2005
Liver enzyme values in injection drug users with chronic hepatitis C
Mehta S, Netski D, Sulkowski M, Strathdee S, Vlahov D, Thomas D. Liver enzyme values in injection drug users with chronic hepatitis C. Digestive And Liver Disease 2005, 37: 674-680. PMID: 15951255, DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2005.03.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusHepatitis C virus-infected personsAcute viral hepatitisLiver enzyme valuesVirus-infected personsC virusAminotransferase levelsViral hepatitisAlanine aminotransferaseAlanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratioChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectionEnzyme valuesHepatitis C virus infectionAspartate aminotransferase ratioC virus infectionChronic hepatitis CHigher alanine aminotransferaseInjection drug usersHepatitis CAminotransferase ratioSerologic testingLiver enzymesULNVirus infectionDrug users
2004
MICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections
Karacki P, Gao X, Thio C, Thomas D, Goedert J, Vlahov D, Kaslow R, Strathdee S, Hilgartner M, O'Brien S, Carrington M. MICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections. Genes & Immunity 2004, 5: 261-266. PMID: 15029237, DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364065.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusHepatitis B virus infectionChronic hepatitis BB virus infectionHepatitis BC virusVirus infectionMICA polymorphismNatural killer cellsHBV infectionHCV infectionHepatitis CKiller cellsViral clearanceViral persistenceT cellsStudy populationMICA allelesSignificant associationInfectionFurther investigationVirusAssociationPersonsDifferential distributionHepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City
Fuller C, Ompad D, Galea S, Wu Y, Koblin B, Vlahov D. Hepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City. Journal Of Urban Health 2004, 81: 20-24. PMID: 15047780, PMCID: PMC3456148, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jth084.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersNoninjection drug usersDrug usersHCV seropositiveRisk of HCVNew injection drug usersPerson-time analysisAnnual incidence rateHepatitis C incidenceAnnual incident rateHigh-risk practicesHCV incidenceHCV seroconvertersNon-IDUsHCV serologyHCV preventionC virusRisk factorsIncidence ratePrevention servicesOnset of injectionEarly preventionNew York CityRisk Survey
2003
Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City
Des Jarlais D, Diaz T, Perlis T, Vlahov D, Maslow C, Latka M, Rockwell R, Edwards V, Friedman S, Monterroso E, Williams I, Garfein R. Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2003, 157: 467-471. PMID: 12615611, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatitis C virusImmunodeficiency virusB virusDrug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersHigh HIV seroprevalenceHigh rateHBV incidenceHCV incidenceHCV transmissionCohort studyHIV seroprevalenceHIV incidenceHIV transmissionYoung Injecting Drug UsersC virusVirus infectionNew York CityIncidenceVirusYork City
2002
Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users?
Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Jarlais D, Strathdee S, Ouellet L, Kerndt P, E E, Williams I, Garfein R. Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users? Epidemiology 2002, 13: 738-741. PMID: 12410020, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200211000-00023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersAnti-HCV seroconversionHepatitis C virusDrug usersOdds ratioBleach useYoung adult injection drug usersSeronegative injection drug usersMajor public health problemAdult injection drug usersBleach disinfectionHepatitis C infectionProspective cohort studyCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPublic health problemCessation of injectionsC infectionHCV infectionCohort studyC virusProtective effectHealth problemsSeroconversionLogistic regressionHigh Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia Among Female Injection Drug Users With and Without HIV Infection.
Semba R, Shah N, Strathdee S, Vlahov D. High Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia Among Female Injection Drug Users With and Without HIV Infection. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002, 29: 142. PMID: 11832682, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200202010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFemale injection drug usersInjection drug usersIron deficiency anemiaHIV infectionDeficiency anemiaIron deficiencyIron supplementationDrug usersHigh mortalityHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHIV-negative womenHepatitis C infectionPrevalence of anemiaHepatitis C virusCross-sectional studyProgression of diseaseC infectionPlasma ferritinC virusOverall prevalenceHigh prevalenceVirus infectionAnemia patientsAnemiaHigh Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia Among Female Injection Drug Users With and Without HIV Infection
Semba R, Shah N, Strathdee S, Vlahov D. High Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia Among Female Injection Drug Users With and Without HIV Infection. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002, 29: 142-144. DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200202010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFemale injection drug usersInjection drug usersIron deficiency anemiaHIV infectionDeficiency anemiaIron deficiencyIron supplementationDrug usersHigh mortalityHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHIV-negative womenHepatitis C infectionPrevalence of anemiaHepatitis C virusCross-sectional studyProgression of diseaseC infectionPlasma ferritinC virusOverall prevalenceHigh prevalenceVirus infectionAnemia patientsAnemia
2001
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and Hepatotoxicity among Injection Drug Users Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Sadaphal P, Astemborski J, Graham N, Sheely L, Bonds M, Madison A, Vlahov D, Thomas D, Sterling T. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and Hepatotoxicity among Injection Drug Users Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 1687-1691. PMID: 11641824, PMCID: PMC2650436, DOI: 10.1086/323896.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersTuberculosis infectionValue elevationDrug usersCurrent injection drug useLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionHepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis B surface antigenLow HCV prevalenceC virus infectionIsoniazid preventive therapyInjection drug useM. tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionHIV-1 infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusB surface antigenConcurrent alcohol useDrug discontinuationHCV prevalencePreventive therapyImmunodeficiency virusProspective studyTransaminase valuesBlood-Borne and Sexual Transmission of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Cannon M, Dollard S, Smith D, Klein R, Schuman P, Rich J, Vlahov D, Pellett P. Blood-Borne and Sexual Transmission of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 637-643. PMID: 11228278, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103013440904.