Jiao Yu
About
Titles
Postdoctoral Associate
Biography
My research strives to shed light on how health inequality is determined, sustained, and manifested within the context of population aging. I seek to understand social determinants of health over the life course, with a particular interest in the intersection of environment, aging, and health disparities. My current research investigates how bio-physiological and neighborhood factors affect racial health disparities among older adults and how behavioral and social factors influence healthy aging in later life. I utilize contemporary statistical methods and machine learning methods — particularly longitudinal trajectory models and sequence analysis to draw inferences from nationally representative longitudinal surveys — in my research.
Appointments
Yale School of Public Health
Postdoctoral AssociatePrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- PhD
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Sociology
Research
Publications
Featured Publications
COVID‐19 and Contraceptive Use in Two African Countries: Examining Conflicting Pressures on Women
Yu J, Grace K, Boyle E, Mikal J, Gunther M, Kristiansen D. COVID‐19 and Contraceptive Use in Two African Countries: Examining Conflicting Pressures on Women. Population And Development Review 2024, 50: 395-419. PMID: 39309043, PMCID: PMC11412435, DOI: 10.1111/padr.12606.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchContraceptive useMultilevel logistic regression resultsLogistic regression resultsReproductive health servicesDelay pregnancyAfrican countriesContraceptive uptakeAccess contraceptionMultilevel perspectiveAbstract WomenContraceptionConflicting pressuresVirus exposureHealth servicesLongitudinal dataInterpersonal trustRegression resultsPublic health crisisBurkina FasoWomenMobility restrictionsCOVID-19COVID-19 precautionsPublic health officialsHealth crisisOral Health and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Doubly Robust Survival Analysis
Yu J, Qin W, Huang W, Thomas K. Oral Health and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Doubly Robust Survival Analysis. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2022, 64: 9-16. PMID: 36150950, PMCID: PMC11018359, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelf-rated oral healthCommunity-dwelling older adultsOral healthOlder adultsSurvival timeBetter self-rated oral healthNational Death Index mortality dataProportional hazards regression modelsInverse probabilityObjective clinical indicatorsOral health measuresSubjective oral healthHazards regression modelsNutrition Examination SurveyThird National HealthSurvival estimationCause mortalityPeriodontal conditionsDental screeningDental cariesExamination SurveyClinical indicatorsRisk factorsNational HealthCox modelInvestigating Factors of Active Aging Among Chinese Older Adults: A Machine Learning Approach
Yu J, Huang W, Kahana E. Investigating Factors of Active Aging Among Chinese Older Adults: A Machine Learning Approach. The Gerontologist 2021, 62: 332-341. PMID: 33942091, DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab058.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2026
Racial differences in the longitudinal association between perceived neighborhood disorder and allostatic load
Yu J, Qin W, Osypuk T, Kalesnikava V. Racial differences in the longitudinal association between perceived neighborhood disorder and allostatic load. The Gerontologist 2026, 66: gnag053. PMID: 42018759, PMCID: PMC13201257, DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnag053.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerceived neighborhood disorderAllostatic loadNeighborhood disorderLongitudinal associationsBlack respondentsOlder adultsRacial differencesAssociated with allostatic loadPlace-based health disparitiesHealth and Retirement StudyBaseline allostatic loadBlack older adultsResidential selection biasElevated allostatic loadInverse probability weightingHealth disparitiesRetirement StudyPhysiological dysregulationWhite counterpartsMiddle-agedWhite respondentsRisk factorsLongitudinal analysisPhysiological wearProbability weightingAssessing biological pathways in the longitudinal association between neighborhood environment and depressive symptoms
