2005
Injection Drug Use Is an Independent Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women
Dancheck B, Tang A, Thomas A, Smit E, Vlahov D, Semba R. Injection Drug Use Is an Independent Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2005, 40: 198-201. PMID: 16186738, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000165909.12333.07.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyCase-Control StudiesFemaleHIV SeronegativityHIV SeropositivityHumansMiddle AgedSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug useIron deficiency anemiaHepatitis C virus statusFemale injection drug usersC virus statusInjection drug usersDeficiency anemiaDrug useIron deficiencyRisk factorsVirus statusDrug usersMultivariate analysisInjection drug use historyCD4 lymphocyte countHIV-seronegative womenIndependent risk factorHIV-positive womenCross-sectional studyFurther longitudinal studiesNatural history studiesIntravenous Experience (ALIVE) studyDrug use historyHIV-seropositiveLymphocyte count
2004
Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City.
Ompad D, Galea S, Wu Y, Fuller C, Latka M, Koblin B, Vlahov D. Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City. Communicable Disease And Public Health 2004, 7: 294-300. PMID: 15779793.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersVaccine acceptanceHepatitis B vaccination ratesNon-injecting drug usersDaily crack usersPrevious HBV infectionHepatitis B vaccinationB vaccination ratesOngoing prospective studyB vaccinationDaily injectorsHBV testingHBV vaccinationVaccination seriesVaccine acceptorsHBV infectionVaccine seriesPrevious vaccinationRisk behavior questionnaireProspective studyVaccination acceptanceVaccination ratesSerological evidenceSeries completionVaccination
2002
Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users?
Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Jarlais D, Strathdee S, Ouellet L, Kerndt P, E E, Williams I, Garfein R. Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users? Epidemiology 2002, 13: 738-741. PMID: 12410020, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200211000-00023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersAnti-HCV seroconversionHepatitis C virusDrug usersOdds ratioBleach useYoung adult injection drug usersSeronegative injection drug usersMajor public health problemAdult injection drug usersBleach disinfectionHepatitis C infectionProspective cohort studyCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPublic health problemCessation of injectionsC infectionHCV infectionCohort studyC virusProtective effectHealth problemsSeroconversionLogistic regressionRegional variation in CCR5-Δ32 gene distribution among women from the US HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS)
Downer M, Hodge T, Smith D, Qari S, Schuman P, Mayer K, Klein R, Vlahov D, Gardner L, McNicholl J. Regional variation in CCR5-Δ32 gene distribution among women from the US HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Genes & Immunity 2002, 3: 295-298. PMID: 12140749, DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363884.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV Epidemiology Research StudyRace/ethnicityHIV-1HIV Epidemiologic Research StudyAfrican AmericansCCR5-Δ32 genotypeHIV-1 transmissionEpidemiologic research studiesHost genetic factorsHispanic/LatinaBlack/African AmericanUninfected womenAA womenUS womenCCR5-Δ32US populationWhite womenFrequency of heterozygotesWomenGenetic factorsDistributions of heterozygotesRegional variationResearch studiesProspective study of infective endocarditis among injection drug users
Wilson L, Thomas D, Astemborski J, Freedman T, Vlahov D. Prospective study of infective endocarditis among injection drug users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2002, 185: 1761-1766. PMID: 12085322, DOI: 10.1086/340827.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersInfective endocarditisHIV-seronegative injection drug usersDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCohort of IDUsInjection drug use behaviorsCD4 lymphocyte countImmunodeficiency virus infectionCase-control studyDrug use frequencyDrug use behaviorsHIV immunosuppressionLymphocyte countCase patientsHIV statusAlcohol intakeProspective studyInverse associationRisk factorsVirus infectionMultivariate analysisEndocarditisHIVIncidenceHigh-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study
Fuller C, Vlahov D, Ompad D, Shah N, Arria A, Strathdee S. High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2002, 66: 189-198. PMID: 11906806, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00200-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersInjection drug useAge-matched case-control analysisDrug usersDrug useBlood-borne infectionsAge-matched personsCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionCase-control analysisHigh-risk behaviorsNon-injection heroinCharacteristics of personsHIV seroprevalenceCohort studyInjection useAdult drug usersLogistic regressionPrevention effortsSame calendar timeYoung adult drug usersCalendar timePrior yearAfrican AmericansBaseline
2000
HTLV-II and Bacterial Infections Among Injection Drug Users
