The case-only design is a powerful approach to detect interactions but should be used with caution
Dong R, Wang G, DeWan A, Leal S. The case-only design is a powerful approach to detect interactions but should be used with caution. BMC Genomics 2025, 26: 222. PMID: 40050722, PMCID: PMC11884093, DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11318-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase-only designRare disease assumptionType I error rateIncreased type I error ratesDisease prevalenceInvestigated type I errorComplex traitsInteraction termsInteraction effect sizesDetect interactionsCase-control designControlled type I error ratesSample sizeHigher disease prevalenceEffect sizeLow disease prevalenceType I errorPrevalenceExposure frequencyGenesType I andDesign studyEnvironmental factorsTraitsEnvironment interaction
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