2025
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Health Care Expenditures Among Patients Prescribed Semaglutide
Lu Y, Liu Y, Totojani T, Kim C, Khera R, Xu H, Brush J, Krumholz H, Abaluck J. Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Health Care Expenditures Among Patients Prescribed Semaglutide. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2526013. PMID: 40779264, PMCID: PMC12334959, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth care expendituresCardiovascular risk factorsCare expendituresCohort studyRisk factorsYale New Haven Health SystemCohort study of adultsType 2 diabetes statusLong-term impactStudy of adultsHealth systemRetrospective cohort studyBlood pressureHemoglobin A1c reductionMain OutcomesTotal cholesterolSentara HealthcareInpatient staySecondary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsPrimary outcomeHealthPeptide-1 receptor agonistsAssociated with clinical outcomesAssociated with reductionsIdentification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on electrocardiographic images with deep learning
Sangha V, Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Croon P, Sikand N, Sen S, Martinez M, Maron M, Krumholz H, Asselbergs F, Oikonomou E, Khera R. Identification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on electrocardiographic images with deep learning. Nature Cardiovascular Research 2025, 4: 991-1000. PMID: 40696040, DOI: 10.1038/s44161-025-00685-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHypertension Prevalence, Awareness, and Control in US Adults Before and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Essa M, Malik D, Lu Y, Yang H, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Faridi K. Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, and Control in US Adults Before and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Journal Of Clinical Hypertension 2025, 27: e70093. PMID: 40685707, PMCID: PMC12277530, DOI: 10.1111/jch.70093.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypertension prevalencePrevalence ratiosUS adultsAge-standardized prevalence estimatesAggressive public health effortsPublic health effortsPre-pandemicControl of hypertensionCOVID-19 pandemicHypertension awarenessHealth effortsPoisson regressionImpact of hypertensionPost-pandemicPrevalence estimatesNHANES dataNationwide prevalenceCause of deathUnited StatesBlood pressure controlNational trendsPrevalenceCOVID-19AdultsHypertensionDelayed Hypertension Diagnosis and Its Association With Cardiovascular Treatment and Outcomes
Lu Y, Brush J, Kim C, Liu Y, Xin X, Huang C, Sawano M, Young P, McPadden J, Anderson M, Burrows J, Asher J, Krumholz H. Delayed Hypertension Diagnosis and Its Association With Cardiovascular Treatment and Outcomes. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2520498. PMID: 40658418, PMCID: PMC12261005, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.20498.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsHypertension diagnosisIntegrated health care systemHazard ratioNon-Hispanic black raceAntihypertensive medication prescribingMedication prescription ratesClinical diagnosis of hypertensionHealth care systemCardiovascular outcomesRisk of myocardial infarctionCox proportional hazards regression modelsAssociated with younger ageOutpatient blood pressureBlood pressureCardiovascular riskProportional hazards regression modelsAntihypertensive medication prescriptionsDiagnosis of hypertensionMultivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modelsAssociated with delayHazards regression modelsMedication prescribingHealth recordsNon-HispanicMarginalized Neighborhoods and Health Outcomes in Younger Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Akioyamen L, Sivaswamy A, Haldenby O, Abdel-Qadir H, Sud M, Alter D, Atzema C, Austin P, Jackevicius C, Kapral M, Krumholz H, Tu K, Wijeysundera H, Ko D. Marginalized Neighborhoods and Health Outcomes in Younger Myocardial Infarction Survivors. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2518826. PMID: 40601315, PMCID: PMC12223890, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.18826.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionAMI survivorsUniversal health care systemCohort studyMarginalized neighborhoodsHealth service utilizationPopulation-based retrospective cohortPrimary care physiciansHealth care systemUniversal health careNeighbourhood marginalizationAdjusted hazard ratiosMyocardial infarction survivorsProportional hazards regression modelsAcute myocardial infarction patientsYears of follow-upNeighbourhood quintilesHazards regression modelsCare physiciansService utilizationHealth outcomesHealth careCare systemAdministrative databasesNeighborhood characteristicsImprovements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Weight Reduction: A Post Hoc Analysis of Adults With Obesity Randomly Assigned to Tirzepatide.
