2019
Aging Induces an Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Expansion of Adipose B Cells That Impairs Metabolic Homeostasis
Camell CD, Günther P, Lee A, Goldberg EL, Spadaro O, Youm YH, Bartke A, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Ruddle NH, Schultze J, Dixit VD. Aging Induces an Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Expansion of Adipose B Cells That Impairs Metabolic Homeostasis. Cell Metabolism 2019, 30: 1024-1039.e6. PMID: 31735593, PMCID: PMC6944439, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-associated B cellsFat-associated lymphoid clustersB cellsAdipose tissue leukocytesB-cell depletionB cell accumulationBody temperature maintenanceFALC formationVisceral adiposityCell depletionNLRP3 inflammasomeFemale miceLymphoid clustersMetabolic dysfunctionIL-1Metabolic impairmentIL-1RTissue leukocytesCell accumulationMetabolic homeostasisUnique populationLipolysisCellsTemperature maintenanceAdiposity
2016
Dendritic cells maintain dermal adipose–derived stromal cells in skin fibrosis
Chia JJ, Zhu T, Chyou S, Dasoveanu DC, Carballo C, Tian S, Magro CM, Rodeo S, Spiera RF, Ruddle NH, McGraw TE, Browning JL, Lafyatis R, Gordon JK, Lu TT. Dendritic cells maintain dermal adipose–derived stromal cells in skin fibrosis. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2016, 126: 4331-4345. PMID: 27721238, PMCID: PMC5096920, DOI: 10.1172/jci85740.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cellsDendritic cellsSkin fibrosisDermal white adipose tissueFibrotic skinAdipose tissueStromal cellsMesenchymal stromal cell therapyScleroderma skin fibrosisStromal cell therapyWhite adipose tissueAdipose-derived stromal cellsMesenchymal stromal cellsΒ expressionMurine modelEffective treatmentFibrosisΒ1-integrin pathwayReparative functionsCell therapySclerodermaSkin functionIntegrin pathwaySurvivalAtrophyThe lymphotoxin β receptor is a potential therapeutic target in renal inflammation
Seleznik G, Seeger H, Bauer J, Fu K, Czerkowicz J, Papandile A, Poreci U, Rabah D, Ranger A, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer M, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Anders HJ, Lech M, Wüthrich RP, Ruddle NH, Moeller MJ, Kozakowski N, Regele H, Browning JL, Heikenwalder M, Segerer S. The lymphotoxin β receptor is a potential therapeutic target in renal inflammation. Kidney International 2016, 89: 113-126. PMID: 26398497, DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.280.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnimalsCell LineChemokinesDisease Models, AnimalEpithelial CellsFemaleGlomerulonephritis, IGAHumansImmunoglobulinsKidney GlomerulusKidney TubulesLigandsLupus NephritisLymphocytesLymphotoxin beta ReceptorLymphotoxin-alphaLymphotoxin-betaMaleMesangial CellsMiceMiddle AgedRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionTranscriptomeConceptsTubular epithelial cellsParietal epithelial cellsEpithelial cellsRenal injuryLTβR signalingTherapeutic targetGlomerular immune complex depositionLymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signalingImproved renal functionSerum autoantibody titersHuman tubular epithelial cellsImmune complex depositionMurine lupus modelsProgressive kidney diseaseSuitable therapeutic targetPreclinical mouse modelsDifferent renal compartmentsPotential therapeutic targetΒ Receptor SignalingLymphotoxin β receptorAutoantibody titersRenal inflammationLupus modelsRenal functionRenal biopsy
2012
Tertiary lymphoid organ development coincides with determinant spreading of the myelin-specific T cell response
Kuerten S, Schickel A, Kerkloh C, Recks MS, Addicks K, Ruddle NH, Lehmann PV. Tertiary lymphoid organ development coincides with determinant spreading of the myelin-specific T cell response. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 124: 861-873. PMID: 22842876, DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1023-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTertiary lymphoid organsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMyelin-specific T cell responseCentral nervous systemB cell aggregatesT cell responsesMultiple sclerosisB cell aggregationDeterminant spreadingB cellsCell responsesActive immune responseMyelin basic proteinLymphoid neogenesisAutoimmune encephalomyelitisMS patientsAggressive diseaseAutoimmune pathologyPatient populationLymphoid organsDisease onsetDisease progressionT cellsImmune responsePathogenic contribution
2011
Resident B cells regulate thymic expression of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Akirav EM, Xu Y, Ruddle NH. Resident B cells regulate thymic expression of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Journal Of Neuroimmunology 2011, 235: 33-39. PMID: 21550671, PMCID: PMC3157307, DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.03.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB cellsB cell-deficient μMT miceMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinResident B cellsThymic B cellsCortico-medullary junctionMinor cell populationProduction of LTInsulin mRNA expressionΜMT miceEpithelial cell numberOligodendrocyte glycoproteinThymic expressionAntigen expressionMRNA expressionNormal tissuesCell populationsCell numberCellsExpressionLtUnexpected roleBiological roleLymphotoxinMice
2010
Focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and intraspinal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor
Sasaki M, Lankford KL, Brown RJ, Ruddle NH, Kocsis JD. Focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and intraspinal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor. Glia 2010, 58: 1523-1531. PMID: 20645414, DOI: 10.1002/glia.21026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAntibodiesBlood-Brain BarrierCD3 ComplexDisease Models, AnimalEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleFreund's AdjuvantInjections, SpinalLipidsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinRatsRats, Inbred LewSpinal CordTime FactorsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinVascular endothelial growth factorExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisIncomplete Freund's adjuvantBlood-brain barrierInflammatory demyelinating lesionsLewis ratsEndothelial growth factorDemyelinating lesionsEAE modelAutoimmune encephalomyelitisFreund's adjuvantIntraspinal injectionOligodendrocyte glycoproteinRecombinant rat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinCentral nervous system locationsGrowth factorSensitized T cellsFocal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisRat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinSite of injectionMyelin-forming cellsMOG immunizationExtensive demyelinationLymphocyte infiltration
2009
Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by mouse, but not rat, antigens
Akirav EM, Bergman CM, Hill M, Ruddle NH. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by mouse, but not rat, antigens. Journal Of Neuroscience Research 2009, 87: 3511-3519. PMID: 19125411, PMCID: PMC4429897, DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21981.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigensAutoantigensAutoimmunityBiomarkersCD4 AntigensCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCells, CulturedCentral Nervous SystemChemotaxis, LeukocyteDisease Models, AnimalEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFemaleInterferon-gammaInterleukin-10Interleukin-17Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMultiple SclerosisMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinRatsT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryConceptsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinAutoimmune encephalomyelitisT cellsIL-10-producing cellsRegulatory T cellsTissue-restricted antigensCentral nervous systemField of autoimmunityT cell activationTreg depletionEAE severitySelf antigensOligodendrocyte glycoproteinForeign antigensExperimental diseaseNervous systemRelated antigensMiceSelf-antigen specificityAntigenTregsEncephalomyelitisAutoimmunityRats
2007
Dynamic Imaging of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes Using a Bimodal Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent
Mounzer R, Shkarin P, Papademetris X, Constable T, Ruddle NH, Fahmy TM. Dynamic Imaging of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes Using a Bimodal Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent. Lymphatic Research And Biology 2007, 5: 151-158. PMID: 18035933, DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2007.5302.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTertiary Lymphoid Tissues Generate Effector and Memory T Cells That Lead to Allograft Rejection