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnalysis of VarianceBlood-Borne PathogensFemaleHepatitis, Viral, HumanHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 8, HumanHeterosexualityHIV InfectionsHumansLogistic ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsRisk-TakingSeroepidemiologic StudiesSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyphilisConceptsInjection drug useHHV-8 infectionHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virusHHV-8 seroprevalenceHHV-8Human herpesvirus 8Sexual transmissionRisk factorsHerpesvirus 8Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHHV-8 seropositivityHigh-risk sexual behaviorImmunodeficiency virus infectionBlood-borne transmissionDaily injection drug useHispanic ethnic backgroundEnzyme-linked immunosorbentRisk of seropositivityBlood borneSyphilis infectionHIV infectionIndependent predictorsImmunodeficiency virus
2000
Screening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
Thio C, Nolt K, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Thomas D. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2000, 38: 575-577. PMID: 10655348, PMCID: PMC86151, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.2.575-577.2000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusHCV RNANegative participantsHepatitis C virus antibody testHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected individualsHepatitis C virus screeningThird-generation enzyme immunoassayHIV-negative participantsVirus-infected individualsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersThird-generation assaysCOBAS AMPLICOR systemFalse-negative testsThird-generation testsFalse-negative resultsAcute infectionHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusC virusAntibody formationAntibody testHCVVirus screeningAmplicor system
1999
A prospective, community‐based evaluation of liver enzymes in individuals with hepatitis C after drug use
Inglesby T, Rai R, Astemborski J, Gruskin L, Nelson K, Vlahov D, Thomas D. A prospective, community‐based evaluation of liver enzymes in individuals with hepatitis C after drug use. Hepatology 1999, 29: 590-596. PMID: 9918940, DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum ALT levelsALT levelsALT valuesDrug usePrior illicit drug useSerum alanine transaminase levelsAlanine transaminase levelsNormal ALT valuesHepatitis C virusIllicit drug useImportant disease outcomesElevated ALTHepatitis CTransaminase levelsInitial visitLiver biopsyVisit variabilityC virusCommunity-based evaluationLiver enzymesDisease outcomeHCVPatientsMore visitsNatural history
1996
Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses.
Garfein R, Vlahov D, Galai N, Doherty M, Nelson K. Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses. American Journal Of Public Health 1996, 86: 655-661. PMID: 8629715, PMCID: PMC1380472, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusViral infectionSeroprevalence of HCVBlood-borne viral infectionsHuman T-lymphotropic virus type IShort-term injectorsHuman immunodeficiency virusSexual risk reduction interventionInjection drug usersIllicit drug injectorsRisk reduction interventionsVirus type IHepatitis CHepatitis BHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusPrimary preventionC virusB virusHuman immunodeficiencyDrug injectionSequential cohortsDrug injectorsLymphotropic virus
1995
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in a Population of Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Koehler J, Cohn S, Spronk A, Nelson K. Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in a Population of Injecting Drug Users. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1995, 142: 331-341. PMID: 7631637, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117639.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersHBV seropositivityHBV seromarkersHepatitis B virus infectionDrug injecting equipmentHigh-risk sexual behaviorB virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusInjecting Drug UsersHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusAfrican American ethnicityHBV transmissionParenteral transmissionHBV infectionImmunodeficiency virusInjecting equipmentSexual transmissionC virusB virusInjecting careerVirus infectionDrug useShooting galleriesStreet outreachOccupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland.
Gershon R, Vlahov D, Farzadegan H, Alter M. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland. Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology 1995, 16: 194-7. PMID: 7636165, DOI: 10.1086/647089.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatitis B virusHepatitis B vaccinationHepatitis C virusB vaccinationImmunodeficiency virusBloodborne pathogensB virusNon-occupational risk factorsHepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B surface antibodyBloodborne pathogen infectionsC virus infectionDoses of vaccineHepatitis B vaccineB surface antigenMarker of protectionB surface antibodyAdequate titersBloodborne exposuresHBV infectionHCV infectionB vaccineHIV infectionOccupational Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Funeral Service Practitioners in Maryland
Gershon R, Vlahov D, Farzadegan H, Alter M. Occupational Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Funeral Service Practitioners in Maryland. Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology 1995, 16: 194-197. DOI: 10.2307/30140977.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatitis B virusHepatitis B vaccinationHepatitis C virusB vaccinationImmunodeficiency virusBloodborne pathogensB virusNon-occupational risk factorsHepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B surface antibodyBloodborne pathogen infectionsC virus infectionDoses of vaccineHepatitis B vaccineB surface antigenMarker of protectionB surface antibodyAdequate titersBloodborne exposuresHBV infectionHCV infectionB vaccineHIV infection
1991
Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among Cardiac Surgery Patients, Homosexual Men, and Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland
Donahue J, Nelson K, Mufioz A, Vlahov D, Rennie L, Taylor E, Saah A, Cohn S, Odaka N, Farzadegan H. Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among Cardiac Surgery Patients, Homosexual Men, and Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1991, 134: 1206-1211. PMID: 1720924, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusIntravenous drug useIntravenous drug usersC virusHepatitis CDrug usersDrug useHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHepatitis C seropositiveHepatitis C seropositivityHIV-1 statusCardiac surgery patientsImmunodeficiency virus infectionIncidence of antibodiesMulti-transfused patientsSexual behavior variablesC seropositivitySurgery patientsCardiac surgeryHepatitis AProspective studyRisk factorsBlood exposureVirus infectionHIV-1