2025
Associations between PM2.5 exposure and birth outcomes and effect modification by extreme heat events during pregnancy in a North Carolina cohort
Krajewski A, Alman B, Vaidyanathan A, Warren J, Luben T, Rappazzo K. Associations between PM2.5 exposure and birth outcomes and effect modification by extreme heat events during pregnancy in a North Carolina cohort. Atmospheric Environment 2025, 362: 121500. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121500.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBirth outcomesPreterm birthPM2.5 exposureExposure to extreme heat eventsPoor health outcomesBirth registry dataEffect measure modificationAdverse birth outcomesInteraction termsNorth Carolina cohortEntire pregnancyHealth outcomesGeocoded addressesSingleton birthsMeasure modificationEffect modificationBirth recordsCensus tractsRegistry dataTLBWRisk differenceNeonatal mortalityEnvironmental exposuresExposure dataWeeks gestationTime-to-event analysis of preterm birth accounting for gestational age uncertainties
Zhang Y, Warren J, Hao H, Chang H. Time-to-event analysis of preterm birth accounting for gestational age uncertainties. The Annals Of Applied Statistics 2025, 19: 2155-2170. DOI: 10.1214/25-aoas2040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTime-varying exposureTime-to-event analysisMCMC algorithmGestational agePreterm birthSimulation studyConvergence assessmentObstetric estimateThird trimesterHealth effect estimatesPreterm birth risk factorsLMP-based gestational ageOverall preterm birth rateBirth risk factorsRisk of preterm birthPopulation-based studyThird trimester of pregnancyJoint estimationAnalysis of preterm birthGestational age misclassificationPreterm birth rateDiscrete-time hazard modelsTrimester of pregnancyOutcome misclassificationSupplementary materialsQuantifying disruptions to tuberculosis case detection in Brazilian states during the COVID-19 pandemic
Chitwood M, Menzies N, Bartholomay P, Pelissari D, de Barros Silva Júnior J, Harada L, Johansen F, Maciel E, Castro M, Sanchez M, Warren J, Cohen T. Quantifying disruptions to tuberculosis case detection in Brazilian states during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal Of Epidemiology 2025, 54: dyaf146. PMID: 40838691, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf146.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPre-pandemic levelsTB casesCase detectionCOVID-19 pandemicBrazilian healthcare systemTB notification ratesTB case detectionHealth system disruptionsTuberculosis case detectionCase detection rateMortality dataHealthcare systemIncident TBMeta-regression frameworkTB incidenceNotification ratesSymptomatic TBCase notificationCOVID-19TB controlTB diagnosisBrazilian statesPandemicCareIndividualsIntegrated Analysis of the 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineage Replacement Dynamics in Connecticut, US
Chen N, Pham K, Chaguza C, Lopes R, Klaassen F, Kalinich C, Initiative Y, Kerantzas N, Pandya S, Ferguson D, Schulz W, Weinberger D, Pitzer V, Warren J, Grubaugh N, Hahn A. Integrated Analysis of the 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineage Replacement Dynamics in Connecticut, US. Viruses 2025, 17: 1020. PMID: 40733636, PMCID: PMC12299087, DOI: 10.3390/v17071020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDominant lineageHost-pathogen dynamicsGenomic surveillance programsResponse to previous infectionsSequence dataVariant fitnessLineage replacementCopy numberDynamic fitness landscapesLineagesSARS-CoV-2Integrated analysisViral copy numberFitness landscapeReplacement dynamicsReproductive rateOmicron lineagesGrowth rateImmune escapeAntigen exposureVariant emergenceViral sheddingPrevious infectionEpidemiological dataInfectionPaternal and maternal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and birth outcomes: a multi-country cohort study
Guo P, Luo J, Zhang J, Bonde J, Struciński P, Ohniev V, Arah O, Deziel N, Warren J, Toft G, Liew Z. Paternal and maternal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and birth outcomes: a multi-country cohort study. Environmental Health 2025, 24: 48. PMID: 40652244, PMCID: PMC12255010, DOI: 10.1186/s12940-025-01199-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShort birth lengthAdverse birth outcomesBirth outcomesBirth lengthMulti-country cohort studyAntenatal care visitsAssociated with lower offspring birth weightParent-specific effectsPFAS exposureMaternal exposureBirth weightQuantile g-computationOffspring birth weightPrenatal PFAS exposureCare visitsResultsNo associationEffects of PFAS exposureG-computationLow birth weightCohort studyINUENDO cohortEffect sizeMedical recordsMethodsThis studyPaternal exposureA Bayesian Approach to the G‐Formula via Iterative Conditional Regression