Yu J, Cho S, Nguyen A. Assessing biological pathways in the longitudinal association between neighborhood environment and depressive symptoms. Journal Of Affective Disorders 2026, 407: 121784. PMID: 41967684, PMCID: PMC13127359, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2026.121784.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolDepressive symptomsNeighborhood environmentOlder adultsLongitudinal associationsCohort study of older adultsDeterminants of mental healthPhysical disadvantagesCohort studyHealth and Retirement StudyStudy of older adultsAssociated with later depressive symptomsCES-D scaleTotal cholesterolNo significant associationRetirement StudyMental healthDepression riskCovariate adjustmentC-reactive proteinHigher HbA1cNeighborhood contextSignificant associationAssociated over timeHemoglobin A1cNeighborhood Disorder and Risk of Dementia: The Mediating Role of Cardiometabolic Risk
Yu J, Wang Y, Gill T, Chen X. Neighborhood Disorder and Risk of Dementia: The Mediating Role of Cardiometabolic Risk. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2026, 108374. PMID: 41962695, PMCID: PMC13097693, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108374.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThis study investigates how neighborhood disorder increases dementia risk, finding cardiometabolic health partially mediates this link, suggesting community improvements could support healthy aging.Thriving in place: Multidimensional neighborhood typologies and cognitive function among U.S. older adults in the Health and Retirement Study
Yu J, Qin W, Wang J, Kahana E. Thriving in place: Multidimensional neighborhood typologies and cognitive function among U.S. older adults in the Health and Retirement Study. PLOS ONE 2026, 21: e0344785. PMID: 41818248, PMCID: PMC12981433, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0344785.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTelephone Interview for Cognitive StatusNeighborhood typologiesHealth and Retirement StudyU.S. older adultsCognitive healthDisadvantaged neighborhoodsNeighborhood featuresRetirement StudyMeasures of neighbourhood deprivationUnequal distributionOlder adultsLate-life cognitive healthCognitive functionIndividual-level characteristicsDistribution of amenitiesMultilevel regression modelsCross-sectional analysisNeighborhood deprivationHigh-amenityCommunity initiativesHazardous neighborhoodsLow deprivationCensus tractsGreen neighbourhoodsFood access
2025
Life-Course Patterns of Work History and Frailty Trajectories Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China
Fu P, Wang Y, Wang X, Yu J, Chen X. Life-Course Patterns of Work History and Frailty Trajectories Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China. Innovation In Aging 2025, 9: igaf122.191. PMCID: PMC12759556, DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaf122.191.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLife course patternsGroup-based trajectory modelingNon-agriculturalWork historyFrailty trajectoriesDiverse work experiencesPatterns of womenAssociated with frailty trajectoriesMultinomial logistic regression analysisChina HealthMidlife stageTime of transitionOlder ChineseWork experienceRelative riskGenderWomenCommunity-dwelling older adultsFrailty groupAssociated with physical frailtyAssociated with lower relative riskRisk of frailtyMenAgricultural work historyLowest relative riskLongitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Disorder, Diabetes, and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life
Cho S, Yu J. Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Disorder, Diabetes, and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life. Innovation In Aging 2025, 9: igaf122.2170. PMCID: PMC12760294, DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaf122.2170.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeighborhood physical disorderHealth and Retirement StudyDepressive symptomsMental healthNeighborhood disorderNeighborhood stressorsPhysical disordersDeterminants of mental healthAssociated with higher HbA1cElevated depressive symptomsBaseline depressive symptomsDevelopment of depressive symptomsRisk of diabetesNeighborhood environmentPsychological Well-BeingRetirement StudyLongitudinal associationsMarital statusDepressive symptomatologyLate lifeHigher HbA1cPhysiological stress responseNeighborhoodLongitudinal dataHealthUncovering the biological toll of neighborhood disorder trajectories: a machine learning based weighting analysis of biomarkers in older adults
Yu J, Cudjoe T, Mathis W, Chen X. Uncovering the biological toll of neighborhood disorder trajectories: a machine learning based weighting analysis of biomarkers in older adults. The Journals Of Gerontology Series B 2025, 81: gbaf242. PMID: 41296688, DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaf242.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThis study investigates how neighborhood disorder over time impacts aging-related metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in older adults, highlighting environmental stress as a significant health risk.