2025
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Health Care Expenditures Among Patients Prescribed Semaglutide
Lu Y, Liu Y, Totojani T, Kim C, Khera R, Xu H, Brush J, Krumholz H, Abaluck J. Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Health Care Expenditures Among Patients Prescribed Semaglutide. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2526013. PMID: 40779264, PMCID: PMC12334959, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth care expendituresCardiovascular risk factorsCare expendituresCohort studyRisk factorsYale New Haven Health SystemCohort study of adultsType 2 diabetes statusLong-term impactStudy of adultsHealth systemRetrospective cohort studyBlood pressureHemoglobin A1c reductionMain OutcomesTotal cholesterolSentara HealthcareInpatient staySecondary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsPrimary outcomeHealthPeptide-1 receptor agonistsAssociated with clinical outcomesAssociated with reductionsIdentification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on electrocardiographic images with deep learning
Sangha V, Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Croon P, Sikand N, Sen S, Martinez M, Maron M, Krumholz H, Asselbergs F, Oikonomou E, Khera R. Identification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on electrocardiographic images with deep learning. Nature Cardiovascular Research 2025, 4: 991-1000. PMID: 40696040, DOI: 10.1038/s44161-025-00685-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCardiac magnetic resonance markers of pre-clinical hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy in genetic variant carriers
Croon P, van Vugt M, Allaart C, Ruijsink B, Elliott P, Asselbergs F, Khera R, Bezzina C, Winter M, Schmidt A. Cardiac magnetic resonance markers of pre-clinical hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy in genetic variant carriers. BMC Medicine 2025, 23: 421. PMID: 40660250, PMCID: PMC12261545, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-025-04226-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiac magnetic resonance imagingCardiac magnetic resonance imaging measuresCardiac magnetic resonance markersDilated CardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathyHeart failureUK Biobank participantsAtrial fibrillationLeft ventricular (LV) ejection fractionMitral annular plane systolic excursionAnnular plane systolic excursionLV) ejection fractionFunctional cardiac abnormalitiesEnd-systolic volumeCardiac risk factorsCardiomyopathy-associated variantsAssociated with incident AFAssociated with TTNIncident atrial fibrillationLV-ESVIMagnetic resonance imagingRV-ESVRV EFGenetic variant carriersSystolic excursionUso da Inteligência Artificial Aplicada ao Eletrocardiograma para Diagnóstico de Disfunção Sistólica Ventricular Esquerda
de Santana W, Pinto M, Barreto S, Foppa M, Giatti L, Khera R, Ribeiro A. Uso da Inteligência Artificial Aplicada ao Eletrocardiograma para Diagnóstico de Disfunção Sistólica Ventricular Esquerda. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia 2025, 122: e20240740. PMID: 40396866, PMCID: PMC12108124, DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240740.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionLeft ventricular ejection fractionNegative predictive valueDiagnostic odds ratioPositive predictive valueHeart failureDetect left-ventricular systolic dysfunctionPredictive valueVentricular systolic dysfunctionVentricular ejection fractionNegative likelihood ratioPositive likelihood ratioDiagnostic accuracy cross-sectional studyLikelihood ratioCross-sectional studySystolic dysfunctionEjection fractionEvaluating HFAUC-ROCElectrocardiographic alterationsOdds ratioEchocardiogramROC curveScreening toolElectrocardiogramEvaluation of a Machine Learning-Guided Strategy for Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Screening in Health Systems
Aminorroaya A, Dhingra L, Oikonomou E, Khera R. Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Guided Strategy for Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Screening in Health Systems. Circulation Genomic And Precision Medicine 2025, 18: e004632. PMID: 39846171, PMCID: PMC11835527, DOI: 10.1161/circgen.124.004632.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYale New Haven Health SystemHealth systemVanderbilt University Medical CenterHealth system electronic health recordUniversity Medical CenterCoronary Artery Risk DevelopmentMulti-Ethnic Study of AtherosclerosisElectronic health recordsMedical CenterUS health systemHealth system patientsAssociated with significantly higher oddsMulti-Ethnic StudyUS-based cohortStudy of atherosclerosisSignificantly higher oddsHealth recordsUK BiobankAtherosclerosis RiskRisk DevelopmentHigher oddsElevated Lp(aUniversal screeningSystem patientsStudy cohort
2024
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-based heart failure care in New South Wales, Australia: a linked data cohort study