Liu R, Hu L, Wilson F, Warren J, Li F. A Bayesian Approach to the G‐Formula via Iterative Conditional Regression. Statistics In Medicine 2025, 44: e70123. PMID: 40476299, PMCID: PMC12184534, DOI: 10.1002/sim.70123.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCausal effect estimationTime-varying covariatesModel misspecification biasBayesian approachReal world data examplesG-formulaAverage causal effect estimationTime-varying treatmentsBayesian additive regression treesAverage causal effectAdditive regression treesConditional expectationOutcome regressionConditional distributionJoint distributionData examplesPosterior distributionMisspecification biasParametric regressionSimulation studyEffect estimatesSampling algorithmAlgorithm formulaCausal effectsFlexible machine learning techniquesPerinatal Exposures to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Risk of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Deziel N, Wang R, Warren J, Dinauer C, Ogilvie J, Clark C, Zhong C, Wiemels J, Morimoto L, Metayer C, Ma X. Perinatal Exposures to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Risk of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 2025, 133: 057026. PMID: 40209106, PMCID: PMC12121722, DOI: 10.1289/ehp14849.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAir PollutantsCaliforniaCarcinoma, PapillaryCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLightingMaleParticulate MatterPregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsRisk FactorsThyroid Cancer, PapillaryThyroid NeoplasmsYoung AdultConceptsThyroid cancer riskOutdoor artificial lightAmbient fine particulate matterCancer riskOdds ratioAge groupsConfidence intervalsExposure to ambient fine particulate matterIndividual-level exposuresAssociated with thyroid cancerPediatric thyroid cancer incidenceControls frequency-matchedPapillary thyroid cancer riskThyroid cancer incidenceFine particulate matterCalifornia birth cohortOutdoor air pollutionAerodynamic diameter <Case-control studyHypothesized risk factorsStatistically significant associationCancer incidenceThyroid cancerExposure tertilesFrequency-matchedPreterm and early-term delivery after heat waves in eight US states: A case-crossover study using the High-resolution Urban Meteorology for Impacts Dataset (HUMID).
Fitch A, Huang M, Strickland M, Newman A, Kalb C, Warren J, Zheng X, Chang H, Darrow L. Preterm and early-term delivery after heat waves in eight US states: A case-crossover study using the High-resolution Urban Meteorology for Impacts Dataset (HUMID). Environmental Health Perspectives 2025 PMID: 40392097, DOI: 10.1289/ehp15953.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEarly-term birthEarly-termAssociated with earlier birthEarly-term deliveryPreterm birth ORSingleton pretermPreterm birthPretermPooled ORHeat wavesPooled resultsOdds ratioInverse-variance weightingUrban meteorologyEarly birthBirthImpact datasetsMean temperatureElevated oddsThreshold categoriesVital recordsCase-crossover studyORAcute relationshipsSurface temperature dataClassification of unsequenced Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in a high-burden setting using a pairwise logistic regression approach
Rancu I, Sobkowiak B, Warren J, Ciobanu N, Codreanu A, Crudu V, Colijn C, Cohen T, Chitwood M. Classification of unsequenced Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in a high-burden setting using a pairwise logistic regression approach. Access Microbiology 2025, 7: 000964.v3. PMID: 40519974, PMCID: PMC12163731, DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000964.v3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWhole-genome sequencing dataSequence dataTransmission inferenceMolecular epidemiological studiesMycobacterium tuberculosis strainsTuberculosis strainsHigh-burden settingsFraction of individualsCulture-positive diseaseStrainTransmission clustersFraction of casesLow-burden settingsSNPsForeign-born migrantsTransmission dynamicsSequenceTuberculosis casesMycobacteriaClustersNotified tuberculosisHeat Waves and Early Birth: Exploring Vulnerability by Individual‐ and Area‐Level Factors
Fitch A, Huang M, Strickland M, Newman A, Kalb C, Warren J, Kelley S, Zheng X, Chang H, Darrow L. Heat Waves and Early Birth: Exploring Vulnerability by Individual‐ and Area‐Level Factors. GeoHealth 2025, 9: e2025gh001348. PMID: 40271078, PMCID: PMC12015208, DOI: 10.1029/2025gh001348.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchZip code tabulation areasArea-level factorsEarly term birthSocial deprivationSocial deprivation indexHigh social deprivationTerm birthsCase-crossover designState vital recordsInverse-variance weightingDeprivation indexSocioeconomic disadvantageHealth outcomesMaternal residenceHeat wave exposureMaternal educationVital recordsExposure windowsOdds ratioArea levelIndividual-levelMaternal ageBirth riskPositive associationSchool educationIntegrating genomic and spatial analyses to describe tuberculosis transmission: a scoping review
Lan Y, Rancu I, Chitwood M, Sobkowiak B, Nyhan K, Lin H, Wu C, Mathema B, Brown T, Colijn C, Warren J, Cohen T. Integrating genomic and spatial analyses to describe tuberculosis transmission: a scoping review. The Lancet Microbe 2025, 6: 101094. PMID: 40228509, PMCID: PMC12371702, DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101094.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsGenome sequencing approachGenetic similarityGenomic dataSequencing approachGenotyping methodsPathogen geneticsGenetic methodsPathogen sequencesSampling completenessTuberculosis isolatesTransmission patternsTuberculosis casesPathogensTuberculosis transmissionM tuberculosis isolatesInfection-related mortalityEnvironmental factorsTuberculosis transmission dynamicsSpatial proximityTransmission clustersGenomeSpatial patternsTuberculosisTransmission dynamicsGeneticsDistribution and transmission of M. tuberculosis in a high-HIV prevalence city in Malawi: A genomic and spatial analysis
Chitwood M, Corbett E, Ndhlovu V, Sobkowiak B, Colijn C, Andrews J, Burke R, Cudahy P, Dodd P, Imai-Eaton J, Engelthaler D, Folkerts M, Feasey H, Lan Y, Lewis J, McNichol J, Menzies N, Chipungu G, Nliwasa M, Weinberger D, Warren J, Salomon J, MacPherson P, Cohen T. Distribution and transmission of M. tuberculosis in a high-HIV prevalence city in Malawi: A genomic and spatial analysis. PLOS Global Public Health 2025, 5: e0004040. PMID: 40173177, PMCID: PMC11964229, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigh HIV prevalence citiesTime of tuberculosisPoor health outcomesCity-wide interventionsTransmission of M. tuberculosisHealth outcomesTargeted interventionsHighest tuberculosis burdenTargeted screeningGeneral populationGeographic concentrationSurveillance dataCommunity characteristicsTuberculosis burdenLocal tacticsBlantyreWhole-genome sequencingInfectious tuberculosisCulture-positive tuberculosis casesInterventionMalawiSustained impactTreated individualsCityEvidence of local transmissionChanges in incarceration and tuberculosis notifications from prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and the Americas: a time-series analysis of national surveillance data
Zheng A, Faust L, Harries A, Avedillo P, Akodu M, Galvan M, Barreto-Duarte B, Andrade B, Ugarte-Gil C, Garcia-Basteiro A, Espinal M, Warren J, Martinez L. Changes in incarceration and tuberculosis notifications from prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and the Americas: a time-series analysis of national surveillance data. The Lancet Public Health 2025, 10: e285-e294. PMID: 40175010, PMCID: PMC11962358, DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00325-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrison populationCOVID-19 pandemicPrisonIncarcerationTuberculosis notificationsPan American Health OrganizationNotificationCOVID-19WHO EuropeEuropePandemic yearCountriesAffected peoplePandemicTime series analysisAmericaWorld regionsAnalysis of national surveillance dataHealth OrganizationCOVID-19 pandemic yearPeoplePaternal and Maternal Exposures to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Child Behavioral Difficulties: A Parental Comparison Study
Guo P, Luo J, Zhang J, Bonde J, Struciński P, Ohniev V, Arah O, Deziel N, Warren J, Toft G, Liew Z. Paternal and Maternal Exposures to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Child Behavioral Difficulties: A Parental Comparison Study. Environmental Science And Technology 2025, 59: 5973-5982. PMID: 40104843, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBehavioral difficultiesAssociated with internalizing difficultiesStrengths and Difficulties QuestionnaireChildren's behavioral difficultiesSex-specific mannerSex-specific cut-offsExternalizing difficultiesMaternal PFASWeeks of gestationParent-rated Strengths and Difficulties QuestionnairePrenatal PFAS exposurePaternal exposurePolyfluoroalkyl substancesDifficulties QuestionnaireChild sexOffspring neurodevelopmentAssociated with behavioral difficultiesPrenatal exposureAntenatal clinicMaternal prenatal exposureINUENDO cohortAged 5Maternal exposurePerfluorononanoic acidDevelopmental toxicityAssessment of groundwater contamination risks from shale gas development in the Northern Appalachian Basin, USA
Soriano M, Wang C, Van Velden D, Lin S, Baker K, Warren J, Saiers J, Maxwell R. Assessment of groundwater contamination risks from shale gas development in the Northern Appalachian Basin, USA. 2025 DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu25-13979.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNorthern Appalachian BasinGroundwater contamination riskAppalachian BasinGas developmentSolute transport modelEnsemble simulation resultsExpansion of unconventional oilShale gas developmentContamination riskHydrological observationsGroundwater flowGroundwater wellsKm regionShale formationsParticle tracking simulationsWell locationsHydraulic fracturingHorizontal drillingTransport modelUnconventional oilUnconventional wellsGeospatial dataMultiple realizationsMultiple contaminant sourcesContamination sourcesRace, wealth and health: The role of reparations
