2025
Moving Beyond the Model Our Perspective on Meaningful AI Research in Cardiovascular Care
Jain S, Mortazavi B, Chan You S, Yao X, Lam C, Elias P, Poterucha T, Avram R, Tison G, Pirruccello J, Huang C, Wiens J, Schwamm L, Ruan X, Dunn J, Luo Y, Spatz E, Krumholz H. Moving Beyond the Model Our Perspective on Meaningful AI Research in Cardiovascular Care. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 86: 691-695. PMID: 40903130, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.07.040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCoronary Artery Disease–Based Polygenic Risk Score in Early-Onset Acute Myocardial Infarction Subtypes
Dong W, Lu Y, Li S, Sawano M, Caraballo C, Liu Y, Khera A, Philippakis A, Dreyer R, Lichtman J, D'Onofrio G, Spatz E, Herrington D, Post W, Rich S, Rotter J, Krumholz H. Coronary Artery Disease–Based Polygenic Risk Score in Early-Onset Acute Myocardial Infarction Subtypes. JACC Advances 2025, 4: 101994. PMID: 40712269, PMCID: PMC12311502, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101994.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute myocardial infarction subtypePolygenic risk scoresAcute myocardial infarctionRisk of acute myocardial infarctionRisk scoreCoronary artery diseaseAssociated with acute myocardial infarctionEstimated riskAssociated with higher riskAssociated with MIAcute myocardial infarction patientsMultinomial logistic regressionArtery diseaseNonobstructive coronary artery diseaseLogistic regressionFemale-to-male ratioYoung adultsCox regressionHigh riskInfarction subtypesYoung individualsMyocardial infarctionEarly-onsetScoresSexHypertension Prevalence, Awareness, and Control in US Adults Before and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Essa M, Malik D, Lu Y, Yang H, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Faridi K. Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, and Control in US Adults Before and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Journal Of Clinical Hypertension 2025, 27: e70093. PMID: 40685707, PMCID: PMC12277530, DOI: 10.1111/jch.70093.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypertension prevalencePrevalence ratiosUS adultsAge-standardized prevalence estimatesAggressive public health effortsPublic health effortsPre-pandemicControl of hypertensionCOVID-19 pandemicHypertension awarenessHealth effortsPoisson regressionImpact of hypertensionPost-pandemicPrevalence estimatesNHANES dataNationwide prevalenceCause of deathUnited StatesBlood pressure controlNational trendsPrevalenceCOVID-19AdultsHypertensionLipid-Lowering Therapy in the U.S. Adults Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Essa M, Malik D, Lu Y, Yang H, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Faridi K. Lipid-Lowering Therapy in the U.S. Adults Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. JACC Advances 2025, 4: 101872. PMID: 40513221, PMCID: PMC12205634, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101872.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTrends and Key Factors Associated With Racial and Ethnic Differences in Life’s Essential 8 Scores
Yang H, Huang C, Sawano M, Herrin J, Faridi K, Li Z, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Trends and Key Factors Associated With Racial and Ethnic Differences in Life’s Essential 8 Scores. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2516663. PMID: 40531529, PMCID: PMC12177675, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16663.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLife's Essential 8 scoreLife's Essential 8Cross-sectional studyWhite differencesEthnic differencesNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveySleep health scoreNutrition Examination SurveyGroup-specific interventionsPrimary positive factorPhysical activityExamination SurveyHealth scoresBlack adultsWhite adultsMain OutcomesAsian adultsOverall scoreEvaluate trendsNicotine exposureEssential 8Blood lipidsAdultsEthnic groups10-Year and 30-Year Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. Population
Faridi K, Malik D, Essa M, Yang H, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. 10-Year and 30-Year Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. Population. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 2239-2249. PMID: 40499978, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.546.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of cardiovascular diseaseAtherosclerotic CVDU.S. adultsU.S. populationHispanic adultsCardiovascular diseaseCVD riskLong-term riskNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveyRisk of atherosclerotic CVDElevated 10-year riskLong-term risk of cardiovascular diseaseAdults aged >Nutrition Examination SurveyTotal cardiovascular diseaseRisk factor profileRisk of total cardiovascular diseaseSurvey-weighted prevalenceMiddle-aged adultsPrevent Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart failureExamination SurveyAge-standardizedBlack adultsTrends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2018