McIntyre D, Quintans D, Kazi S, Min H, He W, Marschner S, Khera R, Nassar N, Chow C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-based heart failure care in New South Wales, Australia: a linked data cohort study. BMC Health Services Research 2024, 24: 1364. PMID: 39516863, PMCID: PMC11545568, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11840-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart failure careNew South WalesHospital admissionHealth service utilisationAdministrative health recordsPrimary diagnosis of heart failureData cohort studyRate of admissionPre-pandemicHealth of patientsSouth WalesCOVID-19 pandemicHospital utilisationService utilisationHealth recordsED presentationsMortality dataDiagnosis of heart failureCOVID-19 burdenEmergency departmentCohort studyPrimary diagnosisData collectionCareAustralian dataRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Faust J, Renton B, Bongiovanni T, Chen A, Sheares K, Du C, Essien U, Fuentes-Afflick E, Haywood T, Khera R, King T, Li S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Marshall A, Ndumele C, Opara I, Loarte-Rodriguez T, Sawano M, Taparra K, Taylor H, Watson K, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2438918. PMID: 39392630, PMCID: PMC11581672, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 public health emergencyNon-HispanicPublic health emergencyOther Pacific IslanderExcess mortalityAlaska NativesUS populationExcess deathsRates of excess mortalityCross-sectional study analyzed dataYears of potential lifeMortality relative riskNon-Hispanic whitesCross-sectional studyPacific IslandersStudy analyzed dataAll-Cause MortalityEthnic groupsMortality disparitiesMortality ratioTotal populationDeath certificatesEthnic disparitiesMain OutcomesDecedent ageCause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Arun A, Caraballo C, Sawano M, Lu Y, Khera R, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2436402. PMID: 39348122, PMCID: PMC11443349, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersPerformance of contemporary cardiovascular risk stratification scores in Brazil: an evaluation in the ELSA-Brasil study
Camargos A, Barreto S, Brant L, Ribeiro A, Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Bittencourt M, Figueiredo R, Khera R. Performance of contemporary cardiovascular risk stratification scores in Brazil: an evaluation in the ELSA-Brasil study. Open Heart 2024, 11: e002762. PMID: 38862252, PMCID: PMC11168182, DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2024-002762.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPooled Cohort EquationsELSA-BrasilRisk scoreCardiovascular diseaseCVD eventsCommunity-based cohort studyArea under the receiver operating characteristic curveCVD risk scoreELSA-Brasil studyIncident CVD eventsMiddle-income countriesAdjudicated CVD eventsCardiovascular disease riskCVD scoreCohort EquationsNational guidelinesRisk stratification scoresWhite womenAge/sex groupsCohort studyProspective cohortLMICsSex/race groupsHigher incomeRisk discrimination
2023
Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction From Electrocardiographic Images
Sangha V, Nargesi A, Dhingra L, Khunte A, Mortazavi B, Ribeiro A, Banina E, Adeola O, Garg N, Brandt C, Miller E, Ribeiro A, Velazquez E, Giatti L, Barreto S, Foppa M, Yuan N, Ouyang D, Krumholz H, Khera R. Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction From Electrocardiographic Images. Circulation 2023, 148: 765-777. PMID: 37489538, PMCID: PMC10982757, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLV systolic dysfunctionYale-New Haven HospitalVentricular systolic dysfunctionSystolic dysfunctionLV ejection fractionBrazilian Longitudinal StudyNew Haven HospitalEjection fractionCardiology clinicRegional hospitalLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionCedars-Sinai Medical CenterAdult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohortUse of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Oikonomou E, Nargesi A, Wilson F, Krumholz H, Khera R. Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2316634. PMID: 37285157, PMCID: PMC10248745, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16634.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth Information National Trends SurveyUS adultsExacerbate disparitiesWearable device usersCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular healthPopulation-based cross-sectional studySelf-reported cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease risk factorsNational Trends SurveyOverall US adult populationCardiovascular risk factor profileSelf-reported accessAssociated with lower useUse of wearable devicesImprove cardiovascular healthLower household incomeLower educational attainmentUS adult populationRisk factor profileNationally Representative SampleCross-sectional studyProportion of adultsTrends SurveyWearable device dataNonexercise machine learning models for maximal oxygen uptake prediction in national population surveys.
