J. Persistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2001, 65: 261-7. PMID: 11693866, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.261.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialArachnid VectorsBase SequenceBorrelia burgdorferiCaliforniaDisease ReservoirsDNA, BacterialEhrlichiaEhrlichiosisFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectHeat-Shock ProteinsHumansIxodesMaleMicePolymerase Chain ReactionRatsRodent DiseasesSeasonsSeroepidemiologic StudiesSigmodontinaeZoonosesConceptsPolymerase chain reaction testingGroESL heat shock operonPersistent infectionReaction testingRatsE. phagocytophilaLyme diseaseBorrelia burgdorferiMiceSeropositive animalsDusky-footed wood ratsPCRWood ratsSeroreversionSensu latoSeroconversionSeropositiveBiopsySerologySeroreactivityInfectionDiseaseBloodAdult Ixodes pacificus CooleySerumInfections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Paddock C, Folk S, Shore G, Machado L, Huycke M, Slater L, Liddell A, Buller R, Storch G, Monson T, Rimland D, Sumner J, Singleton J, Bloch K, Tang Y, Standaert S, Childs J. Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 1586-1594. PMID: 11568857, DOI: 10.1086/323981.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusImmunodeficiency virusE. ewingiiE. chaffeensisCases of ehrlichiosisDiagnosis of ehrlichiosisT-lymphocyte countsCells/microL.Ehrlichia ewingiiEhrlichia chaffeensisLife-threatening illnessLymphocyte countClinical courseHIV infectionMedical managementPatient cohortSevere manifestationsPatientsLaboratory evaluationEhrlichiosisChaffeensisInfectionEwingiiMultiple factorsVirusClinical and Serological Follow-Up of Patients with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Slovenia
Lotrič-Furlan S, Avsic-Zupanc T, Petrovec M, Nicholson W, Sumner J, Childs J, Strle F. Clinical and Serological Follow-Up of Patients with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Slovenia. MSphere 2001, 8: 899-903. PMID: 11527800, PMCID: PMC96168, DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.5.899-903.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman granulocytic ehrlichiosisAntibody titersTick biteLong-term clinical consequencesGranulocytic ehrlichiosisIFA antibody titersOnset of feverSerological Follow-UpHigh antibody titersMost time pointsSeronegative patientsSeropositive patientsAdult patientsFebrile illnessPatients 6Initial presentationClinical outcomesAntibody responseClinical evaluationFollow-upReciprocal titersClinical consequencesSerum collectionFirst presentationPatientsProspective Assessment of the Etiology of Acute Febrile Illness after a Tick Bite in Slovenia
Lotrič-Furlan S, Petrovec M, Avsic-Zupanc T, Nicholson W, Sumner J, Childs J, Strle F. Prospective Assessment of the Etiology of Acute Febrile Illness after a Tick Bite in Slovenia. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 503-510. PMID: 11462187, DOI: 10.1086/322586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsBites and StingsBorrelia burgdorferi GroupCohort StudiesEhrlichiaEhrlichia chaffeensisEhrlichiosisEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneEncephalitis, Tick-BorneFemaleFeverHumansLyme DiseaseMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSloveniaTick-Borne DiseasesTicksConceptsFebrile illnessTick biteEhrlichia phagocytophila infectionAcute febrile illnessTickborne diseasesEvidence of infectionBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoMeningeal involvementProspective studyClinical criteriaBurgdorferi sensu latoTickborne encephalitisProspective assessmentPatientsLaboratory evidenceImportant causeBacterial infectionsIllnessLyme borreliosisInfectionDiseaseResidents of SloveniaEtiologyBiteEncephalitisFort Chaffee Revisited: The Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases at a Natural Focus
McCall C, Curns A, Rotz L, Singleton J, Treadwell T, Comer J, Nicholson W, Olson J, Childs J. Fort Chaffee Revisited: The Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases at a Natural Focus. Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Diseases 2001, 1: 119-127. PMID: 12653142, DOI: 10.1089/153036601316977723.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTick-borne pathogensSerum samplesRetrospective cohort studyDetectable antibody titersPrimary risk factorRisk of transmissionFort ChaffeeFever group rickettsiaeCompatible illnessReactive EIAsTick-borne diseaseCohort studyDoxycycline useAntibody titersRisk factorsTick biteEhrlichial diseasesGroup rickettsiaeDiseaseMore pathogensProbable diseaseSeropositivityIllnessEhrlichia speciesInfection
2000
Dual Captures of Colorado Rodents: Implications for Transmission of Hantaviruses - Volume 6, Number 4—August 2000 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Calisher C, Childs J, Sweeney W, Canestrop K, Beaty B. Dual Captures of Colorado Rodents: Implications for Transmission of Hantaviruses - Volume 6, Number 4—August 2000 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2000, 6: 363-369. PMID: 10970147, PMCID: PMC2640883, DOI: 10.3201/eid0604.000406.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIsolation of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating viruses from wild house mice and their biological and molecular characterization
Li K, Schuler T, Chen Z, Glass G, Childs J, Plagemann P. Isolation of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating viruses from wild house mice and their biological and molecular characterization. Virus Research 2000, 67: 153-162. PMID: 10867194, DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00142-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary Isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from Patients with Febrile Illnesses: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics
Standaert S, Yu T, Scott M, Childs J, Paddock C, Nicholson W, Singleton J, Blaser M. Primary Isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from Patients with Febrile Illnesses: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2000, 181: 1082-1088. PMID: 10720534, DOI: 10.1086/315346.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPolymerase chain reactionE. chaffeensisCerebrospinal fluid specimensCultures of bloodHigh diagnostic yieldEhrlichia chaffeensisPrimary isolationFebrile illnessDiagnostic titerBlood isolatesDiagnostic yieldTick exposureSame patientCerebrospinal fluidPatientsFluid specimensDiagnostic testsFrequent isolationBloodChain reactionChaffeensisInfectionMolecular characteristicsMolecular analysisIsolatesSurvey of Rabies Preexposure and Postexposure Prophylaxis among Missionary Personnel Stationed Outside the United States
Arguin P, Krebs J, Mandel E, Guzi T, Childs J. Survey of Rabies Preexposure and Postexposure Prophylaxis among Missionary Personnel Stationed Outside the United States. Journal Of Travel Medicine 2000, 7: 10-14. PMID: 10689232, DOI: 10.2310/7060.2000.00003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRabies immune globulinPreexposure prophylaxisImmune globulinHigh-risk groupAppropriate medical careRabies-endemic countriesRisk of rabiesRabies enzootic areasPostexposure prophylaxisRabies exposureBasic first aidProphylaxisPreventive recommendationsHuman rabiesPresence of rabiesMedical careEffective interventionsRabies riskVaccinePreventive measuresInternational travelersRabiesFirst aidUnited StatesRiskRocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1993-1996.