Lu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Caraballo C, Massey D, Mahajan S, Spatz E, Herrin J, Krumholz H. Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2018. JACC Advances 2025, 4: 101785. PMID: 40373521, PMCID: PMC12144450, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101785.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLipid-lowering medication useRacial/ethnic disparitiesMedication useMetS prevalenceRacial/Ethnic DifferencesHispanic individualsAge-standardized prevalence estimatesNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveyBlack individualsPersistent racial/ethnic disparitiesFasting GlucoseNutrition Examination SurveyRelationship of metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndromePrescription drug useNationally representative dataExamination SurveyMetS componentsWaist circumferenceEligible individualsTreatment gapRacial/ethnic subgroupsU.S. adultsPrevalence estimatesBLOOD PRESSURE AND MORTALITY IN THE ADULTS AGED 80 OR OLDER: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL SURVEYS IN THE UNITED STATES
Yang H, Huang C, Sawano M, Herrin J, Li Z, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. BLOOD PRESSURE AND MORTALITY IN THE ADULTS AGED 80 OR OLDER: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL SURVEYS IN THE UNITED STATES. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 436. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(25)00920-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRole of Cardiovascular Disease Journals in Reporting Sex and Gender in Research
Merz C, Bonow R, Carnethon M, Crea F, Hill J, Krumholz H, Mehran R, Spatz E. Role of Cardiovascular Disease Journals in Reporting Sex and Gender in Research. Circulation 2025, 151: 1211-1212. PMID: 40152712, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.125.074517.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFloods and cause-specific mortality in the United States applying a triply robust approach
Chu L, Warren J, Spatz E, Lowe S, Lu Y, Ma X, Ross J, Krumholz H, Chen K. Floods and cause-specific mortality in the United States applying a triply robust approach. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 2853. PMID: 40122917, PMCID: PMC11930965, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58236-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCDC's National Center for Health StatisticsNational Center for Health StatisticsCause-specific mortality ratesCenter for Health StatisticsCause-specific mortalityHealth impacts of floodingExcess all-cause deathsLong-term health risksFlood daysLong-term associationDeath recordsHealth StatisticsConfounder adjustmentExternal causesStorm Events DatabaseAll-cause deathHealth impactsImpact of floodsPropensity scorePost‐flood yearMortality rateMyocardial infarctionPost-floodContiguous U.S.Respiratory diseaseSystolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Mortality in U.S. Adults Aged 80+ Taking Antihypertensive Medications
Yang H, Huang C, Sawano M, Herrin J, Chen G, Li Z, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Mortality in U.S. Adults Aged 80+ Taking Antihypertensive Medications. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 1455-1458. PMID: 40100170, PMCID: PMC12045553, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.01.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchShort‐Term Associations Between Ambient Ozone and Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset Among Younger Patients: Results From the VIRGO Study
Zhang S, Chu L, Lu Y, Wei J, Dubrow R, Chaudhry S, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Chen K. Short‐Term Associations Between Ambient Ozone and Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset Among Younger Patients: Results From the VIRGO Study. GeoHealth 2025, 9: e2024gh001234. PMID: 39968338, PMCID: PMC11833228, DOI: 10.1029/2024gh001234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute myocardial infarction subtypeShort-term associationsAcute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarction onsetAMI riskEffect modificationAssociated with increased AMI riskParticipant's home addressNon-Hispanic blacksNon-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarctionNon-Hispanic whitesCase-crossover designType 1 AMIConditional logistic regressionIncreased AMI riskMyocardial infarction onsetType 2 AMIAcute myocardial infarction patientsST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarctionLifestyle factorsSociodemographic statusHome addressUS hospitalsStratified analysisSpatiotemporal deep learning approachDepression and Low Social Support Mediate the Association of Marital Stress and 12-Month Cardiac-Specific Quality of Life in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Zhu C, Dreyer R, Li F, Spatz E, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Raparelli V, Leifheit E, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Spertus J, D’Onofrio G, Pilote L, Lichtman J. Depression and Low Social Support Mediate the Association of Marital Stress and 12-Month Cardiac-Specific Quality of Life in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biopsychosocial Science And Medicine 2025, 87: 129-137. PMID: 39909011, DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001363.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow social supportCardiac-specific quality of lifeNatural direct effectSocial supportMonths post-AMIQuality of lifeAcute myocardial infarctionMarital stressComprehensive secondary preventive strategySignificant depressive symptomsPost-AMISecondary prevention strategiesYoung adultsMyocardial infarctionSociodemographic factorsDepressive symptomsAMI survivorsCovariate adjustmentPrevention strategiesSelf-ReportContinuous scoresQoLBaseline QOLCategorical depressionDepressionA failure to launch: blood pressure control after stroke in a regional health system