Linetzky B, Sattar N, Verma S, Krumholz H, Xie C, Hoffmann H, Zimner-Rapuch S, Torcello-Gómez A, Stefanski A. Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Weight Reduction: A Post Hoc Analysis of Adults With Obesity Randomly Assigned to Tirzepatide. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2025, 178: 1095-1105. PMID: 40550133, DOI: 10.7326/annals-24-02623.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiometabolic risk factorsBaseline to weekHemoglobin A1cHomeostatic model assessmentDiastolic blood pressureRisk factorsBlood pressureHemoglobin AWaist circumferenceHOMA-IRHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolMean body mass indexHomeostatic model assessment of insulin resistanceModel assessment of insulin resistanceWeight reductionAssessment of insulin resistanceLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolWeight-related complicationsDegree of weight reductionEvaluation of cardiovascular outcomesNon-HDL cholesterolBody mass indexLevels of triglyceridesSystolic blood pressurePost Hoc AnalysisTrends and Key Factors Associated With Racial and Ethnic Differences in Life’s Essential 8 Scores
Yang H, Huang C, Sawano M, Herrin J, Faridi K, Li Z, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Trends and Key Factors Associated With Racial and Ethnic Differences in Life’s Essential 8 Scores. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2516663. PMID: 40531529, PMCID: PMC12177675, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16663.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLife's Essential 8 scoreLife's Essential 8Cross-sectional studyWhite differencesEthnic differencesNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveySleep health scoreNutrition Examination SurveyGroup-specific interventionsPrimary positive factorPhysical activityExamination SurveyHealth scoresBlack adultsWhite adultsMain OutcomesAsian adultsOverall scoreEvaluate trendsNicotine exposureEssential 8Blood lipidsAdultsEthnic groups10-Year and 30-Year Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. Population
Faridi K, Malik D, Essa M, Yang H, Spatz E, Krumholz H, Lu Y. 10-Year and 30-Year Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. Population. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 85: 2239-2249. PMID: 40499978, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.546.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of cardiovascular diseaseAtherosclerotic CVDU.S. adultsU.S. populationHispanic adultsCardiovascular diseaseCVD riskLong-term riskNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveyRisk of atherosclerotic CVDElevated 10-year riskLong-term risk of cardiovascular diseaseAdults aged >Nutrition Examination SurveyTotal cardiovascular diseaseRisk factor profileRisk of total cardiovascular diseaseSurvey-weighted prevalenceMiddle-aged adultsPrevent Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart failureExamination SurveyAge-standardizedBlack adultsProphylactic Weekly Efanesoctocog Alfa Versus Standard-Care Factor VIII in People Living With Severe Hemophilia A : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Ito S, Potnis K, Harvey J, Sra M, Bewersdorf J, Bona R, Krumholz H, Cuker A, Pandya A, Goshua G. Prophylactic Weekly Efanesoctocog Alfa Versus Standard-Care Factor VIII in People Living With Severe Hemophilia A : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2025, 178: 819-828. PMID: 40258278, PMCID: PMC12170149, DOI: 10.7326/annals-24-02749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEquity weightsSevere hemophilia AInequality aversion parameterFactor VIIIHemophilia AAversion parameterCost-effectiveness analysisEquity standardsCost-effectiveness of prophylaxisTime horizonOnce-weekly prophylaxisPriceAnnualized bleeding rateIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioFactor VIII prophylaxisScenario analysisCost-effectiveness ratioUnited StatesLifetime QALYsBleeding rateProphylaxisNational Institutes of HealthCost-effectiveInstitutes of HealthAlfaDepression and Low Social Support Mediate the Association of Marital Stress and 12-Month Cardiac-Specific Quality of Life in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Zhu C, Dreyer R, Li F, Spatz E, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Raparelli V, Leifheit E, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Spertus J, D’Onofrio G, Pilote L, Lichtman J. Depression and Low Social Support Mediate the Association of Marital Stress and 12-Month Cardiac-Specific Quality of Life in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biopsychosocial Science And Medicine 2025, 87: 129-137. PMID: 39909011, DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001363.