Effect of Chronic Substance Abuse on the Neuropsychological Performance of Intravenous Drug Users with a High Prevalence of HIV-1 Seropositivity
Concha M, Graham N, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Royal W, Updike M, Nance-Sproson T, Seines O, McArthur J. Effect of Chronic Substance Abuse on the Neuropsychological Performance of Intravenous Drug Users with a High Prevalence of HIV-1 Seropositivity. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1992, 136: 1338-1348. PMID: 1362630, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116446.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsBaltimoreBlack or African AmericanCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesChronic DiseaseCognition DisordersConfounding Factors, EpidemiologicEducational StatusEmploymentEvaluation Studies as TopicFemaleHIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHIV-1HumansLeukocyte CountLinear ModelsMaleMass ScreeningNeuropsychological TestsPopulation SurveillancePredictive Value of TestsPrisonsPsychomotor PerformanceSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsNeuropsychological test performanceHIV-1 seropositivityIntravenous drug usersTest performanceNeuropsychological performancePractice effectsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionDrug usersVirus type 1 infectionSubstance abuseSignificant practice effectsHIV-1 serostatusType 1 infectionIntravenous Experience (ALIVE) studyFrequency of drugChronic substance abuseNeuropsychological functioningCognitive performanceImmunodeficiency syndromeAsymptomatic stageHigh prevalenceOutcome measuresDrug useIntoxicated individualsMultivariate analysisPrevalence of Tuberculin Positivity and Skin Test Anergy in HIV-1—Seropositive and —Seronegative Intravenous Drug Users
Graham N, Nelson K, Solomon L, Bonds M, Rizzo R, Scavotto J, Astemborski J, Vlahov D. Prevalence of Tuberculin Positivity and Skin Test Anergy in HIV-1—Seropositive and —Seronegative Intravenous Drug Users. JAMA 1992, 267: 369-373. PMID: 1727959, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1992.03480030047035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositivesSkin test anergyHIV-1 seropositive groupSeronegative intravenous drug usersTuberculin positivityLymphocyte countPPD positivityHIV-1-seropositive intravenous drug usersPPD tuberculinDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus serostatusSeropositive intravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositive patientsTuberculin skin test resultsHIV-1 seronegativeHIV-1 seronegativesPPD test resultsHIV-1 seropositivityDelayed-type hypersensitivityCommunity-based cohortSkin test resultsYears of agePositive test resultsInverse linear trendCorrelates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: are treatment‐program samples misleading?
ALCABES P, VLAHOV D, ANTHONY J. Correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: are treatment‐program samples misleading? Addiction 1992, 87: 47-54. PMID: 1311973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01899.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositivityDrug usersTreatment programHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-1 seroprevalenceImmunodeficiency virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug use characteristicsCommunity-based sampleDrug use behaviorsImmunodeficiency virusPossible selection biasRisk factorsVirus infectionType 1SeropositivityTreatmentCommunity service agenciesConfidential interviewsSelection biasSubjectsUse behaviorsExtensive distributionCorrelates