2025
Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Sumsuzzman D, Ye Y, Wang Z, Pandey A, Langley J, Galvani A, Moghadas S. Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2025, 25: 215. PMID: 39948450, PMCID: PMC11827239, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-10610-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPopulation settingEffective public health strategiesConfidence intervalsImpact of disease severityModified Newcastle-Ottawa ScalePublic health strategiesHigher secondary attack rateRisk of biasNewcastle-Ottawa ScalePandemic responseGlobal systematic reviewRandom-effects modelFreeman-Tukey double arcsine transformationWeb of ScienceNo significant associationDrivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmissionHealth strategiesSecondary attack rateSARS-CoV-2Disease severityEffective pandemic responseTargeted interventionsDouble arcsine transformationOvid MEDLINESystematic reviewIntegrating artificial intelligence with mechanistic epidemiological modeling: a scoping review of opportunities and challenges
Ye Y, Pandey A, Bawden C, Sumsuzzman D, Rajput R, Shoukat A, Singer B, Moghadas S, Galvani A. Integrating artificial intelligence with mechanistic epidemiological modeling: a scoping review of opportunities and challenges. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 581. PMID: 39794317, PMCID: PMC11724045, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55461-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsArtificial intelligenceEffective public health planningPublic health planningMechanistic modelSystematic search strategyCapabilities of artificial intelligenceData-mining capabilitiesReview of opportunitiesFusion of AIPotential of AIHealth plansSpectrum of infectious diseasesDisease dynamicsImpact of RSVpreF vaccination on reducing the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and older adults
Du Z, Pandey A, Moghadas S, Bai Y, Wang L, Matrajt L, Singer B, Galvani A. Impact of RSVpreF vaccination on reducing the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and older adults. Nature Medicine 2025, 31: 647-652. PMID: 39789324, PMCID: PMC11835734, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03431-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory syncytial virusSyncytial virusRSV diseaseImpact of vaccinationBurden of respiratory syncytial virusVaccination of pregnant womenRSV-related mortalityProtein-based vaccinesVaccination of older adultsRSV vaccinePregnant womenSeasonal influenzaVaccine uptake ratesInfant hospitalizationClinical trialsPrefusion FHospital costsInfantsHealth burdenAdult immunizationVaccineOlder adultsHospitalEnhanced uptakeHigh-income countries
2024
Quadrivalent Conjugate Vaccine and Invasive Meningococcal Disease in US Adolescents and Young Adults
Shin T, Wells C, Shoukat A, Potter-Schwartz L, Langevin E, Langley J, Galvani A, Moghadas S. Quadrivalent Conjugate Vaccine and Invasive Meningococcal Disease in US Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2443551. PMID: 39504021, PMCID: PMC11541638, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43551.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive meningococcal diseaseInvasive meningococcal disease casesCases of invasive meningococcal diseaseQuadrivalent conjugate vaccineUS adolescentsMeningococcal diseaseConjugate vaccineMenACWY vaccineIncidence rates of invasive meningococcal diseasePrevention of invasive meningococcal diseaseIncidence rateBurden of meningococcal diseaseUS adolescent populationUS populationYoung adultsImmunization of adolescentsIncidence of invasive meningococcal diseaseBayesian hierarchical Poisson regression modelsDecision analytical studyRate of invasive meningococcal diseaseMenACWY vaccination programUnvaccinated individualsDecision analytic modelHierarchical Poisson regression modelYears of ageEstimating the lives that could be saved by expanded access to weight-loss drugs
Pandey A, Ye Y, Wells C, Singer B, Galvani A. Estimating the lives that could be saved by expanded access to weight-loss drugs. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2024, 121: e2412872121. PMID: 39405358, PMCID: PMC11513960, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2412872121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlucagon-like peptide-1Body mass index categoriesObesity prevalence dataGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsHazard ratio of mortalityRatio of mortalityPublic health impactWeight loss drugsInsurance coverage issuesGastric inhibitory polypeptideHealthcare accessType 2 diabetesUnited StatesPublic health crisisObesity epidemicReceptor agonistsIndex categoriesHazard ratioPrevalence dataInhibitory polypeptidePeptide-1Health impactsNovel treatmentObesityHealth crisisMortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States