Safaeian M, Wilson L, Taylor E, Thomas D, Vlahov D. HTLV-II and Bacterial Infections Among Injection Drug Users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000, 24: 483-487. DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200008150-00014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHTLV-II infectionInjection drug usersHTLV-IIBacterial pneumoniaInfective endocarditisOdds ratioBacterial infectionsDrug usersChart reviewConditional logistic regression methodsSelf-reported skinStandardized chart reviewOngoing cohort studyCase-control studyEnzyme-linked immunosorbentCohort studyHIV statusResults PrevalenceSkin abscessesRisk factorsControl studyEndocarditisInfectionImmunofluorescent assayPneumonia
1999
Prevalence and Incidence of HIV Among Incarcerated and Reincarcerated Women in Rhode Island
Rich J, Dickinson B, Macalino G, Flanigan T, Towe C, Spaulding A, Vlahov D. Prevalence and Incidence of HIV Among Incarcerated and Reincarcerated Women in Rhode Island. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1999, 22: 161-166. PMID: 10843530, DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199910010-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelf-reported injection drug useIncidence of HIVInitiation of treatmentInjection drug useCase-control studySeronegative womenRecent temporal trendsHIV testHIV infectionHIV-positiveHIV prevalenceNonwhite raceRisk factorsAnnual prevalenceMandatory HIVHigh riskControl studyDrug useSexual riskHIVWomenPrevalencePrior incarcerationIncidenceIncarcerated womenSex Differences in Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels among Seroconverters
Sterling T, Lyles C, Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Margolick J, Quinn T. Sex Differences in Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels among Seroconverters. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 666-672. PMID: 10438353, DOI: 10.1086/314967.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levelsHIV-1 seroconvertersSex differencesCopies/mLHIV-1 pathogenesisInjection drug usersCase-control studyTime of seroconversionCross-sectional studyCourse of infectionMale patientsRapid progressorsFemale patientsCopies/Drug usersMale controlsVirus levelsPatientsRNA levelsSeroconvertersWomenMenNonprogressorsSeroconversionProgressorsReduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5-delta32 mutation.
Dean M, Jacobson L, McFarlane G, Margolick J, Jenkins F, Howard O, Dong H, Goedert J, Buchbinder S, Gomperts E, Vlahov D, Oppenheim J, O'Brien S, Carrington M. Reduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5-delta32 mutation. Cancer Research 1999, 59: 3561-4. PMID: 10446961.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsB-LymphocytesCase-Control StudiesChemokine CCL5Cohort StudiesGene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHIV-1HumansLymphoma, AIDS-RelatedMalePoint MutationReceptors, CCR5RiskSarcoma, KaposiSequence DeletionTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateWhite PeopleConceptsNon-Hodgkin lymphomaB cellsAIDS lymphomasCCR5 geneRisk of NHLMulticenter AIDS Cohort StudyCCR5 ligand RANTEST-cell declineAIDS Cohort StudyCCR5-Delta32 alleleB-cell lymphomaCase-control analysisCCR5-Delta32 mutationChemokine receptor genesCCR5 chemokine receptor geneTime of infectionLigand RANTESTime AIDSCohort studyOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsCommon malignancyKaposi's sarcomaNHL casesProliferative responseThe effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research.
Klein R, Flanigan T, Schuman P, Smith D, Vlahov D. The effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 1999, 3: 681-8. PMID: 10460100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell countSeronegative womenHigh-risk seronegative womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDelayed-type hypersensitivity testingDegree of immunodeficiencyHIV antibody testingImmunodeficiency virus infectionType hypersensitivity responseEffects of immunodeficiencyUrban medical centerDTH antigensDTH testingHIV seropositivesHIV-seronegativesPPD sizeSeropositive womenLymphocyte countHIV infectionAntibody testingHypersensitivity responseTuberculin antigenCutaneous responseHypersensitivity testingTetanus toxoid
1998
Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS
Farzadegan H, Hoover D, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Margolick J, Markham R, Quinn T, Vlahov D. Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. The Lancet 1998, 352: 1510-1514. PMID: 9820299, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02372-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell countProportional hazards modelBranched-chain DNAViral loadQuantitative microcultureReverse transcriptase-PCRPlasma HIV-1 RNA measurementsCell countHIV-1 RNA measurementsUnivariate proportional hazard modelHIV-1 viral loadSame viral loadViral load associationsVisit 3 yearsHIV-1 loadViral load measurementsAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral treatmentBaseline visitCommunity clinicsObservational studyHIV-1Current recommendationsHigh riskThe role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention.
