2025
The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Feng S, Zhang Y, Khanam F, Voysey M, Pitzer V, Qadri F, Clemens J, Pollard A, Liu X. The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health 2025, 13: e1122-e1131. PMID: 40252689, PMCID: PMC12095117, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(25)00056-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTyphoid Conjugate VaccineCluster randomised controlled trialJapanese encephalitis vaccineAge-eligible childrenCohort designTest-negative controlsStudy designTyphoid feverVaccine effectivenessHealth care seeking behaviorNon-vaccineesIncreased riskBlood culture-confirmed typhoid feverSalmonella enterica serotype TyphiCase-control study designNon-typhoidal infectionsVaccine protectionBlood culture specimensExperimental study designMiddle-income countriesObservational study designPublic health challengeChildren aged 9 monthsIncreased risk of typhoid feverRisk of typhoid fever
2017
The Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC): Vaccine effectiveness study designs: Accelerating the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines and reducing the global burden of enteric fever. Report from a meeting held on 26–27 October 2016, Oxford, UK
Meiring J, Gibani M, Group: T, Basnyat, Bentsi-Enchill A, Clemens J, Darton T, Date K, Dougan G, Garrett D, Gessner B, Gordon M, Heyderman R, Hombach J, Kotloff K, Levine M, Luby S, Mohan V, Marfin A, Mulholland K, Neuzil K, Pitzer V, Pollard A, Qadri F, Salisbury D, Zaidi A. The Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC): Vaccine effectiveness study designs: Accelerating the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines and reducing the global burden of enteric fever. Report from a meeting held on 26–27 October 2016, Oxford, UK. Vaccine 2017, 35: 5081-5088. PMID: 28802757, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTyphoid Vaccine Acceleration ConsortiumEffectiveness study designStudy designImportant public health toolIntroduction of TCVsHigh disease burdenStrategic Advisory GroupPublic health toolGAVI-eligible countriesCost-effectiveness analysisIntroduction of typhoidEnteric feverPrevious vaccinesTyphoid vaccineDisease burdenEfficacious vaccineGlobal burdenCountry-level decisionsTyphoid epidemiologyTyphoid feverLatest evidenceVaccineTyphoid surveillanceEffectiveness studiesHealth tools
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