Liu Y, Herrin J, Huang C, Khera R, Dhingra L, Dong W, Mortazavi B, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Nonexercise machine learning models for maximal oxygen uptake prediction in national population surveys. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association 2023, 30: 943-952. PMID: 36905605, PMCID: PMC10114129, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuantifying Blood Pressure Visit-to-Visit Variability in the Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Lu Y, Linderman G, Mahajan S, Liu Y, Huang C, Khera R, Mortazavi B, Spatz E, Krumholz H. Quantifying Blood Pressure Visit-to-Visit Variability in the Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2023, 16: e009258. PMID: 36883456, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009258.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRetrospective cohort studyBlood pressure valuesPatient characteristicsReal-world settingCohort studyPatient subgroupsYale New Haven Health SystemMean body mass indexSystolic blood pressure valuesBlood pressure visitHistory of hypertensionCoronary artery diseaseManagement of patientsMultivariable linear regression modelsBlood pressure readingsBody mass indexPatient-level measuresBlood pressure variationAbsolute standardized differencesNon-Hispanic whitesAntihypertensive medicationsReal-world practiceVisit variabilityArtery diseaseRegression models
2022
Time in therapeutic range for targeted temperature management and outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Wheelock K, Chan P, Chen L, de Lemos J, Miller P, Nallamothu B, Girotra S, Khera R. Time in therapeutic range for targeted temperature management and outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2022, 182: 109650. PMID: 36442596, PMCID: PMC9885789, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.11.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFavorable neurologic outcomeHospital cardiac arrestTherapeutic rangeNeurologic outcomeOverall survivalTemperature managementCardiac arrestFavorable neurologic survivalFavorable neurological outcomeRetrospective cohort studyTargeted temperature managementHigh therapeutic rangeRisk-adjusted analysisComatose survivorsNeurologic survivalNeurological outcomeCohort studyHospital dischargeMedian durationMedian timeCurrent guidelinesCompression trialTreatment targetsSignificant associationGoal temperatureContemporary National Patterns of Eligibility and Use of Novel Lipid‐Lowering Therapies in the United States
Shen M, Nargesi A, Nasir K, Bhatt DL, Khera R. Contemporary National Patterns of Eligibility and Use of Novel Lipid‐Lowering Therapies in the United States. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2022, 11: e026075. PMID: 36102276, PMCID: PMC9683659, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026075.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipid-Lowering TherapyIcosapent ethylCardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline recommendationsNutrition Examination Survey dataAddition of ezetimibeUse of statinsClinical practice guidelinesCurrent statin usePopulation health outcomesConclusions SixCardiovascular outcomesStatin useClinical profileGuideline recommendationsLipid profileNational HealthPCSK9iNovel therapiesNovel agentsPractice guidelinesUS adultsAmerican CollegeStatinsHealth outcomesTherapyMeasures of Financial Hardship From Health Care Expenses Among Families With a Member With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the US
Wang SY, Valero-Elizondo J, Cainzos-Achirica M, Desai NR, Nasir K, Khera R. Measures of Financial Hardship From Health Care Expenses Among Families With a Member With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the US. JAMA Health Forum 2022, 3: e221962. PMID: 35977226, PMCID: PMC9308060, DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.1962.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFinancial hardshipFinancial burdenPocket medical expensesMedical Expenditure Panel SurveyHealth care expensesHigher incomePanel SurveyHealth careCare expensesFinancial consequencesHealth care costsForgone carePublic insuranceMedical billsSubstantial financial burdenMedical expensesIncomeDisparate measuresHardshipCare costsRepresentative surveySubjective measuresComprehensive frameworkExpenseInsuranceLarge-scale evidence generation and evaluation across a network of databases for type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEGEND-T2DM): a protocol for a series of multinational, real-world comparative cardiovascular effectiveness and safety studies