Forman R, Xin X, Kim C, Kernan W, Sheth K, Krumholz H, de Havenon A, Spatz E, Lu Y. A failure to launch: blood pressure control after stroke in a regional health system. Journal Of Hypertension 2025, 43: 715-718. PMID: 39995224, PMCID: PMC12046530, DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003961.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYale New Haven Health SystemRegional health systemHealth systemSystolic blood pressureDiastolic blood pressureMonths post strokeAverage proportion of patientsBP controlPost strokeBlood pressureProfessional visitsPrimary outcomeBlood pressure controlProportion of patientsAverage proportionVisitsSBP valuesEpic systemPressure controlStrokePatientsGlobal budgetNavigating the 2024 ESC Hypertension Guidelines What Is New, Context, and Future Directions
Lu Y, Spatz E, Krumholz H. Navigating the 2024 ESC Hypertension Guidelines What Is New, Context, and Future Directions. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 556-559. PMID: 39745405, PMCID: PMC12046609, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.10.114.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2024
Utilizing the Electronic Health Record to Evaluate Lipoprotein(a) Testing Within a Large Regional Health System
Faridi K, Wu Q, Kim C, Spatz E, Desai N, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Utilizing the Electronic Health Record to Evaluate Lipoprotein(a) Testing Within a Large Regional Health System. JACC Advances 2024, 4: 101441. PMID: 39720580, PMCID: PMC11666933, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101441.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFloods and cause-specific mortality in the United States during 2001-2020
Chu L, Warren J, Spatz E, Lowe S, Lu Y, Ma X, Ross J, Krumholz H, Chen K. Floods and cause-specific mortality in the United States during 2001-2020. ISEE Conference Abstracts 2024, 2024 DOI: 10.1289/isee.2024.1705.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrioritizing the Exposome to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Burden
Spatz E, Chen K, Krumholz H. Prioritizing the Exposome to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Burden. JAMA Cardiology 2024, 9: 163-164. PMID: 37955872, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4722.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAssociation of marital/partner status with hospital readmission among young adults with acute myocardial infarction.
Zhu C, Dreyer R, Li F, Spatz E, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Raparelli V, Leifheit E, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Spertus J, D'Onofrio G, Pilote L, Lichtman J. Association of marital/partner status with hospital readmission among young adults with acute myocardial infarction. PLOS ONE 2024, 19: e0287949. PMID: 38277368, PMCID: PMC10817183, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287949.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMarital/partner statusPsychosocial factorsAcute myocardial infarctionYoung adultsHospital dischargeYear of hospital dischargeYoung acute myocardial infarctionAssociated with 1.3-foldCohort of young adultsLong-term readmissionCox proportional hazards modelsStatus interactionSimilar-aged menMyocardial infarctionProportional hazards modelUnpartnered statusPatient interviewsPhysician panelCardiovascular healthHospital readmissionSocioeconomic factorsAMI survivorsSequential adjustmentCardiac readmissionMultiple imputation
2023
National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020
Lu Y, Liu Y, Dhingra L, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Massey D, Spatz E, Sharma R, Rodriguez F, Watson K, Masoudi F, Krumholz H. National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2345964. PMID: 38039001, PMCID: PMC10692850, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45964.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseHistory of ASCVDCross-sectional studyLifestyle modificationPharmacological medicationsOptimal careCurrent careUS adultsEthnic differencesWhite individualsGuideline-recommended therapiesTotal cholesterol controlNon-Hispanic white individualsNutrition Examination SurveyLatino individualsQuality of careSelf-reported raceStatin useRecommended TherapiesSecondary preventionCholesterol controlOptimal regimensSmoking cessationEligible participantsExamination Survey
This site is protected by hCaptcha and its Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply