Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Vos T, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abdulkader R, Abdulle A, Abebo T, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad L, Ackerman I, Adamu A, Adetokunboh O, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal S, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Aichour M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene K, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Maskari F, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi K, Amare A, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Andersen H, Antonio C, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Assadi R, Atey T, Atnafu N, Atre S, Avila-Burgos L, Avokphako E, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Bannick M, Barac A, Barber R, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Basu S, Battista B, Battle K, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bell M, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beuran M, Beyene A, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Bhutta Z, Biadgilign S, Bicer B, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu H, Boneya D, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brazinova A, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Bulto L, Bumgarner B, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Car M, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Carter A, Carvalho F, Casey D, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castle C, Catalá-López F, Chang H, Chang J, Charlson F, Chen H, Chibalabala M, Chibueze C, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Criqui M, Crump J, Dadi A, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, Neves J, Davitoiu D, de Courten B, De De Leo D, Defo B, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Dicker D, Ding E, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Dorsey E, dos Santos K, Douwes-Schultz D, Doyle K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Duncan B, El-Khatib Z, Ellerstrand J, Enayati A, Endries A, Ermakov S, Erskine H, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel F, Farinha C, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazeli M, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Feyissa T, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Flor L, Foigt N, Foreman K, Franklin R, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Futran N, Gakidou E, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot T, Geleto A, Gemechu B, Gesesew H, Gething P, Ghajar A, Gibney K, Gill P, Gillum R, Ginawi I, Giref A, Gishu M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Gold A, Goldberg E, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Goto A, Goulart A, Griswold M, Gugnani H, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu G, Hailu A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Handal A, Hankey G, Hanson S, Hao Y, Harb H, Hareri H, Haro J, Harvey J, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay S, Hay R, Henry N, Heredia-Pi I, Hernandez J, Heydarpour P, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Htet A, Hu G, Huang H, Huynh C, Iburg K, Igumbor E, Ikeda C, Irvine C, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jassal S, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jiang G, John D, Johnson S, Johnson C, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Kan H, Karam N, Karch A, Karema C, Kasaeian A, Kassa G, Kassaw N, Kassebaum N, Kastor A, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kengne A, Keren A, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kim Y, Kim D, Kim P, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimaki M, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishnaswami S, Krohn K, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kyu H, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Larsson A, Lavados P, Leasher J, Lee P, Lee J, Leigh J, Leshargie C, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Kappe D, Liang X, Liben M, Lim S, Linn S, Liu P, Liu A, Liu S, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, London S, Looker K, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Low N, Lozano R, Lucas T, Macarayan E, Razek H, Razek M, Mahdavi, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manguerra H, Manhertz T, Mantilla A, Mantovani L, Mapoma C, Marczak L, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, März W, Mathur M, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath J, McKee M, McNellan C, Mehata S, Mehndiratta M, Mekonnen T, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistie M, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Micha R, Millear A, Miller T, Mills E, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mitchell P, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed K, Mohammed S, Mohanty S, Mokdad A, Mollenkopf S, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Mori R, Morozoff C, Morrison S, Moses M, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts K, Mueller U, Muller K, Murdoch M, Murthy G, Musa K, Nachega J, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo K, Naldi L, Nangia V, Natarajan G, Negasa D, Negoi R, Negoi I, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen T, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen C, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nolte S, Nong V, Norrving B, Noubiap J, O'Donnell M, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju T, Olagunju A, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Osman M, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pana A, Panda B, Papachristou C, Park E, Parry C, Parsaeian M, Patten S, Patton G, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Peterson C, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pigott D, Pillay J, Pinho C, Plass D, Pletcher M, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad N, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quansah R, Quintanilla B, Rabiee R, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Rankin Z, Rao P, Rao P, Rawaf S, Ray S, Reiner R, Reinig N, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Ribeiro A, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago G, Saadat S, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Salama J, Saleem H, Salomon J, Salvi S, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santomauro D, Santos I, Santos J, Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schöttker B, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Setegn T, Shackelford K, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Shamsipour M, Islam M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shi P, Shields C, Shifa G, Shigematsu M, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shirude S, Shishani K, Shrime M, Sibai A, Sigfusdottir I, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Singh N, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Slepak E, Sligar A, Smith D, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobngwi E, Sorensen R, Sousa T, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stanaway J, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein M, Stein D, Steiner T, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes M, Stovner L, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan M, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Sylte D, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Taffere G, Takala J, Tandon N, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Taylor H, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Terkawi A, Tesfaye D, Tesssema B, Thamsuwan O, Thomas K, Thrift A, Tiruye T, Tobe-Gai R, Tollanes M, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada M, Touvier M, Tran B, Tripathi S, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tuem K, Tuzcu E, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uneke C, Updike R, Uthman O, Uzochukwu B, van Boven J, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venkatesh S, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Wadilo F, Wakayo T, Wang Y, Weaver M, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Woodbrook R, Woolf A, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yan L, Yano Y, Ye P, Yimam H, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zegeye E, Zenebe Z, Zhang X, Zhou M, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zuhlke L, Murray C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1211-1259. PMID: 28919117, PMCID: PMC5605509, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolCommunicable DiseasesDisabled PersonsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedNoncommunicable DiseasesPrevalenceSex DistributionWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultConceptsAge-standardised YLD ratesAge-standardised ratesIron deficiency anemiaYLD ratesMajor depressive disorderSocio-demographic IndexGlobal burdenDepressive disorderNational InstituteTransparent Health Estimates ReportingBayesian meta-regression toolRisk Factors Study 2016Death rateCauses of YLDsDisMod-MR 2.1Highest age-standardised rateDisease Study 2016Low back painNon-communicable diseasesNon-fatal outcomesTrends of diseaseSubstance use disordersHealth system responseNon-fatal consequencesProduct of prevalenceGlobal, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Wang H, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abera S, Abraha H, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Adedeji I, Adedoyin R, Adetifa I, Adetokunboh O, Afshin A, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Kiadaliri A, Ahmed M, Aichour M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akanda A, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alabed S, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alasfoor D, Aldridge R, Alene K, Al-Eyadhy A, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Aljunid S, Alkaabi J, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allam S, Allebeck P, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Ameh E, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Anber N, Andrei C, Androudi S, Ansari H, Ansha M, Antonio C, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Arora M, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Asghar R, Assadi R, Assaye A, Atey T, Atre S, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Babalola T, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Balalla S, Barac A, Barber R, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bell M, Bello A, Bennett D, Bennett J, Bensenor I, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Beuran M, Beyene A, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhaumik S, Bhutta Z, Bicer B, Bidgoli H, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu H, Bjerregaard P, Blosser C, Boneya D, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Brugha T, Bukhman G, Bulto L, Bumgarner B, Burch M, Butt Z, Cahill L, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato I, Car J, Car M, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Carter A, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Castro R, Catalá-López F, Chen H, Chiang P, Chibalabala M, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Choi J, Christensen H, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Cohen A, Colquhoun S, Coresh J, Criqui M, Cromwell E, Crump J, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan P, Neves J, Davey G, Davitoiu D, Davletov K, de Courten B, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deribew A, Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dherani M, Diaz-Torné C, Ding E, Dixit P, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Doku D, Donnelly C, dos Santos K, Douwes-Schultz D, Driscoll T, Duan L, Dubey M, Duncan B, Dwivedi L, Ebrahimi H, Bcheraoui C, Ellingsen C, Enayati A, Endries A, Ermakov S, Eshetie S, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel F, Faro A, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Fernandes J, Feyissa T, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt N, Foreman K, Frank T, Franklin R, Fraser M, Friedman J, Frostad J, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Futran N, Gakidou E, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Gankpé F, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebregergs G, Gebrehiwot T, Gebrekidan K, Gebremichael M, Gelaye A, Geleijnse J, Gemechu B, Gemechu K, Genova-Maleras R, Gesesew H, Gething P, Gibney K, Gill P, Gillum R, Giref A, Girma B, Giussani G, Goenka S, Gomez B, Gona P, Gopalani S, Goulart A, Graetz N, Gugnani H, Gupta P, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Haagsma J, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hakuzimana A, Halasa Y, Hamadeh R, Hambisa M, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Hancock J, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Hareri H, Harikrishnan S, Haro J, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Hay S, He F, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Hilawe E, Hoek H, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Htet A, Hu G, Huang J, Huang H, Iburg K, Igumbor E, Ileanu B, Inoue M, Irenso A, Irvine C, Islam M, Islam N, Jacobsen K, Jaenisch T, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jin Y, John D, John O, Johnson S, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalkonde Y, Kamal R, Kan H, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi S, Karthikeyan G, Kasaeian A, Kassaw N, Kassebaum N, Kastor A, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Keiyoro P, Kelbore S, Kemp A, Kengne A, Keren A, Kereselidze M, Kesavachandran C, Ketema E, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan E, Khan G, Khang Y, Khera S, Khoja A, Khosravi M, Kibret G, Kieling C, Kim Y, Kim C, Kim D, Kim P, Kim S, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kishawi S, Kissoon N, Kivimaki M, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krohn K, Defo B, Kuipers E, Kulikoff X, Kulkarni V, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kumsa F, Kutz M, Lachat C, Lagat A, Lager A, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larson H, Larsson A, Laryea D, Lavados P, Laxmaiah A, Lee P, Leigh J, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Liao Y, Liben M, Lim S, Linn S, Lipshultz S, Liu S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lorch S, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Ma S, Macarayan E, Machado I, Mackay M, Razek M, Magis-Rodriguez C, Mahdavi, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mantovani L, Manyazewal T, Mapoma C, Marczak L, Marks G, Martin E, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Massano J, Maulik P, Mayosi B, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey S, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehata S, Mehndiratta M, Mehta K, Meier T, Mekonnen T, Meles K, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengesha M, Mengistie M, Mengistu D, Menon G, Menota B, Mensah G, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Micha R, Mikesell J, Miller T, Mills E, Minnig S, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed K, Mohammed S, Mohan M, Mohanty S, Mokdad A, Mollenkopf S, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Montico M, Mooney M, Moore A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mori R, Morrison S, Mruts K, Mueller U, Mullany E, Muller K, Murthy G, Murthy S, Musa K, Nachega J, Nagata C, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naidoo K, Nanda L, Nangia V, Nascimento B, Natarajan G, Negoi I, Nguyen C, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Nguyen G, Ningrum D, Nisar M, Nomura M, Nong V, Norheim O, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nyakarahuka L, O'Donnell M, Obermeyer C, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Ota E, Owolabi M, Oyekale A, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pakhale S, Pana A, Panda B, Panda-Jonas S, Park E, Parsaeian M, Patel T, Patten S, Patton G, Paudel D, Pereira D, Perez-Padilla R, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Peterson C, Petri W, Petzold M, Phillips M, Piel F, Pigott D, Pishgar F, Plass D, Polinder S, Popova S, Postma M, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prasad N, Purwar M, Qorbani M, Quintanilla B, Rabiee R, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman S, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Rana S, Ranabhat C, Rao P, Rawaf S, Ray S, Rego M, Rehm J, Reiner R, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Rezai M, Ribeiro A, Rivas J, Rokni M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago G, Saadat S, Sabde Y, Sachdev P, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salama J, Salamati P, Salomon J, Salvi S, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Saylan M, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schulhofer-Wohl S, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Seid A, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shackelford K, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Shaikh M, Shamsipour M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shen J, Shetty B, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shifa G, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silberberg D, Silpakit N, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Sindi S, Singh J, Singh P, Singh A, Singh V, Sinha D, Skarbek K, Skiadaresi E, Sligar A, Smith D, Sobaih B, Sobngwi E, Soneji S, Soriano J, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein D, Steiner C, Stöckl H, Stokes M, Strong M, Sufiyan M, Suliankatchi R, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla S, Tadese F, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tarajia M, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Tekle D, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Tesema C, Tesssema B, Theis A, Thomas N, Thompson A, Thomson A, Thrift A, Tiruye T, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tortajada M, Tran B, Truelsen T, Trujillo U, Tsilimparis N, Tuem K, Tuzcu E, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uthman O, Uzochukwu B, van Boven J, Varakin Y, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Vasconcelos A, Velasquez I, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Violante F, Vishnu A, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Waid J, Wakayo T, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Wijeratne T, Wilkinson J, Wiysonge C, Woldeyes B, Wolfe C, Workicho A, Workie S, Xavier D, Xu G, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yalew A, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Ye P, Yimam H, Yip P, Yirsaw B, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zeeb H, Zenebe Z, Zerfu T, Zhang A, Zhang X, Zodpey S, Zuhlke L, Lopez A, Murray C. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1084-1150. PMID: 28919115, PMCID: PMC5605514, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31833-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSocio-demographic IndexMortality rateDeath rateAge groupsAge-sex groupsAge-specific death ratesCause mortalityLife expectancyRegistration of deathsGlobal burdenBirth historyNational InstituteAge-specific mortalityAge-standardised death rateRisk Factors Study 2016Young adult age groupDisease Study 2016Rate of stillbirthSex-specific death ratesCivil Registration SystemAdult age groupsHigher life expectancyEpidemic infectious diseasesHIV/AIDSFemale life expectancy