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow social supportCardiac-specific quality of lifeNatural direct effectSocial supportMonths post-AMIQuality of lifeAcute myocardial infarctionMarital stressComprehensive secondary preventive strategySignificant depressive symptomsPost-AMISecondary prevention strategiesYoung adultsMyocardial infarctionSociodemographic factorsDepressive symptomsAMI survivorsCovariate adjustmentPrevention strategiesSelf-ReportContinuous scoresQoLBaseline QOLCategorical depressionDepressionDirect oral anticoagulants or warfarin in patients with left ventricular thrombus after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot trial and a prespecified meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Jenab Y, Sadeghipour P, Mohseni-Badalabadi R, Kaviani R, Hosseini K, Pasebani Y, Khederlou H, Rafati A, Mohammadi Z, Jamalkhani S, Talasaz A, Firouzi A, Ariannejad H, Alemzadeh-Ansari M, Ahmadi-Renani S, Maadani M, Farrashi M, Bakhshandeh H, Piazza G, Krumholz H, Mehran R, Lip G, Bikdeli B. Direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin in patients with left ventricular thrombus after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot trial and a prespecified meta-analysis of randomised trials. EuroIntervention 2025, 21: 82-92. PMID: 39773831, PMCID: PMC11684328, DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-24-00527.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsST-elevation myocardial infarctionLeft ventricular thrombusLeft ventricular thrombus resolutionRandomised clinical trialsPooled analysisVentricular thrombusTreatment of left ventricular thrombusTwo-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographyMyocardial infarctionDirect oral anticoagulantsImaging core laboratoryWarfarin-based anticoagulationMeta-analysis of randomised trialsTransthoracic echocardiographyOpen-labelOral anticoagulantsBleeding eventsAdult patientsDOACsCore laboratoryWarfarinClinical trialsRandomised trialsPatientsBleeding
2024
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Faust J, Renton B, Bongiovanni T, Chen A, Sheares K, Du C, Essien U, Fuentes-Afflick E, Haywood T, Khera R, King T, Li S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Marshall A, Ndumele C, Opara I, Loarte-Rodriguez T, Sawano M, Taparra K, Taylor H, Watson K, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2438918. PMID: 39392630, PMCID: PMC11581672, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 public health emergencyNon-HispanicPublic health emergencyOther Pacific IslanderExcess mortalityAlaska NativesUS populationExcess deathsRates of excess mortalityCross-sectional study analyzed dataYears of potential lifeMortality relative riskNon-Hispanic whitesCross-sectional studyPacific IslandersStudy analyzed dataAll-Cause MortalityEthnic groupsMortality disparitiesMortality ratioTotal populationDeath certificatesEthnic disparitiesMain OutcomesDecedent ageUse of electronic health records to characterize patients with uncontrolled hypertension in two large health system networks
Lu Y, Keeley E, Barrette E, Cooper-DeHoff R, Dhruva S, Gaffney J, Gamble G, Handke B, Huang C, Krumholz H, McDonough C, Schulz W, Shaw K, Smith M, Woodard J, Young P, Ervin K, Ross J. Use of electronic health records to characterize patients with uncontrolled hypertension in two large health system networks. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2024, 24: 497. PMID: 39289597, PMCID: PMC11409735, DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04161-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsHealth recordsHealth systemUncontrolled hypertensionUse of electronic health recordsHypertension managementElectronic health record systemsOneFlorida Clinical Research ConsortiumElectronic health record dataYale New Haven Health SystemBP measurementsICD-10-CM codesHealth system networkPublic health priorityICD-10-CMIncidence rate of deathElevated BP measurementsElevated blood pressure measurementsHealthcare visitsAmbulatory careHealth priorityRetrospective cohort studyEHR dataOneFloridaBlood pressure measurementsCardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control Following Release From Carceral Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Aminawung J, Puglisi L, Roy B, Horton N, Elumn J, Lin H, Bibbins-Domingo K, Krumholz H, Wang E. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control Following Release From Carceral Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: ejaha2024035683t. PMID: 39248257, PMCID: PMC11935634, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035683.