Pandey A, Fitzpatrick M, Singer B, Galvani A. Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2024, 121: e2321494121. PMID: 38648491, PMCID: PMC11066981, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321494121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA retrospective cohort study of Paxlovid efficacy depending on treatment time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Du Z, Wang L, Bai Y, Liu Y, Lau E, Galvani A, Krug R, Cowling B, Meyers L. A retrospective cohort study of Paxlovid efficacy depending on treatment time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. ELife 2024, 13: e89801. PMID: 38622989, PMCID: PMC11078542, DOI: 10.7554/elife.89801.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsViral sheddingHospitalized COVID-19 patientsSARS-CoV-2Retrospective cohort studyRisk of reboundCOVID-19 patientsViral reboundTime of treatmentTreated patientsPreventing severe illnessEarly treatmentCohort studyHospitalized patientsPatientsViral replicationReducing infectiousnessSevere illnessTimely treatmentViral dynamicsHealth record dataTreatmentTransmission riskTransmission of SARS-CoV-2EfficacySymptoms
2015
The Impact of Enhanced Screening and Treatment on Hepatitis C in the United States
Durham DP, Skrip LA, Bruce RD, Vilarinho S, Elbasha EH, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. The Impact of Enhanced Screening and Treatment on Hepatitis C in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2015, 62: 298-304. PMID: 26628566, PMCID: PMC4706637, DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInterferon-free DAAsHCV incidenceTreatment ratesChronic hepatitis C virusCases of cirrhosisInjection drug useImpact of administrationAnnual treatment ratesEnhanced screeningHCV prevalenceHCV screeningDecompensated cirrhosisHCV infectionHCV transmissionHepatitis CLiver transplantActing antiviralsLevels of screeningPatients 4C virusHepatocellular carcinomaEpidemiological dataUniversal screeningDrug useImpact of bed capacity on spatiotemporal shifts in Ebola transmission
Townsend JP, Skrip LA, Galvani AP. Impact of bed capacity on spatiotemporal shifts in Ebola transmission. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2015, 112: 14125-14126. PMID: 26518509, PMCID: PMC4655579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518484112.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersStrategies to prevent future Ebola epidemics
Fallah M, Skrip LA, d'Harcourt E, Galvani AP. Strategies to prevent future Ebola epidemics. The Lancet 2015, 386: 131. PMID: 26194388, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61233-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchReassessment of HIV-1 Acute Phase Infectivity: Accounting for Heterogeneity and Study Design with Simulated Cohorts
Bellan SE, Dushoff J, Galvani AP, Meyers LA. Reassessment of HIV-1 Acute Phase Infectivity: Accounting for Heterogeneity and Study Design with Simulated Cohorts. PLOS Medicine 2015, 12: e1001801. PMID: 25781323, PMCID: PMC4363602, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001801.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElevated viral loadAcute phaseViral load trajectoriesSexual network structureViral loadStudy terminationExclusion criteriaRetrospective cohort study designStudy designAcute phase durationSerodiscordant heterosexual couplesRetrospective cohort dataCohort study designProportion of transmissionCourse of infectionRetrospective cohortAntiretroviral treatmentSerodiscordant couplesChronic phaseSimulated cohortRelative hazardCohort dataCohortWide credibility intervalsAdditional risk
2014
Strategies for containing Ebola in West Africa
Pandey A, Atkins KE, Medlock J, Wenzel N, Townsend JP, Childs JE, Nyenswah TG, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Galvani AP. Strategies for containing Ebola in West Africa. Science 2014, 346: 991-995. PMID: 25414312, PMCID: PMC4316831, DOI: 10.1126/science.1260612.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEthical Alternatives to Experiments with Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens
Lipsitch M, Galvani AP. Ethical Alternatives to Experiments with Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens. PLOS Medicine 2014, 11: e1001646. PMID: 24844931, PMCID: PMC4028196, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001646.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2013
Social Factors in Epidemiology
Bauch CT, Galvani AP. Social Factors in Epidemiology. Science 2013, 342: 47-49. PMID: 24092718, PMCID: PMC4229037, DOI: 10.1126/science.1244492.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCost-effectiveness of a community-based intervention for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and HIV in Africa