Nasr IW, Reel M, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Mounzer RH, Baddoura FK, Ruddle NH, Lakkis FG. Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues Generate Effector and Memory T Cells That Lead to Allograft Rejection. American Journal Of Transplantation 2007, 7: 1071-1079. PMID: 17359505, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01756.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTertiary lymphoid tissueWild-type allograftsMemory T cellsSecondary lymphoid organsLymphoid tissueT cellsLymphoid organsRejection processPrimary alloimmune responsesSyngeneic graft recipientsMemory immune responsesNaïve T cell activationTertiary lymphoid structuresNaive T cellsT cell activationMurine transplantation modelChronic rejectionAllograft rejectionGraft recipientsAlloimmune responseLymphoid structuresChronic inflammationSkin allograftsNaïve lymphocytesTransplantation model
2006
Lymphoid organ development: from ontogeny to neogenesis
Drayton DL, Liao S, Mounzer RH, Ruddle NH. Lymphoid organ development: from ontogeny to neogenesis. Nature Immunology 2006, 7: 344-353. PMID: 16550197, DOI: 10.1038/ni1330.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBronchial-associated lymphoid tissueTertiary lymphoid organsSecondary lymphoid organsLymphoid organsLymphoid tissueNasal-associated lymphoid tissueSpecific developmentalCellular accumulationLymphoid neogenesisLymph nodesChronic inflammationPeyer's patchesAnatomic locationOntogenyEnvironmental influencesOrgansTissue
2004
MAdCAM-1 Expressing Sacral Lymph Node in the Lymphotoxin β-Deficient Mouse Provides a Site for Immune Generation Following Vaginal Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Infection
Soderberg KA, Linehan MM, Ruddle NH, Iwasaki A. MAdCAM-1 Expressing Sacral Lymph Node in the Lymphotoxin β-Deficient Mouse Provides a Site for Immune Generation Following Vaginal Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Infection. The Journal Of Immunology 2004, 173: 1908-1913. PMID: 15265924, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1908.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Adhesion MoleculesDendritic CellsFemaleHerpes GenitalisHerpesvirus 2, HumanImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulinsLymph NodesLymphocyte ActivationLymphotoxin-alphaLymphotoxin-betaMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMucoproteinsSacrococcygeal RegionSplenectomyT-Cell Antigen Receptor SpecificityTh1 CellsVaginitisConceptsBeta-deficient miceSacral lymph nodesLymph nodesMesenteric lymph nodesWild-type miceGenital mucosaHerpes simplex virus 2 infectionIntravaginal HSV-2 infectionLT alpha-deficient miceMucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1Simplex virus 2 infectionCell adhesion molecule-1Mucosal lymph nodesAlpha-deficient miceCervical lymph nodesHSV-2 infectionVirus 2 infectionHSV type 2Potent immune responsesAdhesion molecule-1Intravaginal infectionTh1 responseDendritic cellsIgG responsesIliac artery
2003
Rat and Human Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoproteins Induce Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Different Mechanisms in C57BL/6 Mice
Oliver AR, Lyon GM, Ruddle NH. Rat and Human Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoproteins Induce Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Different Mechanisms in C57BL/6 Mice. The Journal Of Immunology 2003, 171: 462-468. PMID: 12817031, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.462.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntigen PresentationAutoantibodiesB-LymphocytesCell MovementDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFemaleGlycoproteinsHumansImmunoglobulin GInjections, IntramuscularInterferon-gammaInterleukin-13MiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Mutant StrainsMolecular Sequence DataMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinPeptide FragmentsRatsSpecies SpecificitySpinal CordConceptsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinRat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinHuman myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinMOG 35C57BL/6 miceMOG proteinAutoimmune encephalomyelitisOligodendrocyte glycoproteinB cellsCell responsesEncephalitogenic T cell responsesB cell-deficient miceB cell dependenceCell-deficient miceT cell responsesB cell responsesDifferent pathogenic mechanismsCNS infiltratesIL-13T cellsSpleen cellsIFN-gammaIgG subclassesAg presentation