Whittaker S, Hyacinthe M, Keene D, Dulin A, Kershaw T, Warren J. Race, wealth and health: The role of reparations. Social Science & Medicine 2025, 373: 117963. PMID: 40168833, PMCID: PMC12147558, DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117963.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRacial health gapsGeneral healthHealth gapPredictors of self-rated healthReport adverse health outcomesPredictors of general healthSelf-rated healthBlack respondentsExcellent/very good healthAssociated with healthMulti-level regression modelsAdverse health outcomesJustice interventionsReparation paymentsNational Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979Dismantle systems of oppressionHealth outcomesHealth variablesPhysical healthMental healthAssess raceNational Longitudinal SurveyRacial wealth gapSystems of oppressionHealth measuresGlobal estimates of rotavirus vaccine efficacy and effectiveness: a rapid review and meta-regression analysis
Prunas O, Asare E, Sajewski E, Li Y, Pithawala Z, Weinberger D, Warren J, Armah G, Cunliffe N, Iturriza-Gómara M, Lopman B, Pitzer V. Global estimates of rotavirus vaccine efficacy and effectiveness: a rapid review and meta-regression analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2025, 81: 103122. PMID: 40115174, PMCID: PMC11925534, DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103122.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRotavirus-associated gastroenteritisRotavirus vaccine efficacyPredicting vaccine efficacyVaccine efficacyVaccine effectivenessVaccine performanceNational rotavirus immunization programImpact of rotavirus vaccinationRotavirus immunization programAffecting young childrenBill &Meta-regression analysisRandomized Controlled TrialsSystematic review of studiesEstimates of vaccine effectivenessRotavirus morbidityMelinda Gates FoundationRotavirus vaccineCohort studyLicensed vaccinesVaccine trialsDecreased efficacyControlled TrialsCase-controlLow-income settingsEstimated Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Xu H, Aparicio C, Wats A, Araujo B, Pitzer V, Warren J, Shapiro E, Niccolai L, Weinberger D, Oliveira C. Estimated Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e250380. PMID: 40063022, PMCID: PMC11894488, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0380.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRSV-positive casesCase-control studyRSV infectionLRTI-associated hospitalizationsWeeks postimmunizationLong-acting monoclonal antibodiesTest-negative case-control studyClinical settingRespiratory syncytial virusMultivariate logistic regressionYale New Haven Health SystemRSV diseaseEmergency department dataState immunization registryRSV seasonSyncytial virusNirsevimabPolymerase chain reactionClinical trialsLRTIInfantsPotential confoundersMonoclonal antibodiesBroader outcomesDisease severityEstimating the Serotype-Specific Association Between the Concentration of Vaccine-Induced Serum Antibodies and Protection Against Pneumococcal Colonization
Wong A, Warren J, Fitch L, Perniciaro S, Dagan R, Weinberger D. Estimating the Serotype-Specific Association Between the Concentration of Vaccine-Induced Serum Antibodies and Protection Against Pneumococcal Colonization. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2025, 232: e27-e34. PMID: 40036886, PMCID: PMC12308679, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigher-valent PCVsPneumococcal conjugate vaccinePneumococcal colonizationVaccine-induced serum antibodiesRisk of colonizationSerum immunoglobulin GRandomized Controlled TrialsConjugate vaccinePCV13Clinical trialsSerum IgGImmune responseVaccinated childrenSevere diseaseVaccine effectivenessSerum antibodiesPCV20Serotype-specificImmunoglobulin GSerotypesColonIndirect protectionIgGVaccineTrialsAssociation between city-level sociodemographic and health factors and the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea in the US, 2000–2019: a spatial–temporal modeling study
Li J, Murray-Watson R, St Cyr S, Grad Y, Warren J, Yaesoubi R. Association between city-level sociodemographic and health factors and the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea in the US, 2000–2019: a spatial–temporal modeling study. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2025, 43: 101006. PMID: 39968293, PMCID: PMC11834109, DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2025.101006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGonococcal Isolate Surveillance ProjectAssociated with higher prevalenceAntimicrobial-resistantPenicillin resistancePrevalence of ciprofloxacin resistancePrevalence of tetracycline resistanceTetracycline resistanceHealth factorsDrug susceptibility testingResistant to ciprofloxacinSexually-transmitted diseases clinicSurveillance systemPrevalence of HIVHighest incidence of gonorrhoeaIncidence of gonorrheaSentinel surveillance systemProportion of isolatesAMR surveillance systemUS National Institutes of HealthCiprofloxacin resistanceSymptomatic menUrethral gonorrhoeaSusceptibility testingPopulation-level riskDisease clinic
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