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUncontrolled CVD risk factorsCardiovascular disease risk factor controlCVD risk factorsRisk factor controlFactor controlRisk factorsSocial determinant of cardiovascular healthCardiovascular diseaseProspective cohort study of individualsDeterminants of cardiovascular healthPublic health prevention effortsCardiovascular disease risk factorsCohort study of individualsHealth prevention effortsCross-sectional studyProspective cohort studyCarceral facilitiesCorrectional facilitiesSocial determinantsTailored interventionsTraditional risk factorsStudy of individualsAdversity scorePerceived stressCardiovascular healthCause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Arun A, Caraballo C, Sawano M, Lu Y, Khera R, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2436402. PMID: 39348122, PMCID: PMC11443349, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersBarriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure
Lu Y, Arowojolu O, Qiu X, Liu Y, Curry L, Krumholz H. Barriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2426135. PMID: 39106065, PMCID: PMC11304113, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.26135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBarriers to guideline adherenceElectronic health recordsGuideline adherenceClinician adherenceEHR dataElevated blood pressureHypertension managementAnalysis of EHR dataYale New Haven Health SystemSevere hypertensionClinical practice guidelinesAdherence scenariosQualitative content analysisPublic health challengeThematic saturationHealth recordsHealth systemBlood pressureThematic analysisTargeted interventionsManagement of severe hypertensionQualitative studyHealth challengesPractice guidelinesPatient outcomesBenchmarking Emergency Physician EHR Time per Encounter Based on Patient and Clinical Factors
Iscoe M, Venkatesh A, Holland M, Krumholz H, Sheares K, Melnick E. Benchmarking Emergency Physician EHR Time per Encounter Based on Patient and Clinical Factors. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2427389. PMID: 39136949, PMCID: PMC11322841, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27389.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records
Brush J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Asher J, Li S, Sawano M, Young P, Schulz W, Anderson M, Burrows J, Krumholz H. Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: e033253. PMID: 38686864, PMCID: PMC11179912, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsRegional health systemImprove hypertension careHealth systemHealth recordsHypertension careDiastolic blood pressureAge-adjusted prevalence ratesNon-Hispanic black patientsPrevalence ratesLarger health systemCross-sectional analysisTransformation of medical dataLeveraging real-world dataHigh prevalence rateHypertension trendsHypertension prevalenceBlood pressureBlood pressure measurementsHypertension diagnosisPrimary outcomeNational trendsProportion of patientsAntihypertensive medicationsBlack patients
2023
National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020
Lu Y, Liu Y, Dhingra L, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Massey D, Spatz E, Sharma R, Rodriguez F, Watson K, Masoudi F, Krumholz H. National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2345964. PMID: 38039001, PMCID: PMC10692850, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45964.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseHistory of ASCVDCross-sectional studyLifestyle modificationPharmacological medicationsOptimal careCurrent careUS adultsEthnic differencesWhite individualsGuideline-recommended therapiesTotal cholesterol controlNon-Hispanic white individualsNutrition Examination SurveyLatino individualsQuality of careSelf-reported raceStatin useRecommended TherapiesSecondary preventionCholesterol controlOptimal regimensSmoking cessationEligible participantsExamination SurveyRace and Ethnicity and Emergency Department Discharge Against Medical Advice
Tsai J, Janke A, Krumholz H, Khidir H, Venkatesh A. Race and Ethnicity and Emergency Department Discharge Against Medical Advice. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2345437. PMID: 38015503, PMCID: PMC10685883, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45437.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhite patientsHispanic patientsEmergency departmentCross-sectional studyED visitsBlack patientsDAMA rateMedical adviceMAIN OUTCOMEEthnic disparitiesNationwide Emergency Department SampleNational cross-sectional studyHospital ED visitsEmergency department dischargeHospital-level variationEmergency Department SampleMetropolitan teaching hospitalHealth care resourcesMedian ageGreater morbidityHospital variationUnadjusted analysesTeaching hospitalAdditional adjustmentLower odds
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