2025
Cross-Sectional Association of Ground-Level Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide With Cardiac Mechanics Using Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in the Cardiovascular Health Study.
Chang AY, Kaufman JD, Shah SJ, Tan AX, Patel RB, Margolis HG, Psaty BM, Gardin JM, Al-Kindi S, Austin TR, Bell ML, Chen K, Odden MC. Cross-Sectional Association of Ground-Level Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide With Cardiac Mechanics Using Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Echocardiography 2025, 42: e70330. PMID: 41146536, DOI: 10.1111/echo.70330.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMortality risk and burden associated with non-optimum temperatures in Puerto Rico
Díaz-Collado F, Chu L, Carrión D, Méndez-Lázaro P, Chen K. Mortality risk and burden associated with non-optimum temperatures in Puerto Rico. Environmental Research Letters 2025, 20: 104032. PMID: 40932903, PMCID: PMC12419553, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ae013e.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-optimum temperaturesMortality riskConditional quasi-Poisson regressionRisk of all-cause mortalityDaily mortality countsHealth impactsRobust epidemiological evidenceQuasi-Poisson regressionTime-series studyAll-Cause MortalityTemperature-related deathsTime riskMortality fractionsMinimum mortality temperatureMortality burdenPuerto RicoRelative riskEpidemiological evidenceMortality countsMortality temperatureDeath rateSmall Island Developing StatesCaribbean Small Island Developing StatesVulnerable municipalitiesHeat-related death ratesDiscrepancies between Personal and Ambient Temperatures at Hourly Scale: Insights from Wearable Sensors and Environmental Modeling
Meng X, Lee M, Chu L, Nam S, Chen K. Discrepancies between Personal and Ambient Temperatures at Hourly Scale: Insights from Wearable Sensors and Environmental Modeling. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2025, 12: 1154-1161. DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00672.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPersonal exposureHourly scaleAssessment of personal exposureHour of dayLinear mixed-effects modelsCooler monthsDiurnal biasHealth impactsAmbient exposureHourly differencesEarly afternoonEnvironmental modelsMixed-effects modelsSolar radiationDiurnal patternEnvironmental factorsTemperature modelHigh-resolutionAccurate assessmentAmbient temperatureTemperature differenceExposurePerson's temperatureAmbient temperature modelRacial and ethnic disparities in exposure to short-term NO2 air pollution in California during 1980–2022
Liu R, Chu L, Rogne T, Ma X, Chen K. Racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to short-term NO2 air pollution in California during 1980–2022. Journal Of Hazardous Materials 2025, 496: 139309. PMID: 40695125, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShort-term NO2 exposure anChemical transport model outputExposure to ambient nitrogen dioxideNO2 air pollutionAmbient nitrogen dioxideTransport model outputAir pollutionNitrogen dioxideSpatiotemporal variationsIsland groupsCoefficient of determinationStudy periodModel outputAlaskaConcentrationGeospatial dataExposureCaliforniaEnvironmental justice literaturePollutionDisparities in NO2-related health burden prevalent across race-ethnicity and income groups in the United States
Chu L, Ma Y, Zang E, Huang L, Chen K. Disparities in NO2-related health burden prevalent across race-ethnicity and income groups in the United States. One Earth 2025, 101387. DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101387.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigh-income countiesRace-EthnicityNon-Hispanic black populationHealth burdenRacial-ethnic disparitiesRace-ethnic groupsIncome groupsLow-income countiesQuasi-Poisson regressionRacial-ethnic minoritiesMortality disparitiesUnited StatesHealthcare strategiesMortality burdenDescriptive statisticsRelative riskDisparitiesBlack populationNO2 exposureBurdenMortality rateCountyIncomeTargeted policiesMortalityFire Smoke Elevated the Carbonaceous PM2.5 Concentration and Mortality Burden in the Contiguous U.S. and Southern Canada
Jin Z, Ferrada G, Zhang D, Scovronick N, Fu J, Chen K, Liu Y. Fire Smoke Elevated the Carbonaceous PM2.5 Concentration and Mortality Burden in the Contiguous U.S. and Southern Canada. Environmental Science And Technology 2025, 59: 12196-12210. PMID: 40504638, PMCID: PMC12199464, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c01641.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWildland fire smokeElemental carbonOrganic carbonContiguous U.S.Fire smokeSouthern CanadaImpact of fine particulate matterFine particulate matterBackground air qualityHealth impactsNon-accidental deathsPrescribed firePM2.5 concentrationsWildfire seasonFuture health burdenParticulate matterAir qualityWildlandMonetized damagesSouthwestern CanadaMonthly scaleFireModel resultsWildfireCanadaJoint Exposure to Ozone and Temperature and Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years in the United States
Chu L, Wang R, Gross C, Wei J, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Ma X, Chen K. Joint Exposure to Ozone and Temperature and Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years in the United States. Circulation 2025, 152: 246-256. PMID: 40458867, PMCID: PMC12303734, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.073614.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIncident acute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarctionIncreased oddsRisk of acute myocardial infarctionHigher risk of acute myocardial infarctionProbability of acute myocardial infarctionOccurrence of acute myocardial infarctionRandom-effects meta-analysisCase-crossover studyMultivariate random-effects meta-analysisExposure to ozoneRegion-specific estimatesMyocardial infarctionStatistical interaction termsAmbient ozone pollutionPrevention strategiesUnited StatesJoint exposureMeta-analysisAdult ageYoung adultsHigh riskAdultsOddsInteraction termsProlonged health risks following floods
Chu L, Chen K. Prolonged health risks following floods. Nature Water 2025, 3: 516-517. DOI: 10.1038/s44221-025-00442-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEstimating the Effects of Hypothetical Ambient PM2.5 Interventions on the Risk of Dementia Using the Parametric g-Formula in the UK Biobank Cohort
Lin C, Liu R, Sutton C, DeWan A, Forastiere L, Chen K. Estimating the Effects of Hypothetical Ambient PM2.5 Interventions on the Risk of Dementia Using the Parametric g-Formula in the UK Biobank Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2025, 133: 047007. PMID: 40062909, PMCID: PMC12010936, DOI: 10.1289/ehp14723.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of dementiaParametric g-formulaUK Biobank cohortG-formulaBiobank cohortLate lifeFree of dementiaUK Biobank participantsModifiable risk factorsParticulate matterAerodynamic diameter <Annual average standardBiobank participantsHypothetical interventionAmbient particulate matterNo interventionDementiaRisk differenceInterventionRisk factorsHealth benefitsPotential health benefitsCohortRiskParticipantsFloods and cause-specific mortality in the United States applying a triply robust approach
Chu L, Warren J, Spatz E, Lowe S, Lu Y, Ma X, Ross J, Krumholz H, Chen K. Floods and cause-specific mortality in the United States applying a triply robust approach. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 2853. PMID: 40122917, PMCID: PMC11930965, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58236-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCDC's National Center for Health StatisticsNational Center for Health StatisticsCause-specific mortality ratesCenter for Health StatisticsCause-specific mortalityHealth impacts of floodingExcess all-cause deathsLong-term health risksFlood daysLong-term associationDeath recordsHealth StatisticsConfounder adjustmentExternal causesStorm Events DatabaseAll-cause deathHealth impactsImpact of floodsPropensity scorePost‐flood yearMortality rateMyocardial infarctionPost-floodContiguous U.S.Respiratory diseaseShort-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter and cause-specific mortality: A causal modeling approach in four regions
Marb A, Ma Y, Nobile F, Dubrow R, Kinney P, Stafoggia M, Chen K, Peters A, Breitner S. Short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter and cause-specific mortality: A causal modeling approach in four regions. Environmental Pollution 2025, 372: 126059. PMID: 40089139, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchParticulate matterAir pollutionDaily NO2 anShort-term air pollution exposureNitrogen dioxideDaily air pollution dataExposure to NO2Effects of air pollutionShort-term exposure to NO2 anFine particulate matterTwo-pollutant modelsExposure to ambient nitrogen dioxideAmbient air pollutionAmbient particulate matterAir pollution dataAir pollution exposureCause-specific mortality ratesAmbient nitrogen dioxideRural populationCause-specific mortalityRespiratory mortality ratesMortality rateCause-specific deathCardiovascular mortality ratesPollution exposureEffect of Air Pollution Reductions on Mortality During the COVID-19 Lockdowns in Early 2020.
Chen K, Ma Y, Marb A, Nobile F, Dubrow R, Stafoggia M, Breitner S, Kinney P. Effect of Air Pollution Reductions on Mortality During the COVID-19 Lockdowns in Early 2020. Research Report 2025, 2025: 1-47. PMID: 40551404, PMCID: PMC12185919.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAir pollution changesAir pollutionPollution changesShort-term exposure to PM2.5Air qualityExposure to PM2.5Natural-causeMeteorological normalization techniqueFine particulate matterDaily air pollutionImprove air qualityAir pollutant emissionsAir pollution reductionEmission control strategiesSouthern ItalyQuantify changesAir pollution-mortality relationshipPollution-mortality relationshipCOVID-19 lockdownShort-term exposureNOParticulate matterMeteorological impactsNitrogen dioxidePollution reductionShort‐Term Associations Between Ambient Ozone and Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset Among Younger Patients: Results From the VIRGO Study
Zhang S, Chu L, Lu Y, Wei J, Dubrow R, Chaudhry S, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Chen K. Short‐Term Associations Between Ambient Ozone and Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset Among Younger Patients: Results From the VIRGO Study. GeoHealth 2025, 9: e2024gh001234. PMID: 39968338, PMCID: PMC11833228, DOI: 10.1029/2024gh001234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute myocardial infarction subtypeShort-term associationsAcute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarction onsetAMI riskEffect modificationAssociated with increased AMI riskParticipant's home addressNon-Hispanic blacksNon-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarctionNon-Hispanic whitesCase-crossover designType 1 AMIConditional logistic regressionIncreased AMI riskMyocardial infarction onsetType 2 AMIAcute myocardial infarction patientsST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarctionLifestyle factorsSociodemographic statusHome addressUS hospitalsStratified analysisSpatiotemporal deep learning approachEnvironMental Health: A Framework for an Emerging Field at the Intersection of the Environment and Mental Health Crises