Khera R, Schuemie MJ, Lu Y, Ostropolets A, Chen R, Hripcsak G, Ryan PB, Krumholz HM, Suchard MA. Large-scale evidence generation and evaluation across a network of databases for type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEGEND-T2DM): a protocol for a series of multinational, real-world comparative cardiovascular effectiveness and safety studies. BMJ Open 2022, 12: e057977. PMID: 35680274, PMCID: PMC9185490, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057977.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLarge-scale Evidence GenerationType 2 diabetes mellitusCardiovascular effectivenessDiabetes mellitusSafety outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsSodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitorsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsNew-user cohort designPeptide-1 receptor agonistsDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorsSafety studiesAdverse cardiovascular eventsPrimary cardiovascular outcomePeptidase-4 inhibitorsAnti-hyperglycaemic agentsElectronic health record data sourcesEvidence generationCardiovascular eventsCardiovascular outcomesCardiovascular riskActive comparatorTherapeutic optionsReceptor agonistDrug comparisonsRural-Urban Disparities in Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations
Minhas AMK, Sheikh AB, Ijaz SH, Mostafa A, Nazir S, Khera R, Loccoh EC, Warraich HJ. Rural-Urban Disparities in Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 175: 164-169. PMID: 35577603, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionHeart failureHospital mortalityUrban hospitalRural hospitalsInflation-adjusted costStudy periodAMI hospitalizationMortality gapNational Inpatient SampleLength of stayAcute myocardial infarction hospitalizationsShorter mean lengthMyocardial infarction hospitalizationsHF hospitalizationCardiovascular outcomesClinical outcomesConsistent decreaseMyocardial infarctionInpatient SampleRural-urban disparitiesCardiovascular careHospitalizationHospitalMean lengthCost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Adults With Diabetes in the United States: The National Health Interview Survey 2013-2018.
Taha MB, Valero-Elizondo J, Yahya T, Caraballo C, Khera R, Patel KV, Ali HJR, Sharma G, Mossialos E, Cainzos-Achirica M, Nasir K. Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Adults With Diabetes in the United States: The National Health Interview Survey 2013-2018. Diabetes Care 2022, 45: 594-603. PMID: 35015860, DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1757.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCost-related medication nonadherenceNational Health Interview SurveyLack of insuranceMedication nonadherenceNational Health Interview Survey 2013Duration of diabetesHigher comorbidity burdenSelf-reported diabetesHealth Interview SurveyWorse health outcomesHealth-related expendituresComorbidity burdenInsulin useCurrent smokingLess medicationMedication adherenceFemale sexWeighted prevalenceHigher oddsAge subgroupsSkipping dosesDiabetesHealth outcomesElderly adultsNHIS participants
2021
Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Among Adults With Chronic Liver Diseases: National Estimates From the United States
Lago‐Hernandez C, Nguyen NH, Khera R, Loomba R, Asrani SK, Singh S. Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Among Adults With Chronic Liver Diseases: National Estimates From the United States. Hepatology 2021, 74: 1509-1522. PMID: 33772833, DOI: 10.1002/hep.31835.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic liver disease
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