2001
Resident and Infiltrating Central Nervous System APCs Regulate the Emergence and Resolution of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Juedes A, Ruddle N. Resident and Infiltrating Central Nervous System APCs Regulate the Emergence and Resolution of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. The Journal Of Immunology 2001, 166: 5168-5175. PMID: 11290800, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5168.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntigen PresentationAntigen-Presenting CellsB7-1 AntigenBrainCell LineCell MovementDown-RegulationEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFemaleGrowth InhibitorsHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHistocompatibility Antigens Class IILymphocyte ActivationMacromolecular SubstancesMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicrogliaMolecular Sequence DataMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinNitric OxideSpinal CordT-LymphocytesConceptsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisT cell proliferationT cellsT cell linesCNS APCCNS APCsAutoimmune encephalomyelitisMHC-IITarget organsInducible NO synthase-deficient miceT cell cytokine productionTh1 T cellsAutoreactive T cellsCell cytokine productionIFN-gamma productionB7-1 expressionSynthase-deficient miceCell proliferationMac-1 cellsCell linesInitiation of diseaseProduction of NOResident microgliaMyelin oligodendrocyteCytokine production
2000
Lymphoid Tissue Homing Chemokines Are Expressed in Chronic Inflammation
Hjelmström P, Fjell J, Nakagawa T, Sacca R, Cuff C, Ruddle N. Lymphoid Tissue Homing Chemokines Are Expressed in Chronic Inflammation. American Journal Of Pathology 2000, 156: 1133-1138. PMID: 10751336, PMCID: PMC1876894, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64981-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, CDChemokine CCL21Chemokine CXCL13Chemokines, CCChemokines, CXCChronic DiseaseFemaleInflammationLymphotoxin-alphaLymphotoxin-betaMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred NODMice, TransgenicPancreasPancreatitisProtein IsoformsReceptors, Tumor Necrosis FactorReceptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type IRNA, MessengerConceptsSecondary lymphoid tissue chemokineB lymphocyte chemoattractantExpression of SLCChronic inflammationLymphoid organsPrediabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) micePrediabetic NOD miceLymphoid tissue chemokineNonobese diabetic (NOD) miceChronic inflammatory diseaseSecondary lymphoid organsTrafficking of lymphocytesTumor necrosis factor receptor 1Necrosis factor receptor 1Factor receptor 1Homing ChemokinesLymphocyte chemoattractantLymphoid neogenesisNOD miceDendritic cellsDiabetic miceInflammatory diseasesInflammatory processLymphoid tissueInflamed tissuesKinetics and Cellular Origin of Cytokines in the Central Nervous System: Insight into Mechanisms of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Juedes A, Hjelmström P, Bergman C, Neild A, Ruddle N. Kinetics and Cellular Origin of Cytokines in the Central Nervous System: Insight into Mechanisms of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. The Journal Of Immunology 2000, 164: 419-426. PMID: 10605038, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.419.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCentral Nervous SystemChemokinesCytokinesEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFemaleImmunophenotypingInflammation MediatorsInjections, SubcutaneousInterferon-gammaKineticsLymphocyte ActivationMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrogliaMolecular Sequence DataMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinSpleenTh1 CellsTh2 CellsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaConceptsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisAutoimmune encephalomyelitisOligodendrocyte glycoproteinTNF-alphaT cellsDay 7IFN-inducible protein-10TNF-alpha-producing cellsMonocyte chemotactic protein-1MOG35-55 peptideChronic clinical courseAnti-inflammatory cytokinesCD4 T cellsCourse of diseaseChemotactic protein-1Sensitive single-cell assayCellular originTNF-alpha productionRecruitment of macrophagesCentral nervous systemMOG35-55Clinical courseTh1 cytokinesTh2 cytokines