Treadwell T, Holman R, Clarke M, Krebs J, Paddock C, Childs J. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1993-1996. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2000, 63: 21-6. PMID: 11357990, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.21.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1999
Recommendations of a National Working Group on Prevention and Control of Rabies in the United States. Article III: Rabies in wildlife. National Working Group on Rabies Prevention and Control.
Hanlon C, Childs J, Nettles V, _ _. Recommendations of a National Working Group on Prevention and Control of Rabies in the United States. Article III: Rabies in wildlife. National Working Group on Rabies Prevention and Control. Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical Association 1999, 215: 1612-8. PMID: 14575027, DOI: 10.2460/javma.1999.215.11.1612.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma fuscipes) as Reservoirs of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in Northern California
Nicholson W, Castro M, Kramer V, Sumner J, Childs J. Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma fuscipes) as Reservoirs of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in Northern California. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1999, 37: 3323-3327. PMID: 10488199, PMCID: PMC85556, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.10.3323-3327.1999.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood samplesBlood specimensDusky-footed wood ratsConcurrent high prevalenceSeronegative blood samplesHuman granulocytic ehrlichiosisGroESL heat shock operonGranulocytic ehrlichiaePCR-positive animalsPCR positivityHigh prevalencePCR-positive ticksSeropositive specimensRat blood samplesRatsGranulocytic ehrlichiosisEhrlichial DNAPacificus adultsEhrlichia equiEhrlichial agentsMicePCR assaysAdultsWood ratsRodentsAn outbreak of acute bartonellosis (Oroya fever) in the Urubamba region of Peru, 1998.
Ellis B, Rotz L, Leake J, Samalvides F, Bernable J, Ventura G, Padilla C, Villaseca P, Beati L, Regnery R, Childs J, Olson J, Carrillo C. An outbreak of acute bartonellosis (Oroya fever) in the Urubamba region of Peru, 1998. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 1999, 61: 344-9. PMID: 10463692, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHidden Mortality Attributable to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease
Paddock C, Greer P, Ferebee T, Singleton J, McKechnie D, Treadwell T, Krebs J, Clarke M, Holman R, Olson J, Childs J, Zaki S. Hidden Mortality Attributable to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 179: 1469-1476. PMID: 10228069, DOI: 10.1086/314776.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase fatality ratioDiagnosis of RMSFIHC stainingRocky Mountain Spotted FeverLaboratory-confirmed casesAcute-phase seraTickborne infectionHidden mortalityIgM antibodiesDiagnostic titerPolymerase chain reactionIHC findingsPatient seraSerologic assaysImmunohistochemical stainingSpotted FeverImmunohistochemical detectionFatal diseasePatientsDisease controlIndirect immunofluorescenceNotifiable diseaseDiseaseUnderestimates of mortalityTissue samplesSerologic evidence of rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland.
Comer J, Tzianabos T, Flynn C, Vlahov D, Childs J. Serologic evidence of rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 1999, 60: 894-8. PMID: 10403316, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBaltimoreCohort StudiesCross ReactionsDrinkingFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectHIV SeropositivityHumansIll-Housed PersonsMaleRickettsiaRickettsia InfectionsRickettsia rickettsiiRisk FactorsSeroepidemiologic StudiesSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUrban PopulationConceptsIntravenous drug usersInner-city BaltimoreDrug usersSerologic evidenceSerum samplesAcute febrile illnessR. rickettsiiR. akariHuman immunodeficiency virusSignificant risk factorsSignificant inverse associationCross-adsorption studiesPresence of antibodiesSingle serum sampleR. akari infectionFrequency of injectionsFever group rickettsiaeFebrile illnessUndetermined etiologyImmunodeficiency virusInverse associationRisk factorsGroup-specific antibodiesDrug useHigh titersEXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF COTTON RATS WITH THREE NATURALLY OCCURRING BARTONELLA SPECIES
Kosoy M, Regnery R, Kosaya O, Childs J. EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF COTTON RATS WITH THREE NATURALLY OCCURRING BARTONELLA SPECIES. Journal Of Wildlife Diseases 1999, 35: 275-284. PMID: 10231754, DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-35.2.275.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCotton ratsHigh dosesLow dosesBartonella sppHigh IgG titersHumoral immune responseHigh antibody titersGroups of ratsKinetics of infectionChallenge antigenIgG titersAntibody titersDetectable bacteremiaSecondary challengeImmune responseLow doseHigh doseHigher bacteremiaBacteremiaExperimental infectionSame rodent speciesRatsEvidence of resistanceInactivated bacteriaPeak bacteremia