2023
Sex Difference in Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients
Sawano M, Lu Y, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Dreyer R, Lichtman J, D'Onofrio G, Spatz E, Khera R, Onuma O, Murugiah K, Spertus J, Krumholz H. Sex Difference in Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2023, 81: 1797-1806. PMID: 37137590, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.383.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsFemaleHealth StatusHospitalizationHumansMaleMyocardial InfarctionRisk FactorsSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionNoncardiac hospitalizationsSubdistribution HRYounger patientsMyocardial infarctionSex differencesYoung womenCause-specific hospitalizationsCause of hospitalizationWorse health statusSignificant sex disparityNoncardiovascular hospitalizationsVIRGO StudyIndex episodeAdverse outcomesIncidence rateHospitalizationHigh riskSex disparitiesHealth statusPatientsU.S. hospitalsWomenInfarctionOutcomes
2017
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project)
Lu J, Lu Y, Wang X, Li X, Linderman GC, Wu C, Cheng X, Mu L, Zhang H, Liu J, Su M, Zhao H, Spatz ES, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project). The Lancet 2017, 390: 2549-2558. PMID: 29102084, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32478-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsControl of hypertensionBlood pressureAntihypertensive medicationsCardiac Events Million Persons ProjectSelf-reported antihypertensive medication usePopulation-based screening studyPopulation-based screening projectMillion Persons ProjectPrescribed antihypertensive medicationsPrevious cardiovascular eventsAntihypertensive medication useDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressureManagement of hypertensionCalcium channel blockersProportion of participantsSelf-reported diagnosisCommunity-dwelling adultsSex-standardised ratesCardiovascular eventsHypertensive adultsMedication classesHypertension awarenessHypertension prevalenceClinical factorsWorldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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M, Björkelund C, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy L, Boehm B, Boeing H, Boggia J, Boissonnet C, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt M, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster L, Brian G, Brinduse L, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido A, Capanzana M, Capuano V, Cardoso V, Carlsson A, Carvalho M, Casanueva F, Casas J, Caserta C, Chamukuttan S, Chan A, Chan Q, Chaturvedi H, Chaturvedi N, Chen C, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou S, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque M, Cho B, Cho Y, Christensen K, Christofaro D, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin S, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger T, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig C, Crujeiras A, Cucu A, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard C, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft T, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira P, De Ridder K, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev A, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo A, Dias-da-Costa J, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Do H, Dobson A, Donati M, Donfrancesco C, Donoso S, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty A, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan J, Duante C, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Egbagbe E, Eggertsen R, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson J, la Peña J, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall C, Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo F, Ferguson T, Fernandes R, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn J, Fischer K, Flores E, Föger B, Foo L, Forslund A, Forsner M, Fouad H, Francis D, Franco M, Franco O, Frontera G, Fuchs F, Fuchs S, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galeone D, Galvano F, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Gareta D, Garnett S, Gaspoz J, Gasull M, Gates L, Geiger H, Geleijnse J, Ghasemian A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill T, Giovannelli J, Giwercman A, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith R, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, González-Leon M, González-Rivas J, Gonzalez-Gross M, Gottrand F, Graça A, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou M, Gregor R, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Grujic V, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan O, Gudmundsson E, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes A, Gulliford M, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter M, Guo X, Guo Y, Gupta P, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou C, Si-Ramlee K, Halkjær J, Hambleton I, Hardy R, Kumar R, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Hayes A, He J, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hendriks M, Henriques A, Cadena L, Herrala S, Herrera V, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hihtaniemi I, Ho S, Ho S, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Hopman W, Horimoto A, Hormiga C, Horta B, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay T, Htet A, Htike M, Hu Y, Huerta J, Petrescu C, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huu C, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Iannone A, Ibarluzea J, Ibrahim M, Ikeda N, Ikram M, Irazola V, Islam M, Ismail A, Ivkovic V, Iwasaki M, Jackson R, Jacobs J, Jaddou H, Jafar T, Jamil K, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarani J, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jeong S, Jiang C, Jiménez-Acosta S, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jonas J, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Jovic D, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Jurak G, JureÅ¡a V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kajantie E, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin N, Kapantais E, Karki K, Kasaeian A, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper H, Kengne A, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader Y, Khalili D, Khang Y, Khateeb M, Khaw K, Khouw I, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim J, Kim Y, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs V, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen P, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger H, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kuh D, Kujala U, Kulaga Z, Kumar R, KuneÅ¡ová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma Y, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La Q, Laamiri F, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam T, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Laugsand L, Lauria L, Laxmaiah A, Bao K, Le T, Lebanan M, Leclercq C, Lee J, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, León-Muñoz L, Levitt N, Li Y, Lilly C, Lim W, Lima-Costa M, Lin H, Lin X, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Loit H, Lopes L, Lorbeer R, Lotufo P, Lozano J, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lytsy P, Ma G, Ma J, Machado-Coelho G, Machado-Rodrigues A, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano D, Magriplis E, Mahaletchumy A, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Rao K, Malyutina S, Manios Y, Mann J, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Marques L, Marques-Vidal P, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Masoodi S, Mathiesen E, Matijasevich A, Matsha T, Mazur A, Mbanya J, McFarlane S, McGarvey S, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean R, McLean S, McNulty B, Yusof S, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes A, Menon G, Mensink G, Meshram I, Metspalu A, Meyer H, Mi J, Michaelsen K, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miller J, Minderico C, Miquel J, Miranda J, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, MiÅ¡igoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti P, Mohamed M, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff M, Molbo D, Møllehave L, Møller N, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo C, Monterrubio E, Monyeki K, Moon J, Moreira L, Morejon A, Moreno L, Morgan K, Mortensen E, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Mota-Pinto A, Motlagh M, Motta J, Mu T, Muc M, Muiesan M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh E, Musil V, Nabipour I, Nagel G, Naidu B, Nakamura H, NámeÅ¡ná J, Nang E, Nangia V, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Navarrete-Muñoz E, Neal W, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen C, Nguyen N, Nguyen Q, Nieto-MartÃnez R, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa O, Norat T, Norie S, Noto D, Nsour M, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Oda E, Oehlers G, Oh K, Ohara K, Olafsson Ö, Olinto M, Oliveira I, Oltarzewski M, Omar M, Onat A, Ong S, Ono L, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz A, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic S, Ostovar A, Otero J, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud F, Padez C, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S, Parnell W, Parsaeian M, Pascanu I, Patel N, Pecin I, Pednekar M, Peer N, Peeters P, Peixoto S, Peltonen M, Pereira A, Perez-Farinos N, Pérez C, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Peykari N, Pham S, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh B, Pohlabeln H, Pop R, Popovic S, Porta M, Portegies M, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price J, Puder J, Pudule I, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi R, Qorbani M, Bao T, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rascon-Pacheco R, Redon J, Reganit P, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, de Wit T, Rito A, Ritti-Dias R, Rivera J, Robinson S, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, RodrÃguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, RodrÃguez-Villamizar L, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy J, Rubinstein A, Rühli F, Ruiz-Betancourt B, Russo P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev H, Saidi O, Salanave B, Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen J, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina L, Santos D, Santos I, Santos O, dos Santos R, Santos R, Saramies J, Sardinha L, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt C, Schmidt I, Schultsz C, Schutte A, Sein A, Sen A, Senbanjo I, Sepanlou S, Serra-Majem L, Shalnova S, Sharma S, Shaw J, Shibuya K, Shin D, Shin Y, Shiri R, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai A, Silva A, Silva D, Simon M, Simons J, Simons L, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skovbjerg S, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Smith M, Snijder M, So H, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri M, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen T, Soric M, Jérome C, Soumare A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen J, Stamm H, Starc G, Stathopoulou M, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein A, Stergiou G, Stessman J, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi M, Suárez-Medina R, Sun C, Sundström J, Sung Y, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn B, Sy R, Szponar L, Tai E, Tammesoo M, Tamosiunas A, Tan E, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh M, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani C, Tautu O, Braunerová R, Taylor A, Tchibindat F, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen B, Tjonneland A, Tolonen H, Tolstrup J, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo M, Tornaritis M, Torrent M, Toselli S, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh O, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid M, Tullu F, Tuomainen T, Tuomilehto J, Turley M, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli F, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo H, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van der Schouw Y, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor N, van Valkengoed I, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren W, Victora C, Viegi G, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen J, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wade A, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Bebakar W, Mohamud W, Wanderley R, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wannamethee S, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Whincup P, Widhalm K, Widyahening I, Wiecek A, Wijga A, Wilks R, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure R, Wong J, Wong J, Wong T, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu F, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang X, Yardim N, Ye X, Yiallouros P, Yngve A, Yoshihara A, You Q, Younger-Coleman N, Yusoff F, Yusoff M, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin A, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Cisneros J, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Bilano V, Bixby H, Zhou B, Stevens G, Riley L, Taddei C, Hajifathalian K, Lu Y, Savin S, Cowan M, Paciorek C, Chirita-Emandi A, Hayes A, Katz J, Kelishadi R, Kengne A, Khang Y, Laxmaiah A, Li Y, Ma J, Miranda J, Mostafa A, Neovius M, Padez C, Rampal L, Zhu A, Bennett J, Danaei G, Bhutta Z, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet 2017, 390: 2627-2642. PMID: 29029897, PMCID: PMC5735219, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMean body mass indexBody mass indexPrevalence of obesitySevere underweightAge-standardised mean body mass indexPrevalence of BMIGlobal age-standardised prevalenceCentral Latin AmericaAge-standardised prevalencePopulation-based studyAdolescent body mass indexAdverse health consequencesNon-significant increaseAndean Latin AmericaBMI categoriesWHO growth referencesMeasurements of heightPooled analysisHigh-income countriesObesityUnderweightHealth programsPrevalenceHealth consequencesGrowth referencesSex Differences in Inflammatory Markers and Health Status Among Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP, Spatz ES, Geda M, Lorenze NP, D'Onofrio G, Lichtman JH, Spertus JA, Ridker PM, Krumholz HM. Sex Differences in Inflammatory Markers and Health Status Among Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2017, 10: e003470. PMID: 28228461, PMCID: PMC5459381, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003470.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine EsteraseAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetBiomarkersChi-Square DistributionComorbidityC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansInflammation MediatorsLinear ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardial InfarctionProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesUp-RegulationYoung AdultConceptsHigh-sensitivity C-reactive proteinAcute myocardial infarctionHigher inflammatory levelsInflammatory markersPoor health statusHealth statusYoung womenMyocardial infarctionInflammatory levelsTargeted anti-inflammatory treatmentsElevated inflammatory markersResidual cholesterol riskResidual inflammatory riskSex differencesAnti-inflammatory treatmentAnti-inflammatory therapyC-reactive proteinHigher mortality riskYoung menPhospholipase A2Years of ageCardiovascular outcomesMultivariable adjustmentPatient characteristicsSecondary prevention
2016
Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the VIRGO study
Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP, Caulfield M, Spatz ES, Geda M, Lorenze NP, Herbert P, D'Onofrio G, Jackson EA, Lichtman JH, Bueno H, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the VIRGO study. American Heart Journal 2016, 183: 74-84. PMID: 27979045, PMCID: PMC5459396, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.09.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionLipid profileYoung womenLipoprotein cholesterolLipoprotein profileMyocardial infarctionTreatment utilizationLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolLow HDL cholesterol levelsYoung adultsHigh-intensity doseMajor lipid abnormalitiesSex differencesAdverse lipid profileFavorable lipoprotein profileHDL cholesterol ratioLower total cholesterolHDL cholesterol levelsHigher HDL cholesterolImportant risk factorHigher mortality riskMultivariate regression analysisVIRGO StudyCardiovascular outcomes
2012
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, AlMazroa M, Amann M, Anderson H, Andrews K, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus L, Bahalim A, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell M, Blore J, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce N, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett R, Byers T, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen J, Cheng A, Child J, Cohen A, Colson K, Cowie B, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Jarlais D, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding E, Dorsey E, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali S, Engell R, Erwin P, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane M, Flaxman S, Fowkes F, Freedman G, Freeman M, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez H, Hall W, Hoek H, Hogan A, Hosgood H, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell B, Hutchings S, Ibeanusi S, Jacklyn G, Jasrasaria R, Jonas J, Kan H, Kanis J, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang Y, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo J, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher J, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin J, Lipshultz S, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Memish Z, Mensah G, Merriman T, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Hanafiah K, Mokdad A, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson P, Nolla J, Norman R, Olives C, Omer S, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey K, Parry C, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari P, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pope D, Pope C, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess E, Rehm J, Ritz B, Rivara F, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales J, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld L, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon J, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh G, Sleet D, Smith E, Smith K, Stapelberg N, Steenland K, Stöckl H, Stovner L, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston G, Tran J, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman J, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman M, White R, Whiteford H, Wiersma S, Wilkinson J, Williams H, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf A, Yip P, Zielinski J, Lopez A, Murray C, Ezzati M. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 2012, 380: 2224-2260. PMID: 23245609, PMCID: PMC4156511, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond-hand smokeDisease Study 2010High blood pressureRisk factorsDisease burdenGlobal disease burdenTobacco smokingRisk factor exposureBlood pressureGlobal DALYsChildhood underweightRelative riskGlobal burdenStudy 2010Unimproved waterCommunicable diseasesHigher body mass indexHigh-income North AmericaAlcohol useChildhood communicable diseasesDisability-adjusted life yearsRisk factor clustersDietary risk factorsCause-specific deathBody mass index
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