1997
Distinct Roles in Lymphoid Organogenesis for Lymphotoxins α and β Revealed in Lymphotoxin β–Deficient Mice
Koni P, Sacca R, Lawton P, Browning J, Ruddle N, Flavell R. Distinct Roles in Lymphoid Organogenesis for Lymphotoxins α and β Revealed in Lymphotoxin β–Deficient Mice. Immunity 1997, 6: 491-500. PMID: 9133428, DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80292-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMesenteric lymph nodesLT alpha-deficient miceAlpha-deficient miceFollicular dendritic cellsBeta-deficient miceLymph nodesDendritic cellsDeficient miceLymphoid organogenesisTumor necrosis factor receptor type ILTbeta-deficient micePeripheral lymph nodesReceptor type ISplenic germinal centersLymphotoxin βPeyer's patchesGerminal centersLymphotoxin alphaLT-alphaLT alpha3Lymphotoxin αMiceUnidentified receptorType IAlphaLYMPHOTOXIN-β AND TNF REGULATION IN T CELL SUBSETS: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PGE2
Ferreri N, Millet I, Askari B, Magnani P, Ruddle N. LYMPHOTOXIN-β AND TNF REGULATION IN T CELL SUBSETS: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PGE2. Cytokine 1997, 9: 157-165. PMID: 9126704, DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1996.0150.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cell subsetsTumor necrosis factor alphaCell subsetsTNF mRNA accumulationProstaglandin E2Th2 cellsLT-betaCytokine productionTh1 cellsIL-3Effect of PGE2IL-4 mRNANecrosis factor alphaTh2 T cell clonesT cell clonesTh2 T cellsLT-beta mRNAOnly cytokineIL-4Factor alphaT cellsTNF regulationImmune responseInterleukin-4Lymphotoxin beta
1996
Leishmania‐infected macrophages sequester endogenously synthesized parasite antigens from presentation to CD4+ T cells
Kima P, Soong L, Chicharro C, Ruddle N, McMahon‐Pratt D. Leishmania‐infected macrophages sequester endogenously synthesized parasite antigens from presentation to CD4+ T cells. European Journal Of Immunology 1996, 26: 3163-3169. PMID: 8977318, DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830261249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cellsAntigen presentationParasite antigensMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II moleculesMHC class II pathwayActivation of CD4Peritoneal exudate cellsClass II pathwayClass II moleculesHost immune systemCell linesT cell linesAmastigote antigensLeishmania antigenAntigen sequestrationLeishmania amastigotesMacrophage cell lineExudate cellsCD4Immune systemLive parasitesParasite moleculesAntigenMacrophagesInfected cells
1994
Abnormal Development of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs in Mice Deficient in Lymphotoxin
De Togni P, Goellner J, Ruddle N, Streeter P, Fick A, Mariathasan S, Smith S, Carlson R, Shornick L, Strauss-Schoenberger J, Russell J, Karr R, Chaplin D. Abnormal Development of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs in Mice Deficient in Lymphotoxin. Science 1994, 264: 703-707. PMID: 8171322, DOI: 10.1126/science.8171322.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral lymphoid organsPeripheral bloodLymphoid organsT cellsDetectable lymph nodesT cell subsetsLymph nodesCD4-CD8Cell subsetsPeyer's patchesMice DeficientImmunoglobulin MWhite pulpLymphotoxinLytic functionNormal ratioAbnormal developmentSpleenStem cellsBloodNormal developmentOrgansCellsLymphocytesThymus
1993
T Helper 1 (TH1) Functional Phenotype of Human Myelin Basic Protein-Specific T Lymphocytes
Voskuhl R, Martin R, Bergman C, Dalal M, Ruddle N, Mcfarland H. T Helper 1 (TH1) Functional Phenotype of Human Myelin Basic Protein-Specific T Lymphocytes. Autoimmunity 1993, 15: 137-143. PMID: 7692995, DOI: 10.3109/08916939309043888.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExperimental allergic encephalomyelitisMyelin basic proteinMultiple sclerosisT cell linesT cellsMyelin basic protein-specific T lymphocytesMBP-specific T cell linesMurine experimental allergic encephalomyelitisMBP-specific T cellsAntigen-specific cytotoxic activityFunctional phenotypeEncephalitogenic T cellsHuman T cell lineCell linesTh1 subtypeCandidate autoantigenAllergic encephalomyelitisAutoimmune diseasesInflammatory cellsTumor necrosisT lymphocytesInterleukin-4Animal modelsImmunodominant regionCurrent report