Ratjen L, Goddard E, Gilcher E, Nguyen B, Kelley M, Feldman H, Akalaonu K, Nyhan K, Backhaus A, Lascurain M, Wyrtzen N, Smith S, Prabhu M, Lowe S, Chen K, Zimmerman J, Anastas P. EnvironMental Health: A Framework for an Emerging Field at the Intersection of the Environment and Mental Health Crises. GeoHealth 2025, 9: e2024gh001254. PMID: 39958831, PMCID: PMC11826329, DOI: 10.1029/2024gh001254.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCognitive healthReview of reviewsMental health conditionsMental health crisisAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBehavioral healthMental healthHealth conditionsHealthPublic healthEconomic burdenWell-beingNeuropsychological healthHealth crisisSocial factorsContextual needsAttention-deficit/hyperactivityEnvironmental factorsGreen spacesHealthcareDementiaFunding strategiesConceptual frameworkFundingBurdenLong-term drought and risk of infant mortality in Africa: A cross-sectional study
Wang P, Rogne T, Warren J, Asare E, Akum R, Toure N, Ross J, Chen K. Long-term drought and risk of infant mortality in Africa: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Medicine 2025, 22: e1004516. PMID: 39888958, PMCID: PMC11785314, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004516.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of infant mortalityInfant mortality riskCross-sectional studyInfant mortalityMortality riskIncreased risk of infant mortalityIncreased risk of neonatal mortalityIncreased riskRisk of neonatal mortalityHealth Surveys ProgramPost-neonatal mortalityCox regression modelsStatistically significant associationChild healthGlobal burdenNon-casesNeonatal mortalitySignificant associationImpact mortalityNon-exposureSurvival periodRegression modelsPregnancyMortalityHealthThe Pathogenetic Link Between Ozone Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
Schneider A, Chen K, Breitner S. The Pathogenetic Link Between Ozone Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 622-624. PMID: 39846937, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.011.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2024
Ambient Temperature and Stroke Risk Among Adults Aged 18-64 Years A Case-Crossover Study
Chu L, Wang R, Gross C, Chen K, Ma X. Ambient Temperature and Stroke Risk Among Adults Aged 18-64 Years A Case-Crossover Study. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2024, 84: 2327-2331. PMID: 39453364, PMCID: PMC12060033, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.08.058.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLong-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States
Ma Y, Zang E, Liu Y, Wei J, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Bell M, Chen K. Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2024, 121: e2403960121. PMID: 39316057, PMCID: PMC11459178, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403960121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWildland firesContiguous United StatesNonaccidental mortalityExposure to ambient fine particlesSmoke PMWildland fire smokeMoving average concentrationsAmbient fine particlesLong-term exposureAverage concentrationSmoke PMHealth risksFine particlesFire smokeTemporal confoundingHealth effectsKidney disease mortalityChronic kidney disease mortalityPublic health actionFireMortality rateUnited StatesDisease mortalityHealth actionsMortality outcomesLandscape Fire Air Pollution as a Mediator in Drought and Childhood Stunting Pathway in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Li J, Wang P, Sutton C, Harker R, Xue T, Chen K. Landscape Fire Air Pollution as a Mediator in Drought and Childhood Stunting Pathway in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Environmental Science And Technology 2024, 58: 16728-16737. PMID: 39259849, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04307.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAir pollutionEnhance climate resilienceIncreased air pollutionIncreasing drought conditionsMiddle-income countriesHealth risksWildfireClimate resilienceChildhood stuntingRisk of childhood stuntingPollutionStandardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration IndexMixed-effects regressionDrought conditionsDroughtChild healthStunting riskPersonalized interventionsMiddle-incomeLandscapeIncreased riskMediation analysisStuntingLMICsFirePersonal and Social‐Built Environmental Factors of Glucose Variability Among Multiethnic Groups of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Research Protocol Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Continuous Glucose Monitoring, and Actigraphy
Nam S, Jeon S, Ash G, Weinzimer S, Dunton G, Parekh N, Grey M, Chen K, Lee M, Sajdlowska A, Whittemore R. Personal and Social‐Built Environmental Factors of Glucose Variability Among Multiethnic Groups of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Research Protocol Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Continuous Glucose Monitoring, and Actigraphy. Research In Nursing & Health 2024, 47: 608-619. PMID: 39243147, PMCID: PMC11934073, DOI: 10.1002/nur.22420.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEmotional Well-BeingType 2 diabetesImprove diabetes outcomesDietary recall dataWell-beingSelf-report toolMultilevel risk factorsEcological momentary assessmentLifestyle behaviorsOnline video callsContinuous glucose monitoringPhysical activityDiabetes outcomesGroup of adultsLifestyle factorsJust-in-time interventionsBaseline surveyDiverse adultsDiabetes InterventionsHigh-risk groupRecall dataMomentary assessmentActigraphy deviceStructural equation modelingGlucose monitoring
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