Factors associated with the adoption of the WHO Package of Essential Non-Communicable Diseases (PEN) Protocol 1 in primary healthcare settings in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Timalsena D, Nakarmi C, Mali S, Dhakal A, Bharati A, Bishwokarma A, Adhikari A, Poudel B, Kulung B, Baral P, Bhattarai S, Dixit L, Pokharel Y, Rhodes E, Xu D, Spiegelman D, Shrestha A. Factors associated with the adoption of the WHO Package of Essential Non-Communicable Diseases (PEN) Protocol 1 in primary healthcare settings in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2025, 15: e090923. PMID: 40935428, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090923.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWHO packageNon-communicable diseasesPrimary healthcareBody mass indexCardiovascular disease risk-prediction chartsHealthcare workersCardiovascular diseaseRisk prediction chartsPrimary healthcare settingsPrimary healthcare facilitiesPrimary healthcare centresBlood glucose screeningCardiovascular disease riskLow-resource settingsCross-sectional studyAssociated with accessBMI assessmentHealthcare settingsSystemic barriersProvider motivationBlood pressure measurementsAvailability of metforminRisk chartsPrediction chartsHealthcare facilitiesBarriers and facilitators to patient utilization of noncommunicable disease services in primary healthcare facilities in Nepal: a qualitative study
Mali S, Rhodes E, Nakarmi C, Shrestha S, Dhakal A, Bharati A, Bishwokarma A, Adhikari A, Poudel B, Rai B, Manandhar S, KC S, Timalsena D, Silwal S, Dhimal M, Baral P, Teufel F, Bhattarai S, Spiegelman D, Shrestha A. Barriers and facilitators to patient utilization of noncommunicable disease services in primary healthcare facilities in Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2025, 25: 863. PMID: 40598095, PMCID: PMC12217986, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-025-13050-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-communicable diseasesPrimary healthcare facilitiesPatient utilizationNon-communicable disease interventionsHealthcare facilitiesWorld Health OrganizationPurposive sample of patientsQualitative studyPurposive samplingNoncommunicable disease servicesCardiovascular diseaseNCD servicesChronic respiratory diseasesSample of patientsDisease servicesHealth OrganizationDisease interventionRespiratory diseaseFacilitationServicesFacilitiesBarriersNepalInterventionDisease
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