Vlahov D, Junge B. The role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention. Public Health Reports 1998, 113 Suppl 1: 75-80. PMID: 9722812, PMCID: PMC1307729.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusNeedle exchange programsCase-control studyNeedle exchangeHIV preventionMultiperson useNew Haven's needle exchange programDrug usersDrug useBlood-borne viral infectionsHepatitis C virus infectionSyringe-sharing behaviorsC virus infectionBlood-borne infectionsInjection drug useBlood-borne pathogensPossession of syringesSyringe trackingHCV infectionHepatitis BHIV seroincidenceHIV infectionImmunodeficiency syndromeHIV transmissionImmunodeficiency virus
1996
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Vlahov D, Herskowitz A, Solomon L, Munoz A, Cohn S, Willoughby S, Nelson K. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users. Epidemiology 1996, 7: 566-570. PMID: 8899380, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199611000-00002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-seropositive subjectsImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfective endocarditisDrug usersCD4 cellsOdds ratioVirus infectionHistory of endocarditisRisk of endocarditisHIV-seronegative subjectsInjection drug useInjecting Drug UsersCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionRace/ethnicitySubsequent endocarditisOngoing cohortHIV infectionSerious complicationsHIV serostatusEnrollment dateLast visitCohort enrollmentEndocarditis casesThe Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Farzadegan H, Muñoz A, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Rizzo R, Solomon L, Graham N. The Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 299-308. PMID: 8699059, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progressionLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionTuberculosis infectionSkin testingDisease progressionDrug usersLatent M. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin positive casesTuberculin-negative controlsTuberculin-negative personsCD4 cell countCohort of HIVHIV RNA loadCD4 cell declineM. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin skin testingInjecting Drug UsersBaseline immune functionHIV concentrationHIV RNAActive tuberculosisHIV burdenHIV progressionRNA load
1995
Incidence and Risk Factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II Seroconversion Among Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
Vlahov D, Khabbaz R, Cohn S, Galai N, Taylor E, Kaplan J. Incidence and Risk Factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II Seroconversion Among Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 9: 89-96. PMID: 7712239, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199505010-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsDrug usersEnzyme immunoassayWestern blotHuman T-lymphotropic virusNeedle-sharing practicesRisk factor analysisT-lymphotropic virusMedian lag timeCase-control designALIVE studyRecent serumSeronegative IDUsStudy entryBaseline historyIncidence rateSeroconversionPositive casesSex partnersIDUsHTLVCalendar timeMonthsIncidenceBaselineVitamin A Deficiency and Wasting as Predictors of Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Injection Drug Users
Semba R, Caiaffa W, Graham N, Cohn S, Vlahov D. Vitamin A Deficiency and Wasting as Predictors of Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Injection Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1995, 171: 1196-1202. PMID: 7751694, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.5.1196.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug usersDrug usersPredictors of mortalityLarge prospective cohortBody mass indexHuman immunodeficiency virusCase-control studyPlasma vitamin ACD4 cellsProspective cohortHIV infectionIndependent predictorsMass indexImmunodeficiency virusLast visitRisk factorsHigh riskVitamin AAdult subjectsMortalityInfectionMean lengthWastingVitaminAge, Gender, and Other Predictors of the Wasting Syndrome among HIV-1-Infected Injecting Drug Users
Sorkin J, Boiton P, Greenblatt J, Sithisarankul P, Vlahov D, Graham N. Age, Gender, and Other Predictors of the Wasting Syndrome among HIV-1-Infected Injecting Drug Users. Epidemiology 1995, 6: 172-177. PMID: 7742405, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199503000-00015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersDrug useFemale genderHuman immunodeficiency virus-1CD4 cell levelsCD4 T lymphocytesInjecting Drug UsersCase-control studyPresence of diarrheaImmunodeficiency virus-1Independent predictorsT lymphocytesSyndromeOlder ageWasting syndromeHIVWeight lossVirus 1AgeDiarrheaCrude predictorCohortPredictorsMore yearsLower percentage
1994
Field effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users.
Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Solomon L, Nelson K. Field effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1994, 7: 760-6. PMID: 8207660.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV seroconversionOdds ratioDrug usersNeedle disinfectionPutative protective effectCase-control studyCorresponding odds ratiosSterile injection equipmentDisinfectant useInjection equipmentLimited statistical powerStudy entryHIV seroconvertersResidual confoundingPossible confoundersCocaine injectionProtective effectSeroconversionDrug useUse of disinfectantsBlack heterosexualsPractice variablesField effectivenessSeroconvertersSeronegatives
1993
Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users
Solomon L, Astemborski J, Warren D, Muñoz A, Cohn S, Vlahov D, Nelson K. Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1993, 137: 892-898. PMID: 8484380, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116750.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionDrug usersSeronegative controlsRisk factorsFemale intravenous drug usersMale intravenous drug usersSex-specific risk factorsCurrent intravenous drug useHIV-seronegative controlsIntravenous drug useRisk of seroconversionRisk factor dataCase-control studyAge 18 yearsConditional logistic regression techniquesTime of interviewMore sex partnersSeroconversion statusSeroconversion visitHIV seroconversionHIV infectionStudy entrySexual transmissionSeroconversion