2007
Explaining Racial Disparities in Incidence of and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Galea S, Blaney S, Nandi A, Silverman R, Vlahov D, Foltin G, Kusick M, Tunik M, Richmond N. Explaining Racial Disparities in Incidence of and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2007, 166: 534-543. PMID: 17584756, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-adjusted survivalInitial cardiac rhythmHospital cardiac arrestCardiac arrestCardiac rhythmAge-adjusted relative oddsEthnic disparitiesPrior functional statusProspective observational studyAge-adjusted incidenceEmergency medical services responseLikelihood of receiptFull multivariable modelOOHCA patientsHospital dischargeConsecutive casesFunctional statusCardiopulmonary resuscitationMultivariable modelObservational studyVentricular fibrillationLow prevalenceRelative oddsOOHCARacial disparities
2001
Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective
Strathdee S, Galai N, Safaiean M, Celentano D, Vlahov D, Johnson L, Nelson K. Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective. JAMA Internal Medicine 2001, 161: 1281-1288. PMID: 11371255, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.10.1281.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersIncidence of HIVHIV seroconversionRisk factorsProspective studyDrug usersHigh-risk heterosexual activityHuman immunodeficiency virus interventionsHIV-negative injection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionFemale injection drug usersImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjection drug useDrug-related risksHomosexual activityTime-dependent covariatesHIV testMedian agePerson yearsDaily injectionsNeedle sharingCocaine injectionHIV riskVirus infectionSeroconversion
1999
Pre-AIDS Mortality and Morbidity among Injection Drug Users in Amsterdam and Baltimore: An Ecological Comparison
van Ameijden E, Krol A, Vlahov D, Flynn C, van Haastrecht H, Coutinho R. Pre-AIDS Mortality and Morbidity among Injection Drug Users in Amsterdam and Baltimore: An Ecological Comparison. Substance Use & Misuse 1999, 34: 845-865. PMID: 10227114, DOI: 10.3109/10826089909037245.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAmphetaminesBaltimoreCause of DeathCocaineCohort StudiesComorbidityCost ControlCross-Cultural ComparisonDrug OverdoseEthanolFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHeroinHIV SeropositivityHospitalizationHumansMaleMethadoneNetherlandsRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSuicideSurvival RateUnited StatesConceptsDrug usersHigh-dose methadone maintenanceIncidence of hospitalizationSuicide mortalityEmergency room visitsInjection drug usersDifferent health care systemsHealth care systemHIV seropositivityRoom visitsHospital visitsMethadone maintenancePrimary careRecent injectingRisk factorsAIDS mortalityLower mortalityPolydrug useMortalityCare systemSocietal costsMorbidityVisitsHospitalizationBaltimoreCell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men
Lyles C, Graham N, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Margolick J, Saah A, Farzadegan H. Cell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men. European Journal Of Epidemiology 1999, 15: 99-108. PMID: 10204638, DOI: 10.1023/a:1007556327269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBacterial InfectionsCause of DeathCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHIV-1Homosexuality, MaleHumansImmunocompromised HostLeukocytes, MononuclearMalePredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurvival AnalysisSurvival RateViral LoadViremiaConceptsHIV-1 viral loadViral loadHomosexual menRisk groupsHIV-1Relative hazardDrug usersPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsMicroculture techniqueBlood mononuclear cellsInjection drug usersHIV-1 progressionInitial CD4Clinical progressionMononuclear cellsNegative culturesPredictive valueSurvival analysisBacterial infectionsTotal participantsAIDSProgressionInfectious unitsCells/Death
1998
Genetic Acceleration of AIDS Progression by a Promoter Variant of CCR5
Martin M, Dean M, Smith M, Winkler C, Gerrard B, Michael N, Lee B, Doms R, Margolick J, Buchbinder S, Goedert J, O'Brien T, Hilgartner M, Vlahov D, O'Brien S, Carrington M. Genetic Acceleration of AIDS Progression by a Promoter Variant of CCR5. Science 1998, 282: 1907-1911. PMID: 9836644, DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5395.1907.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAllelesChemokine CXCL12Chemokines, CXCCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionGenes, DominantGenes, RecessiveGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHaplotypesHeterozygoteHIV InfectionsHIV-1HomozygoteHumansPromoter Regions, GeneticProportional Hazards ModelsReceptors, CCR2Receptors, CCR5Receptors, ChemokineReceptors, CytokineRisk FactorsSurvival RateConceptsAIDS progressionCell-surface chemokine receptor moleculeCCR5 regulatory regionsChemokine receptor moleculesPercent of patientsAIDS disease progressionHIV-1 infectionCohort of peopleMacrophage-tropic strainsAIDS restriction genesDistinct regulatory influencesCCR2-64IPrincipal coreceptorImmunodeficiency syndromeCCR5-Delta32Genetic epidemiologic analysisDisease progressionHuman immunodeficiencySDF1-3'APromoter genotypeCCR5 geneInfected individualsEpidemiologic analysisHost factorsProgressionSex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS
Farzadegan H, Hoover D, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Margolick J, Markham R, Quinn T, Vlahov D. Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. The Lancet 1998, 352: 1510-1514. PMID: 9820299, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02372-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell countProportional hazards modelBranched-chain DNAViral loadQuantitative microcultureReverse transcriptase-PCRPlasma HIV-1 RNA measurementsCell countHIV-1 RNA measurementsUnivariate proportional hazard modelHIV-1 viral loadSame viral loadViral load associationsVisit 3 yearsHIV-1 loadViral load measurementsAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral treatmentBaseline visitCommunity clinicsObservational studyHIV-1Current recommendationsHigh risk
1994
Maturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users
Alcabes P, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Friedland G. Maturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users. Annals Of Epidemiology 1994, 4: 17-26. PMID: 7911376, DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)90038-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeBaltimoreCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsHIV InfectionsHIV SeroprevalenceHomosexualityHumansIncidenceLeukocyte CountLife TablesMaleModels, StatisticalNew York CityPlatelet CountRegression AnalysisSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurvival RateTime FactorsConceptsHIV infectionDrug usersImmunodeficiency syndromeMedian timeCombined cohortHomosexual menHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemicPercent of CD4Immunodeficiency virus infectionIncident HIV infectionProduct-limit methodMarkers of maturityHIV incubation distributionsPlatelet countVirus infectionLarge cohortSeroconversionCohortInfectionConfidence intervalsIncubation distributionAIDSVirus epidemicPopulation groups