Mbah M, Kjetland EF, Atkins KE, Poolman EM, Orenstein EW, Meyers LA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Cost-effectiveness of a community-based intervention for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and HIV in Africa. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2013, 110: 7952-7957. PMID: 23589884, PMCID: PMC3651507, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221396110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity-based interventionsHIV infectionHIV transmissionSchistosoma haematobiumFemale genital schistosomiasisAdministration of praziquantelSaharan AfricaRural ZimbabweS. haematobium transmissionGenital schistosomiasisGenital infectionHealth payersSchool-aged childrenIntervention periodEpidemiological dataEpidemiological studiesS. haematobiumSchistosomiasis prevalenceHealth educationInfectionSchistosomiasisYoung womenHaematobiumInterventionHIV
2012
Using Game Theory to Examine Incentives in Influenza Vaccination Behavior
Chapman GB, Li M, Vietri J, Ibuka Y, Thomas D, Yoon H, Galvani AP. Using Game Theory to Examine Incentives in Influenza Vaccination Behavior. Psychological Science 2012, 23: 1008-1015. PMID: 22810166, DOI: 10.1177/0956797612437606.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Dengue vector control strategies in an urban setting: an economic modelling assessment
Luz PM, Vanni T, Medlock J, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP. Dengue vector control strategies in an urban setting: an economic modelling assessment. The Lancet 2011, 377: 1673-1680. PMID: 21546076, PMCID: PMC3409589, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60246-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCost-effectiveness ratioHerd immunityAdult controlsDengue burdenIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioDengue transmissionCost-effective interventionResource-constrained countriesProbabilistic sensitivity analysesCost-effectiveness analysisIncidence of dengueFuture dengue epidemicsImmunological effectsHealth burdenRisk of dengueVector control policiesDengue epidemicsImmunityVector control strategiesBurdenDengueAdult mosquitoesInterventionEpidemicYears
2010
Adherence to cervical screening in the era of human papillomavirus vaccination: how low is too low?
Bauch CT, Li M, Chapman G, Galvani AP. Adherence to cervical screening in the era of human papillomavirus vaccination: how low is too low? The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2010, 10: 133-137. PMID: 20113982, DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70004-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical cancerVaccinated womenVaccine coverageEffective cervical screening programmesHuman papillomavirus vaccinationCervical screening programmeHigh-risk typesIntroduction of vaccinesPapillomavirus vaccinationOncogenic typesCervical screeningOpportunistic screeningScreening programPrevents infectionCancerVaccineIncidenceContinued screeningWomenVaccinationScreeningPopulationDisease incidenceInfection
2009
Optimizing Influenza Vaccine Distribution
Medlock J, Galvani AP. Optimizing Influenza Vaccine Distribution. Science 2009, 325: 1705-1708. PMID: 19696313, DOI: 10.1126/science.1175570.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge FactorsAgedCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.ChildChild, PreschoolDisease OutbreaksHealth PolicyHumansImmunization ProgramsInfantInfluenza A virusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza, HumanMiddle AgedModels, StatisticalUnited StatesVaccinationYoung AdultConceptsOutcome measuresNovel swine-origin influenzaOptimal vaccine allocationInfluenza vaccine distributionContingent valuationSwine-origin influenzaYears of lifePublic health policyOptimal allocationEconomic costsInfluenza vaccineSeasonal influenzaInfluenza pandemicU.S. CentersVaccine allocationDisease controlMortality dataVaccine distributionHealth policyOptimal vaccinationPolicy optimizationTransmission dynamicsInfluenzaAllocationNew recommendationsAverting epidemics of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Basu S, Friedland GH, Medlock J, Andrews JR, Shah NS, Gandhi NR, Moll A, Moodley P, Sturm AW, Galvani AP. Averting epidemics of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2009, 106: 7672-7677. PMID: 19365076, PMCID: PMC2678614, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812472106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR-TBXDR-TB epidemicDrug susceptibility testingCommunity-based EpidemicsCommunity-based programsEffective reproductive numberTertiary hospitalTB epidemicDisease presentationPublic health conditionsCase findingTransmission clustersDiagnostic approachHealth conditionsSouth African communityOngoing transmissionTransmission dynamicsTherapyTuberculosisEpidemicReproductive numberTBKwaZulu-Natal ProvinceHospital
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